نشریه معمار شهر
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1402)

One of the most important problems of urban planners today is the disorder and visual clutter of the urban landscape. Various factors effectively shape the city's image, one of the most important of which is the urban facades. One of the goals of creating a beautiful facade is that it will make the building more attractive and ultimately increase its visual weight and will have a better effect on the mood of the residents and visitors of the building. Dissatisfaction with the current state of facades has led to the efforts of city planners and architects to organize urban facades. One of the ways to help this issue is pathology and providing a model for visual pathology. For this reason, this research seeks to provide a model of the visual pathology process of the urban facade and to achieve this model, it has examined the pathology process of the facade components in creating visual clutter. Finally, this research presents a new pathologic method and process that can be used to examine single-facade and urban facade damage and prepare supporting documents in urban design and development, and provide a checklist to subordinate organizations to assess facade damage (specified codes).

Statement of the problem:

 The existence of collective spaces in the post-modern era is important in the current urban society of Iran. Based on this feature, today the expansion of leisure and cultural-recreational centers is one of the important goals of metropolitan management planners. Urban and cultural open spaces as a part of public spaces with appropriate design through the formation of behavioral camps, bring people together in various spatial organizations voluntarily and to carry out cultural and social activities. Considering that the concept and abstraction can challenge the audience from a mental and root point of view beyond the only aesthetics and interact the audience's relationship with the work and the environment of the work.

Research question:

 In this research, with the aim of finding and analyzing effective indicators for the design of the conceptual-abstract art garden with the approach of improving the behavioral environment, the answer to the main question of the research is sought, which is how to find indicators for the design of a suitable space for the conceptual-abstract art garden. With the approach of improving the behavior of the camp in the environment?

Our modern interactive architectural language can enhance the cultural and artistic life and promote the behavioral camp by applying the desired artistic patterns in natural environments through the characteristics of the behavioral camp and help to preserve and spread the urban park spaces.

The research method is descriptive-analytical with questionnaire tool and practical in terms of purpose. In this research, in order to compare the criteria and sub-criteria, the paired group comparison method was used, and the opinions of 30 experts, experts and researchers were collected through a questionnaire, and then the geometric mean of their opinions was entered into the Expert Choice software, and the weight of all the criteria and sub-criteria, Is obtained. The most important findings and conclusions of the research: based on the ideas put forward by the experts and the conducted surveys and data analysis, it can be found that by relying on the hierarchical needs of humans, the most important of which is obtained according to the degree of importance and ranking. Objects, obvious emotional behavior, problem solving or problem solving, interpersonal interaction (verbal and non-verbal), major motor activity, have the ability to improve.

Architectural design education has always represented aunique pedagogy. From the early years of masterapprentice model to the modern project-based learning in form of thedesign studio. Many studios dealalmost solely with the individual, while complexities of contemporary practice require collaborative teamwork. Ithas always focused on individuality and personal-biased practicewith the importance of communication and criticism.However, in the recent years, the architectural profession hasbecome more complex, which critically
requires shifting paradigm towards a more collaborative approach. Students are supposedly being prepared for practice, but they are usually led to think of themselves as independent designers, which is a rare condition in real life.

Research Problem:

 Architectural design is a collaborative process in which understanding between group members may be more important than their ideas. Therefore, when architectural design is considered as a collective activity, it will also be effective in teaching it. One of the skills required by architecture students to succeed in the profession of architectural design is the skill of collaboration, group communication and teamwork. Architecture students need to collaborate, discuss, and exchange ideas in the studio to prepare for a collaborative design career, so there is a need for participatory design studios in architecture schools.

Research question: 

How can participatory architecture design training increase the skills of collaboration and teamwork of architecture design students?

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of participatory education model in architectural design courses in the studio

The research method in this article is causal-comparative method. The study was a comparison of the conventional method and the participatory model method from the students' point of view and evaluated their performance. The statistical population of this study was the architecture design students of= Ardabil Azad University in the fall semester of 1398 with 40 people in three different groups as a sample of the study and surveyed. The data collection tool was library resource studies and a questionnaire designed by researchers. In this article, quantitative analysis of the questionnaire during a semester in the workshop is used.

conclusions of the research:

 Participatory education model with grouping of students, presenting the topic of joint design, joint evaluation of group members and scoring the performance of the whole group, as well as using tools such as " time and task schedule", "Article "Reflection" and " ‘‘peer assessment" increase the level of students' interactions and their skills in working with each other and their contribution to the design process, and increase their readiness to face professional challenges in the future. According to the research findings, it was found that the participatory design model in design increases the efficiency, learning capacity, motivation and communication and social skills of students and teaches how to design in a shared design environment.

