نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 45 (تابستان 1402)

Narcotics and related crimes are one of the most important threats to human society in the whole world. The present research has been conducted in this direction with the aim of studying and investigating the factors affecting drug discovery in the Saravan Border Regiment. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical methodology and is of a mixed type. A small part of the survey was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. The qualitative part of the theme analysis was done using in-depth interviews. Using the enumeration method, 128 people were selected in the quantitative part and 13 people were selected as the sample size until theoretical saturation was reached in the qualitative part. Based on the findings obtained from the research, the priority of the impact of the 4 dimensions of the research is the political dimension, economic dimension, social dimension, and cultural dimension. In the political dimension, "border security" with an average of 6.742, in the economic dimension, "high unemployment rate" with an average of 5.160, in the social dimension, "interaction with military institutions" with an average of 5.281, and in the cultural dimension, "cultivation between people's strata" They had the most influence with an average of 4.266. According to the findings of the research, it can be said that several factors have an effect on the discovery of drugs and their smuggling, which is necessary considering the identification of some of these factors; To organize and improve executive planning and to increase drug detections in the Saravan border regiment to provide a suitable platform to achieve this goal.

In today's era, specialized and skill-based education is increasingly becoming an important research field. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting the quality of skill training in Shahid Rajaei Education Center of Kermanshah. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation, it is a qualitative research and thematic analysis type. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The participants in the research were 17 commanders, managers, and experts of the training center until they reached theoretical saturation in the form of targeted sampling. The analysis of the data from the interviews was coded in three stages: basic themes, organizing themes, and comprehensive themes. The findings showed that the factors affecting the quality of skill training have 105 basic concepts, 20 organizing concepts, and 7 comprehensive concepts, including the characteristics of teachers, learners, educational needs assessment, educational environment, educational content, educational aids, and educational supervision. The results of the research showed that for the successful implementation of the skill training and the effective and practical implementation of the training provided in the training center, it is better for the commanders and executive directors, based on the identified local components, to prepare the requirements and infrastructure needed for the implementation of the skill training and use it with proper planning.

Rural areas in the border areas are geographical spaces that have significant potential as tourist attractions. The Ilam border province has historical, natural, and cultural attractions, and the entry of the gateway to Iraq is the annual accommodation of many domestic and foreign tourists. In this study, political-institutional tourism sustainability has been examined as a method of forming the tourism process that reflects the impact of tourism approaches in intersecting and intertwining the general processes of society's livability. The present study was conducted as a survey method. The sample size is based on the method of snowballing from the local authorities of the rural settlements of the border areas of Ilam city (120 individuals). The research tool is a questionnaire. The content validity of the tool has been approved by the experts with an average CVR of 0.844 and its reliability was approved by the pre-test and the induction coefficient of 0.864 for livability and 0.870 for political-institutional stability. The results show that, from the viewpoint of local authorities, the level of the livability of rural settlements in the city is at a medium level, with a social index of 25.11, economic index of 21/40, physical index of 26.98, and environmental index of 26.5. Also, the political institution of tourism with an organizing indicators index of 0.80, planning index of 0.75, and policy and supervision index of 0.51 has affected the livability of rural settlements with a coefficient of 0.43 and has changed the livability indicators with 26.50, 23.72, 26.50, and 23.72 respectively. Therefore, to balance the dimensions of border livability, tourism's most influential political-institutional stability is economic and social livability.

Smuggling is a problem that has become widespread in the context of economic, political, etc. failures and has negative consequences for the country's economy. Therefore, research in this field is necessary and the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges of the border guard command in fighting against goods smuggling in the western provinces of the country. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, and in terms of its nature, it has been conducted using a mixed-method approach. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is border guard experts and in the quantitative part border guard commanders and deputies at the levels of border regiments and groups. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.895. The challenges were identified and prioritized in the data analysis in the qualitative method, through the process of open and central coding, and in the quantitative method through the SPSS software. The findings of the research in the qualitative part indicate that "poor laws", "wrong economic policies" and "lack of job creation in border areas" are among the causes of the crime of smuggling in the western provinces, and in the quantitative method, at a confidence level above 95%, the importance of some of the variables compared to other variables was confirmed. The results of the research show that "lack of unity of action between relevant institutions in dealing with smuggling" is the most effective external challenge, "low quality and limited equipment in border units" is the most effective internal challenge and "economic pressure in under-developed border provinces" is the most effective environmental challenge of the Border Guard Command in the fight against the smuggling of goods in the western provinces

