نشریه معمار شهر
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1401)

Due to the variety of usage of historical bazaar of Shiraz such as economical, social, cultural and even communicative dimensions, it includes many different structures; all of which need conservation. In fact paying enough attention to both tangible and intangible aspects and dimensions of the structure plays a crucial role in conserving the identity and cultural authenticity of the complex. This process has often been neglected or considered only in structural dimensions.The current study aims at presenting a comprehensive understanding of the traditional system of historical bazaar of Shiraz and its related values and traditions, emphasizing on the previous weaknesses. In order to meet the realization of the comprehensive conservation, this study relies on the gathered data and moves in line with revitalization plan of the above named values. Using historical interpretation strategy through the study of the documented references, interviews and field observations, this study compares the historical-cultural traditions and their relevant structures in the historical bazaar of Shiraz; therefore studies the current changes in the field.These valuable traditions, according to their similar nature, were classified under five main categories include cultural, social, management, economic and corporal traditions and after analysis and aggregation, were resulted to the main revitalization strategies.The authentic identity and integrated and comprehensive conservation plan of the historical bazaar of Shiraz will be guaranteed under the case that the above named Strategy, with an emphasis on structural dimensions, are taken into consideration and are implemented by preservation custodians.

Collective space as one of the building blocks in shaping urban spaces has always played an effective role in creating an ideal city and the formation of spaces in the body of cities for human interaction has always been one of human needs since the beginning of mankind. . An external look at the history of Shiism shows the existence of different periods with many ups and downs in this school. At some points in history, Shiism has been in decline and pressure, and some periods are considered the peak of Shiism. Naturally, the existence of Shiite governments has played an undeniable role in the culmination of the Shiite religion that the growth and scientific and social excellence of the Shiite religion in some periods has been the result of the existence of powerful Shiite governments. The emergence of the Buwayhids and their rise to power in the Islamic world can be considered as one of the peak periods of Shiism in life and the creation of collective and urban spaces. This research has been written in a historical-analytical method with the aim of examining the evolution of life in the era of Al-Buwayh and how to create collective and urban spaces of Iranians at that time.

Today, housing is one of the most basic human needs. In the past, access to a suitable shelter and housing was one of the most important issues that human beings have always struggled with and tried to build a suitable shelter for themselves to protect themselves from natural hazards. Housing is examined from various dimensions. Its most important function is economic function, which accounts for more than %05 of the monthly household income. In addition to the economic dimension, housing is alsosocially and physically important. Due to job creation and connection with many other economic sectors, the housing sector acts as a suitable tool for the implementation of economic and development policies. Therefore, governments with various economic, social and political characteristics have taken action to solve housing-related problems and in this regard, have implemented various policies and programs to provide housing for vulnerable urban groups. In the meantime, the vulnerable groups of the city, as the incapable group in providing housing for themselves, should be given more attention in targeting housing policy. Recognition and study of housing status depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. This article also identifies the effective factors in housing policy of vulnerable urban groups in order to study housing policies.

The stability and safety of our habitable against hazard has always greatly occupied our minds."Earthquake is one of such natural hazards that can cause death.In fact whatever that makes this phenomenon as disaster is not to be prepared and takeMeasure to confront this event.To reduce the seismic damage and cities safety promotion it's necessary, regarding, speciallyTo the dangers of earthquake and estimate it's effects in sustainable development urban planning collection.So vulnerability and damages should be evaluated of various studies.So the possibility of evaluation calamities impresses by use of development methods and modeling the earthquake could be so important in optimum vulnerability management.Regarding to Tehran importance from the political, social and economical aspects and its high risk earthquake zone, it's necessary to introduces and explain the true way to comfort the feature prop able earthquake and short time & long time procedures to comfort the earthquake in urbanism view point.That these procedures should conation population problems and shortage of basically possibilities and unfit extension and anisotropic distribution of service centers and building texture that are UN matched with structure conditions.In fact during last year's, hasn’t been done any enough and fundamental measures for reducing the earthquake hazard. But many parameters like anisotropic growth of Tehran especially during these years construction near faults and the areas that are unsafe because of tectonic instabilities and construction and execution of buildings and unmatched vital establishment with Tehran's earthquake intensity.And shortage of enough management to comfort the earthquake and old texture in the cities show that there will be ….of hazard if the earthquake happens.So, in this research I chose 19distric of Tehran as case study for evaluating earthquake risk.

Today, due to rapid social and cultural changes in societies, the issue of security is one of the main concerns of families.Schools are considered as the primary and influential center in children's social interactions, so these places should be safe enough for students to exchange information and participate in peace with each other. The characteristics and qualities of the elements that make up learning environments are effective in shaping different behaviors. Spaces that have suitable conditions for physical, mental and social development of individuals have a favorable architecture in terms of structure.In recent years, sustainable architectural models have sought to improve the quality of life by creating environmental and psychological security.In recent years, sustainable architectural models with the creation of environmental and psychological security seeks to improve the quality of life.According to sustainable architecture models in order to create a sense of security from the students' point of view. Accordingly, all first secondary schools in District 22 of Tehran, which included 27 schools, were evaluated in 1398.Research method is a survey-analysis that is used to collect information from field studies, questionnaires and software. In the field section,350 questionnaires based on Likert scale were distributed in schools and in the analytical section, data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical method (t) in the form of written tables.The results show that the physical design status of the architecture, indoor air quality, optimization of consumption of various basic environmental resources are below average and the variables of building location,green space are moderate.Safety is one of the most important building blocks in any space, which plays an important role in attracting people and understanding the space by them. The need for safety is one of the most basic human needs, and until this need is not met, he cannot have a good impression of the space he is in. In today's societies, the important point is to maintain order and safety in order to create a suitable environment for the life of teenagers. Therefore, schools, as educational and cultural centers, need conscious design in order to attract students' attention to the space. Safety is one of the most important bases of today's societies.Sustainable architecture based on its primary building principles as a type of design in creating spaces with the aim of creating space based on environmentally friendly principles psychologically can be effective in communicating with the space user and creating positive imagery and ultimately strengthening the sense of safety. be Environmental issues are an important fact all over the world, which has received serious attention and is on the agenda of the world in contemporary society; Because this fact has effectively improved the quality of life of the human race, although there is a need for proper environmental education, so it can be said that the design of architectural spaces and the creation of schools with regard to sustainability components not only lead to the education of environmentalists. It is lived, but it also affects the creation of behavioral stability and peace in people's thoughts and safety in their relationship.

 This article focuses on preserving the values of the historical context of the cities with regard to the explanation of the principles of intercultural development. One of the biggest existing urban concerns is the conflict between the protection of historical urban contexts and urban development in the contemporary period. The existing and visible reality of our historical cities indicates that the current state of these cities is more than affected by specific principles derived from this type of urban context; It is influenced by the process of interventions related to new physical and spatial structures. New works, in general, from the perspective of theoretical and conceptual approaches, physical shapes and forms, how to define behaviors and functions, and how to use materials and construction methods, in most cases do not fit with the historical context of cities. In this regard, by using the method of documentary studies, examining experiences theoretically and empirically, relying on the method of logical reasoning, an attempt has been made to identify the design principles of intermediate buildings in the historical context of cities. The findings show that the values hidden in the historical context of cities are the common language of protection and development, and by identifying them, the design principles of intermediate buildings and the way of accumulation in urban heritage are also determined.