نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 41 (تابستان 1401)

One of the influential components in the international system and relations between political units is having peace and respecting territorial integrity on the part of these units. The borders of any country are the first areas that are invaded and attacked in case of violation of the territorial integrity of that country, which causes instability and insecurity for the residents of these areas. Keeping this issue in mind, the present study seeks to provide the necessary solutions to stabilize peace in the northwestern borders of Iran, emphasizing the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. In terms of its objectives the current research is of an applied research type and qualitative in nature. The data of the research has been collected in the way of interviews with elites who are familiar with the subject of the research. The statistical population is 30 people, which was selected based on the theoretical saturation approach. The obtained findings have been analyzed using single-level thematic analysis and coding technique. In this research, after conducting the interview, implementing and coding the themes, three macro and strategic solutions as the general dimensions of the research were extracted as the most important research solutions in the form of the propositions, including the adoption of active diplomacy by the country's diplomatic system, the creation of dependent economic platforms and the use of scientific, cultural and ethnic capacities in the countries adjacent to the northwestern borders of the country. The obtained results showed that in order to prevent the spread of the security consequences of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis to the border regions of Iran, as well as to establish peace and create sustainable security in the international borders of northwestern Iran, there is a need for written planning in the form of active diplomacy with the coordinated support of military power, the expansion and promotion of scientific relations, cultural and ethnic through public policies on both sides of the border, as well as creating dependent economic platforms among the neighboring countries in the northwestern borders of Iran, on behalf of the policy-makers and the country's officials, in order to witness stable peace and security in the borders of the studied area.

Immigration has various economic, social, cultural, political and security consequences that have been addressed in the system of international law and international conventions. Accordingly, the considerations of international law regarding the relationship between immigration and terrorism and the resulting police requirements in ensuring Iran's border security have been examined and assessed in this study. Iran's police requirements for border security to deal with immigration-related terrorist offenses rely primarily on measures and control mechanisms, counter-disciplinary measures, intelligence, and intelligence elites. At the same time, in the framework of international law, stricter and more restrictive policies have been adopted regarding immigration and its consequences. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and other similar events, the EU's international policies on the link between immigration and terrorism became stronger. Hence, in addition to international achievements and the international law approach based on the fundamental links between terrorist crimes resulting from immigration, the police and security requirements and mechanisms in place to prevent them are an undeniable necessity. Accordingly, the necessary policies in providing border security have been formulated based on control, confrontation and intelligence measures and require the joint cooperation of specialized police and executive bodies in this field.

Despite the scientific progress of the country, the main pillar of the Armed Forces is manpower, especially soldiers. NAJA border guards as part of the armed forces are no exception to this, and the conditions of service in it can be a factor in the occurrence of crimes. Therefore, the main question of the present study is "What are the contexts and contexts for committing common crimes of border guards?" is.

The present study was conducted in terms of purpose, application and descriptive-survey method and its statistical population was conscripts working in the border of one of the provinces. And Payvar staff related to conscripts and simultaneous data collection and analysis at three levels of concepts, categories and major categories has been done during the open, pivotal and selective coding steps.

Lack of attention to belief factors as causal conditions, attention to service delivery and development of supervision as interfering factors, as well as bedrock by external polluters and the existence of crime opportunities and crime continuity as underlying conditions for the occurrence of common crimes committed by border guards. Border provinces have an effective role.

