نشریه تاریخ ایران اسلامی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Resorting (Take refuge) in some religious places in terms of people is one of the ways to protect individual security which those who resorted to it. The sources of Safavid era have no clear information about resorting and how it is customary, but based on the same news and the reports that European writers have presented, although not to the extent of the Qajarid era, places are known as sanctuary and those who have resorting them. In this paper, using descriptive - analytical method, the phenomenon of resorting in the Safavid period has been studied and the sites and facilities that have been sanctuary are described. The findings of this research indicate that some of the buildings and religious institutions and some political and administrative facilities are located in this period which have played security role in the protection of the oppressed people against the injustices of the government.

The series refers to battles in the early history of Islam, in which the Prophet (peace be upon him) was absent as a commander and led by them prominent companions to command the battles. With the presence of the Prophet (PBUH) in Medina, his opponents and enemies turned to direct wars. Therefore, during the first five years of the Prophet's presence in Medina, we have witnessed numerous serials that took place with different goals and approaches. In this study we seek to answer the question "What was the nature of the first to fifth years of the prophetic age?" Reflections on the sources of this period show that the prophets of the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him) had taken different approaches at the time. Some of these battles have had a defensive or offensive approach and some have been propaganda and informational. The purpose of this story is to better understand the geographical environment and the ways of communication around Medina, to acquaint the tribes around the city, and to conclude a defense treaty with some of them to maintain Medina security, to monitor the movements of enemies and to report them to the Prophet on a timely basis ) To counter them, insure commercial means of Quraish and inflict damage on the Quraish economy, conduct military and martial maneuvers to alert Qureshi and declare a strong military presence and eliminate the opposition and clear 

The guilds participated in the struggles of the Constitutional Revolution along with other social and political activists. Research on the perpetrators of the Constitutional Revolution has focused on the role and position of clerics, intellectuals and businessmen, and the role of the guild institution has not received much attention. Recognizing this role is necessary to analyze the causes of the emergence and victory of the Iranian Constitution . In the charter of the first elections to the National Assembly, six social strata, including the guilds, had the right to be elected, and 53% of the seats in the capital were allocated to the guilds. Did they reach a position where they alone had more seats in parliament than the other five major social classes? It is hypothesized that the guilds had a large and influential presence during the constitutional revolution and because of their organization, they had institutional cohesion and were organized and coordinated, so they played a key role in the victory of the constitution.

Expansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of society, and especially the official dress of government employees. Based on this, the main purpose of the paper is to review the developments in the official dress of Naser al-Din Shah government staff and the Reza Shah period. Now, the question arises, what difference has there been between the design and the manner in which the work of the state employees during the period of Naser-al-Din Shah was during the period of Reza Shah? The hypothesis of the article is that with the efforts of Shah Qajar and Pahlavi I to change the cover, the official dress of government employees changed in terms of rank, position, social communication and in terms of design and how it was implemented. The research method in this paper is based on the description and adaptation of historical data and the results of this research indicate the process of westernizing influence on the cost of Naser al-Dinshah's administrative staff and the escalation of modernity on the development of state-owned personnel clothing with the authoritarian method of Reza Shah.

The actions and reforms made by Shah Abbas I, were the initiator of a period of change and development in various political, social and economic fields in the history of Iran the center of which was the city of Isfahan. Based on the ideas and policies of Shah Abbas and his advisors, Iran’s economy structures was transformed. One of the features of this transformation which had a immant impact was Isfahan's urban economy. Several factors, including trade development, caused Isfahan economy to become a model of urban economy with new elements. This research seeks to answer this question: What has been the effect of "trade development"on the prosperity of urban economy of Isfahan in Shah Abbas age? The present study is a historical research that has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study can be seen in Shah Abbas's commercial policies in providing security, protecting Armenian merchants, and prosperity of urban elements that led to improved commerce of the city and the expansion of Isfahan's urban economy.

The main purpose of this article was to move on the course of new political sociological developments, postmodern turn and then to use categories of identity through discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe to analyse the Islamic revolution in Iran. In this regard, the shortcomings and the reasons for the shortcomings of revolutionary theories in explaining the success of various revolutions have been pointed out, and then an attempt has been made to provide a model in the field of revolutionary theories to have a higher explanatory power to answer questions and to remove ambiguities. In the present study in order to achieve this model, the issues related to identity and discourse have been combined and from this perspective the reasons for the victory of the Islamic revolution of Iran have been analyzed. Since in the new political sociology, discourses are the mirrors for the representation of conflict and transformation in identities, on the eve of 1979, the discourse of the Islamic revolution of Iran was able to marginalize all other discourses by emphasizing on Islamic identity and revolutionary signs.

One of the sciences that has a profound impact on archeology, history, anthropology, and anthropology, and which presents 'anthropology' with serious opportunities, contexts, or challenges, is 'genetics'. Genetic science and DNA discovery are the beginning of a major breakthrough in the fields of life sciences and related sciences. The paper evaluates the approaches and opportunities for advancing genetics in the face of genetics, with the question of how genetics can be useful and helpful in relativistic research. Using empirical in vitro methods such as DNA on the chromosome y and mitochondria to determine ancestry with new ways of identifying anthropologically-based identities by complementing and refining data to better understand our history or to help better identify communities. Research has shown that genetics can be used in the future, and new relationships will emerge in accurate understanding of history based on relational knowledge.