نشریه سیستم های فازی و کاربردها
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Within the past years, probability and possibility have both been elaborated as two key concepts in formulating the issue of uncertainty in various domains of decision making like pattern recognition. Possibility pays attention to the existing structure of a pattern (or a situation), while the main concern of probability is to emphasize on the problems experienced in the past. When we talk about "structure" the question is how the meaningful components in a pattern (or a situation) may come into existence based on specific models. Accordingly the perception based on possibility takes us to the paint where a set of possibilities with regard to these meaningful components come together to figure out the class identity of the related pattern based on the possibility of the presence of these specific models. In this paper, we try to show how the possibility of a pattern class can be assessed on the ground of the information belonging to its meaningful components which are supposed to come into existence based on specific models. To give a clear image of the proposed approach, recognition of shape patterns that are structural in nature, is taken into consideration.

In this paper, hyper vector spaces, in the sense of Krasner have been studied andVector (pseudo) fuzzy topological hypervector spaces have been introduced, as a generalization of them. In a fuzzy (quasi-)topological hypervector space, we show every its quotient hypervector space by a sub-hypervector space, is again a fuzzy (quasi-)topological hypervector space, and we will discuss its properties.Finally, we introduce the product of two fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces on a specific hyperfield, and show that the product of two fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces is a fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces.Finally, we obtain some important properties of these topological fuzzy topological hypervector spaces.In this paper, hyper vector spaces, in the sense of Krasner have been studied andVector (pseudo) fuzzy topological hypervector spaces have been introduced, as a generalization of them. In a fuzzy (quasi-)topological hypervector space, we show every its quotient hypervector space by a sub-hypervector space, is again a fuzzy (quasi-)topological hypervector space, and we will discuss its properties.Finally, we introduce the product of two fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces on a specific hyperfield, and show that the product of two fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces is a fuzzy quasi-topological hypervector spaces.Finally, we obtain some important properties of these topological fuzzy topological hypervector spaces.

In this paper, our aim is to study the graph associated to a fuzzy hypergroupoids(hypergroup). For a (S, ∘) is a fuzzy hypergroup, we associate a graph Γ_S to S, such that its vertices are the elements of S and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if xαy , where α is a relation on S, with transitive closure α*, is the smallest equivalence relation on S, such that the quotient space(S/ α *, ⊗) is a groupoid (group). We will proceed to study the relationship between algebraic properties of (S, ∘) and graph theoretic properties of graph Γ_S. Finally, we apply the graph Γ_S are advanced in COVID-19 context to modeling this phenomenon.In this paper, our aim is to study the graph associated to a fuzzy hypergroupoids(hypergroup). For a (S, ∘) is a fuzzy hypergroup, we associate a graph Γ_S to S, such that its vertices are the elements of S and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if xαy , where α is a relation on S, with transitive closure α*, is the smallest equivalence relation on S, such that the quotient space(S/ α *, ⊗) is a groupoid (group). We will proceed to study the relationship between algebraic properties of (S, ∘) and graph theoretic properties of graph Γ_S. Finally, we apply the graph Γ_S are advanced in COVID-19 context to modeling this phenomenon.

In this paper , we at first define the general neutrosophic automaton by considering the notion of the neutrosophic set . Then, for the general neutrosophic automaton , we give the notion of assimilation . Then , we present an algorithm to detect the assimilation relationship between two automata and calculate its time complexity . We also show that the union of assimilations on two general neutrosophic automata is itself assimilation between them . In addition , we prove that if there is an assimilation relationship between two general neutrosophic automata , then the language of the two automatons is equal .Next , by considering the largest assimilation between general neutrosophic automata , we present a quotient general neutrosophic automaton and show that this automaton is a minimal general neutrosophic automaton that preserves the language of the automaton . To make the concepts clearer , we give some examples .