The smuggling of health-oriented goods is actually considered a threat to the country's economy due to non-payment of taxes and duties, lack of services to society, and non-participation in production and creation of legal employment. Also, the weakness of the institutions in charge of these goes is considered a serious threat to public health. Therefore, in general, the smuggling of health-oriented goods can endanger the security and health of citizens. The purpose of the current research is to explain and evaluate the challenges of dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods from the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, which was conducted by a mixed-method approach (documents and surveys). The researcher has built a library as a tool for collecting data using a polling tool and a questionnaire. The statistical population includes border guard commanders of Kermanshah province up to the level of border checkpoints. The sample size was 385 individuals who were selected through Cochran's formula and the purposeful sampling method. Appropriate statistical tests (such as one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation) were used to test hypotheses and measure correlation between variables using SPSS software. The findings indicate that the lack of formulation of coherent laws related to the fight against health-oriented goods smuggling, the prohibition and restriction of the entry and export of certain goods, the inefficiency of the laws and regulations in the field of goods smuggling, the weakness of the laws and regulations of border exchanges; underdevelopment of border areas, poverty (absolute and relative), kinship relations on both sides of the border, unemployment; the weakness of domestic production, the lack of control over the monetary and financial circulation system, profitability (due to the relative difference in the prices of goods), the spread of the culture of the hidden economy; the intensification of the class gap, the change of values, the weakness in the cultural fight against smuggling, the increase in the feeling of relative deprivation and the weakness in informing the people of the society about the legal, social, economic and cultural challenges in dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods in the border areas of Kermanshah province. The results showed that the existence of values such as consumers' economic rights, consumers' right to food, health, and medicine; citizens' social rights in physical and mental health, legal investment, and business rights, and extensive physical and life risks caused by the consumption of unhealthy products indicate that it is necessary to take action to solve the legal, social, economic and cultural challenges in the field of dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods.

Iran's border areas are considered to be among the most valuable lands in the Middle East. The social and economic life of border areas is directly affected by the connection with international borders. The existence of sea and land borders of Sistan and Baluchistan has led to the development of these areas, led to regional development in the province, and increased interactions with the countries of the region. Sistan-Baluchistan has been facing security challenges in the border areas for years; but now that security is prevailing in the borders, the concern and problem of the present research is the lack of recognition and utilization of effective drivers in the border area of the province, which has been created in line with the security and one-dimensional view of the border areas and causes poverty, underdevelopment, and regional inequalities. For this reason, the current research has used the futurology approach with the aim of analyzing the driver’s effectiveness on development and how they affect the future of the border areas of Sistan and Baluchistan. The research method is qualitative exploratory analysis type. The library method has been used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, the method of mutual effects was used by Mikmak software. The results show that border investment security, sanctions, management style, the role of academic forces in the development of borders, the existence of a railway network on both sides of the border, the level of literacy, the fight against human trafficking and goods smuggling, and local human resources are the drivers with the highest level of influence in the development of border areas that should be taken into consideration in the provincial development plans.

Knowledge of geographical factors affecting border patrol missions is doubly important. This research is in line with the spatial analysis of the effective components of natural geography on border patrol missions in the border areas of Salmas city. The upcoming research is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. The data collection method to answer the research question is the document method (library) and the field method (questionnaire). Also, in the stage of spatial description studies, spatial data was used. For the findings of the descriptive study, a research tool (researcher's questionnaire) was designed. GIS software was used for layering and fuzzy analysis, T-test was used for influencing the desired components, and AHP model was used for ranking natural effective components. The obtained results show that the current situation of the region in terms of the appropriateness of the implementation of military operations in the field of geology, according to the T-test, the value of this component was 9.66, and in terms of the region's climate, the value of the T statistic was 7.66. and finally the environmental component with the value of T statistic is -6.79. Regarding the ranking of the effective components in the implementation of military operations, the chronological component with a weight of 0.73 is higher than the other two components, i.e. climate and environment, and the climate component is ranked second with a weight of 0.32, also below The variables are the wind element which is part of the climatic sub-components with a weight value of 0.48 in the first place, followed by the sub-components of height with a weight value of 0.44, slope with a weight value of 0.26 and the direction of the slope with a value of 0.14. The following positions are important.