The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers that affect the future landscape of Mahabad. The present study has been done in terms of applied purpose, in terms of survey method at the exploratory level and based on futures research approach. Due to the nature of this research, first using the method of differential snowball method, 24 specialists and executives of government organizations related to environmental affairs should be identified and selected, and then from the Delphi method and studies Documents were used to determine key drivers. Also, structural analysis method and Mic Mac software have been used to weigh and identify the most important drivers affecting the livability of the city. The results of the study showed that due to the high score of direct and indirect impact among 40 variables, 10 key drivers including; The quality of the road network, having sufficient lighting in the roads, access to public transportation and parking, the level of user adaptation, access to sidewalks and bicycle paths, the ratio of construction of sidewalks to the total area, sufficient income for households, the amount of investment Government facilities, adequate access to urban facilities (Internet, electricity, gas, etc.) and the level of air pollution will affect the future of Mahabad. According to the results, the ten drivers in the impact column had the largest share in direct impact, of which 8 variables in indirect impact were repeated

Today, security and development are two unstable components in the management of border areas. As Sistan and Baluchestan province in terms of growth and development in the country's development ranking indicators, is always at a low level and on the other hand, regional and spatial imbalances between the central and border areas of the province seems very obvious, this underdevelopment has created conditions for the creation and growth of the phenomenon of trafficking. Thus, instead of solving the problem of underdevelopment as one of the main reasons and underlying problems of the province, due to security problems, governments have considered the issue of increasing border security as a short-term solution for these areas. In this regard, the present study, which is analytical-explanatory in nature and has been obtained by collecting documents and the latest reports of government organizations in 2020 and 2021, documents and information in books and scientific documents and their content interpretation. , Has tried to analyze the effective factors and indicators in the research findings as well as the relationship between the three components of underdevelopment, trafficking and intensification of border security, as well as in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The findings of the study revealed that issues such as lack of social justice, instability of security, the phenomenon of smuggling of goods, spatial and geographical imbalances, instability of residence and population, reduced political participation and political development, increased political violence and terrorist activities, neighborhoods with underdeveloped and undeveloped countries. They have affected the development cycle and security of the region.

Borders are symbol of people's identity and national culture, and its protection has a direct relationship with sustainable development. Sustainable border security management mechanisms in the country should be designed in such a way as to support domestic production and prevent smuggling. Considering the basic and important role of security in the development of rural and urban areas, especially the provinces and border areas of the country, identifying and evaluating the influencing factors on the category of sustainable border security is of great importance. In this regard, this research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model for sustainable border security management in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interview and data base theory have been used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 30 managers of the governorate and command of the Ardabil Border Regiment who were purposefully selected. After theoretical saturation in the interview, the recorded data were implemented for analysis and the necessary coding was performed. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all 280employees of Ardabil governorate who were selected according to Morgan table and 162people based on stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool at this stage was a researcher-made questionnaire resulting from the first stage, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The data set obtained in this study after the interview and during the continuous process of open, central and selective coding in the form of 90 open codes, 60 concepts, 15 categories and 6 categories based on a systematic approach were organized. The findings of the research show that expanding economic factors, eliminating economic poverty, increasing the strength of border regiment forces and creating sustainable jobs are among the most important factors in creating sustainable security in the borders of the province.

The type of applied research and the approach to the research space is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of Khoy border city is based on the census of 1395, 198845 people. Therefore, the sample size is 383 based on Cochran's formula. Data collection tools in field studies are questionnaires and observations. First, the effective factors in changing the spatial structure of the city were identified, then maps of different periods of the city (1345 to 1395) were extracted. Then the results of spatial arrangement analysis are reviewed and SPSS is used to analyze the data. The results showed that in 1345 the central part, in 1352 the western part, in 1373 the continuation of the western part and in 1383 and 1395 the southern part of the border city of Khoy have undergone more changes due to road development, transportation and migration. Also, based on the factor analysis test, in the first pillar of impact, the laws related to the use of land, water and buildings; Comprehensive plan of the city; Population growth and migration "0.770, 0.737, 0.730 and 0.726", in the second pillar of the impact of transportation; The role of government and technical plans are 0.811, 801 and 0.772, respectively, and finally in the third column, the impact of land ownership, private sector activity and bank facilities, respectively, with the numerical value of 0.849, 0.844 and / 776, respectively. 0 »They have had the greatest impact with the changes in the spatial structure of the border city of Khoy.