The science of data mining has been introduced with the expansion of database systems and the high volume of data stored in these systems, in order to identify useful patterns in the data and help users to make important decisions by providing information. In data mining science, fuzzy set theory has played an important role and has given rise to "fuzzy data mining". Numerous studies have been conducted in the field of fuzzy data mining. In this article, the role of fuzzy topic in decision trees has been studied.Decision trees are one of the most common methods of learning with the observer. But if the data has shortcomings and problems such as confusion, low sample size, low accuracy, personal evaluation, etc., the decision tree will not be efficient enough. In addition, other problems, such as the presence of large continuous or discrete numerical properties, will affect the performance of these trees. In cases where the decision tree fails, an alternative approach is to combine fuzzy logic with decision trees. The result is fuzzy decision trees.It should be noted that unlike classical data mining, fuzzy data mining currently does not have criteria consisting of fuzzy data sets for comparing algorithms.The present article examines the concept of decision trees and fuzzy logic and then defines the combination of these two concepts, the fuzzy decision tree, and discusses its applications and importance.

The main goal of this paper is to present similarity l - algebra and consider the properties of this new algebras. A similarity L - algebra is an L - algebra endowed with a binary operation S that verifies certain additional properties. Also, we study their properties and obtain that the class of all similarity triangle algebras form a variety. Next , we give some properties of the similarity L – algebras. For any L – algebra X , we define X – fuzzy subset and consider the relationship between similarity L – algebras and X – fuzzy subsets.In addition, we introduce and investigate similarity ideals in similarity L - algebras. We consider the properties of similarity ideals by some propositions , theorem and examples . The notion of representable similarity L – algebras and prove (X, S) is representable if and only if any minimal prime ideal is an S-ideal of X. Moreover, we present similarity L -logic (SL), a system of many valued logic. For introduce the notion of similarity L- logics, firstly give some introduction, the formulas, the axioms and the inference rules. The notion of the logic of the similarity L - algebras were introduced to prove their soundness and completeness.

Feature selection is a data preprocessing technique used for high-dimensional data sets before machine learning and data mining algorithms. The feature selection aims to find a minimal and optimal subset of the feature set. This subset includes valuable features while not including redundant ones. To do this, many current feature selection methods require the entire feature at first, and if a new feature is added to the feature set in the future, the algorithm must be run from the beginning. However, it is impossible to get all the features in many real-world applications or even wait for them. Therefore, online feature selection methods are provided for such issues that the entire feature space is not available at first. This paper presents an online feature selection method using the concept of Choquet fuzzy integral. This method first evaluates feature flows based on several filter criteria. Then, based on the Choquet operator, their results are combined, and decisions are made to preserve or ignore the feature. In the evaluation step, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with six online feature selection methods based on two categories. The proposed method is based on the results obtained in five real-world datasets that achieve about two percent improvement over similar methods based on classification accuracy and F-Score criteria. Also, due to the simple calculations in the process of the proposed method, the evaluation of features is done in a short time.

Using the concept of soft sets, as well as the concepts of fuzzy sets and rough sets, is one way to solve problems that deal with uncertainty. The effect of this idea on algebraic structures has led to the different types of soft algebraic structures that have been studied by many authors. In particular, in the last decade, soft algebraic hyperstructures have been considered by some researchers, some of them have been mentioned in references.The aim of this paper is the study of algebraic structure of SE(V), the set of soft vectors over a hypervector space V. In this regard, at first by introducing a natural operation and a suitable external hyperoperation, structure of a hypervector space is given to the mentioned set. Then, using the concept of linear transformation, the relationship between hypervector spaces and their corresponding set of soft vectors is briefly studied. Finally, by presenting the concept of soft norm on the obtained hypervector space, its correlation with normal norm and soft meter on V is investigated. In particular, each parameter family of norms on hypervector space V induces a soft norm on hypervector space SE(V), as well as every norm on V induces a soft norm on SE(V). Also, any soft normed hypervector space is a soft metric space, and each soft meter on the hypervector space SE(V) induces a normal meter on it.