The Qajar era marks the beginning of the modern age in Iran and Tendency for Farang and European ways has influenced different aspects of Iranian life, especially architecture during this time. Therefore, Bojnourd, which due to its geographical location, has been a destination for representatives of various European countries, has had a great impact on European culture. In this paper, we have tried to study the impact of Farangi and traditional methods on the buildings built during this period by descriptive and analytical methods and library and field studies. for this purpose, a comparison was made between the two building consisting of a time of Mofakham imarat built by the ruler of the city, and a building built by the merchants of Jajarmi imarat. That the results show that given the ruler's connections with the Durbar and foreign governments, the impact of European ways on the buildings built by the ruler is evident in both the decoration and the outline. On the contrary, in the synchronous construction of Jajarmay Hosseinie there is no sign of European ways architecture neither in the outline nor in the decoration. And the overall construction is based on Iranian-Islamic architecture in the desert areas of Iran which could have influenced the architecture of Owner's birthplace in Jajarm city. This study shows that the tendency for European ways and European architecture in Bojnourd at the end of the Qajar period was limited to the buildings built by the ruler as a result of its links with representatives of European countries and the Governmen, at least in three European travelogues and Also, in two trips of Nasser al-Din Shah in late Qajar period, Bojnourd and Bojnourd ruler mentioned.

Mankind is the only being who endeavors to uphold his place in the world by recalling and preserving his historical records. Thus, studying the process of formation of museums as the means to sustain such records could elucidate the viewpoints and reactions of different communities and societies throughout history. This study aims to further probe the historical evolution of museums from two aspects: structural and functional-semantical. It also attempts to find the underlying reason for the differences of museums in each historical era by identifying and studying the indexes related to the subsidiary systems of these two categories. To achieve this goal, a qualitative research approach has been used to study the process of the evolution of museums from the dawn of their appearance to the present time. Data has been gathered through library resources and the type of this data is based on historical, interpretive, and formal grounds. This evolution has been focused on from different aspects. Furthermore, the relation between the demands of the communities in each era and the circumstances of the formation of the museums is studied. The historical categorization has been chosen as one of the most general classification of museums. Subsequently, a comparative study has been attempted between the different selected museums as representatives of each era. The study concludes that the structural and formal alterations of museums since the formation of ancient temples to the present day are deeply influenced by the rhythm of changes in structure, purpose, and audience. With an increase in the pace of alterations, mankind has been more eager to record these changes. What is more, as a reminiscent of history, museums, implementing the means and methods at their disposal, could enrich the process of education and upgrade their role more influential means reaching a wider range of society

With the advent of modernization in Iran and the establishment of the University of Tehran in 1934, and then the gradual formation of the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1940, traditional art and architecture teaching methods changed into new academic methods. In the West, the École des Beaux-Arts pioneered eclectic-traditional architecture in France. In the early twentieth century, the Bauhaus School started working as the School of Art (Modern Art and Architecture Education) in Germany. École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus schools were highly influential in modernizing the architecture education in contemporary Iranian architecture by pushing it towards the approaches in the Western world. Analyzing the samples, this research seeks to investigate the effects of the research independent variable, i.e. processes affecting arts and architecture used in the Faculty of Fine Arts on the dependent variable, i.e. the works of art presented by Educators and graduates of the Faculty of Fine Arts and figures in the Contemporary Architecture of Iran. Thus, this study examines the language of architecture, ideology, concepts, and methods of École des Beaux-Arts, Bauhaus Architecture Schools, and their effects on the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran. Based on a comparativeanalytical realistic approach, thisstudy was conducted through library studies and surveys using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to examine the keywords of École des Beaux-Arts, Bauhaus Architecture Schools and to identify how the perceptions and effects of École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus Architecture Schools help form the architecture in the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran. The results show that the architecture in the Faculty of Fine Arts was a combination of the style of École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus Architecture Schools.

In the contemporary era, the concept of sustainability has become an inclusive paradigm in a variety of fields of human knowledge. In the field of architecture, the concept of sustainability has been one of the most significant discourses through the past few decades due to its multifaceted relationship with the environment, culture, economy and society. This process of architectural impact on sustainability issues has been fundamental and has entered the field of architectural education, resulting in changes in the curriculum and educational approaches. One of the most significant of these approaches is the issue of energy and simulation of buildings, not having yet provided a suitable model for its training despite its complex features. Consequently, this study tends to present an efficient model for using energy simulation to develop the process of sustainable architecture education in Iran, derived from studies conducted in this field and review of global experiences. The present research applies analytical-descriptive method which, considering the researches done with a forward-looking attitude, searches to offer the desired model. The findings of this study primarily specify the classification of issues and impediments to sustainable architecture education, followed by extracting effective parameters in energy simulation training in the process of sustainable architecture education. Ultimately, this research, by considering the experience of using a sample of simulation tools, presents its educational model derived from different parts of the research to develop the position of sustainable architecture education. Principles on which the educational model of this research is based include: taking notice to sustainable architecture education as a paradigm, interactive education, appropriate software education, specialization and continuity of different aspects of outputs due to the multifaceted nature of sustainability.