The rapid growth of emerging technologies in business has increased the importance of entrepreneurship and the creation of new and innovative businesses. Therefore, the role of entrepreneurs as a key element in societies that have a significant impact on productivity, innovation, employment and economic and social growth and development, is increasingly important. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting agricultural entrepreneurship and related businesses. For this purpose, a review of previous studies and interviews with experts in the field of entrepreneurship, economics and owners of agricultural businesses in Kerman province, a set of components of agricultural entrepreneurship were extracted. Then, data and statistics were collected and analyzed using questionnaire tools and statistical software Excel, Spss and Expert choice. The method used was fuzzy hierarchical analysis due to uncertainty in the answers. Therefore, triangular fuzzy numbers have been used to weigh the opinions of experts and determine the weight of criteria and options. Finally, based on the pairwise comparison matrix, internal and external factors affecting agricultural entrepreneurship were identified and prioritized. The results of the study indicate that the development of entrepreneurship needs to improve the physical infrastructure, and appropriate social and cultural contexts, upgrade educational and research systems, improve administrative and financial structures and institutional and legal support. Finally, by formulating appropriate strategies, an effective step has been taken to improve entrepreneurship, develop agricultural businesses and develop the agricultural sector of Kerman province.

Today the competitive position of organizations is defined according to the capabilities, skills, and knowledge embedded in their organizational processes. The business processes are one of the key assets of organizations. However, the lack of available resources and simultaneously the differences between processes from different aspects, indicate the need for prioritization of improvement projects in organizations. These differences are expressed in various aspects such as output value, level of impact in the organization, complexity, and the time and capital required for improvement projects. To analyze the processes from these aspects, it is often necessary to obtain the experts’ judgments. For this purpose, the present study employs the fuzzy hierarchical process based on a combination of hesitant fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets. This approach has been applied in the Markazi electricity power Distribution Company. The proposed approach provides a flexible structure to obtain the experts’ opinions and the uncertainty and ambiguity embedded in these opinions. Meanwhile, it provides an organizational group decision-making process without simplifying and reducing the complexity of verbal judgments. The results indicate the high priority of these business processes to implement the improvement projects: the operation and maintenance of the power distribution network, the construction, and development of the distribution network, and the financial management process.

In this paper, first (by the notions which defined,) we get some new properties and characterizations in MV-modules. We show that there exits an one to one corresponding between P-prime A-ideals of an A-module M and P_S –prime A_S-ideals of M_S, where S is a closed subset of A and P is a prime ideal of A such that P⋂S=∅. After that we introduced some new notions like subsets (N:_M a), (N:_M I) and by them we find new characterizations for prime A-ideals. We proved that a proper A-ideal N of an A-module M is a prime A-ideal, if and only if for any a∈A\(N:_A M), (N:_M a)=N. Also, we defined the notions S-closed subset and saturated subset of A-modules and find some characterizations for them. We show that for multiplicative closed subset S of A and S-closed subset S^* of a finitely generated A-module M, if N is an A-ideal of M which is maximal in 〖M\S〗^* and the ideal (N:M) is maximal in A\S, then N is a prime A-ideal of M such that ( N_S∶_(A_S ) M_S )=(N:_A M)_S.

Blockchain is defined as an infallible global digital ledger that can be used in any data recording operation which means the storage of transactions. Decentralization, disreputability, security, transparency, immutability and anonymity are the features of this new technology. Cryptocurrencies and specially bitcoin are the most important and successful applications of blockchain. Bitcoin is the first successful and practical implementation of the blockchain. The innovation of the Bitcoin developer was that it created a way to decentralize financial transactions using the blockchain, and then thousands of other cryptocurrencies were created on the platform of the blockchain with changes in this basic structure. By using this technology, the possibility of cheating, spending money twice, and returning financial transactions recorded in the network is eliminated. During the development of cryptocurrencies, the second generation of the blockchain emerged which is named Ethereum. Ethereum was specially created to decentralize all operations and processes, and also Smart contracts are consequent from it. The purpose of Ethereum designer is to use a distributed ledger to store contracts. In this article, a complete overview of the important topics of blockchain is provided, and three main parts are: basic concepts, Ethereum network and introduction of some projects carried out in this field.