فصلنامه روش شناسی علوم انسانی
پیاپی 111 (تابستان 1401)

The so−called "Social Sciences" today inherit the Scottish and French philosophical tradition. Classical German philosophers referred to what their French counterparts understood as the social sciences, under the headings "Historical Science", "Geisteswissenschaften" or "Moral Sciences". All of this predates the so−called "Moral Philosophy". All of this shows the difference in perspective that these views have taken on the nature of human. From the point of view of Wilhelm Dilthey, the Human Sciences are Historical Sciences because he understood human as a historical being. On the other hand, others, because they considered human as a Voluntary creature, therefore, portrayed the field of Human Sciences as the realm of will and morality. Gadamer, therefore, consider Human Science to be the legacy of Aristotelian Phronesis. From the point of view of this article, although the focus on Aristotelian Practical Wisdom cannot bring much to Human Sciences, but another period of Practical Wisdom has been formed in the space of Muslim thinkers, which, in addition to preserving the name of Practical Wisdom, has changed its identity in general. That was the cornerstone of the law of human action in the knowledge of Practical Wisdom; A universal law that promoted practical wisdom from the study of the virtuous to the knowledge of recognizing the human world and the world of morality, and thus established itself as the great ancestor of the Human Sciences.

"Must" and "Is" and the relationship between them has always been the main subject in traditional and even modern philosophies. In the last century, this subject has gone from philosophy to sociology of science and has researched the collective and scientific life of researchers and scientists as a concrete subject. In these reflections, contrary to the philosophical view which mainly seeks the independence and purity of science from non−science and considers the idea of pure science in the world of ideas or in the mind’s scientists or in the realm of immutable and fix "entities", this eternal and fixed entities have given way to temporal, spatial, and social entities, and thus a different kind of relationship has emerged; A relationship that has led to different Must. This has led to a major shift in methodological considerations and philosophical and sociological analyzes of research topics, including methodology of science and standard epistemology. In this article, after mentioning a brief history of the relationship between these two categories in traditional philosophy, we try to point out the semantic changes and methods that have occurred in the relationship between them, especially in the sociology of science and knowledge in modern times.

Investigating and finding the cause of the emergence of states and their decline and fall has been one of the most important issues for thinkers. One of these thinkers is Ibn Khaldun, a Muslim thinker of the eighth century who, after extensive historical studies, presented his theory under the title of new construction science. This theory can explain the rise and fall of past states. But can this theory also explain the rise and fall of contemporary states? In response, it can be said that despite the fact that the indicators (factors) set by Ibn Khaldun about the rise and fall of states, which were formulated with a realistic view, were trans−temporal and are still used today, However, considering the change of zealotry and the emergence of new zealotry, as well as the role of international organizations and foreign states, as well as new technologies, especially the media, in the emergence, stability and fall of states, this theory should be revised to apply this theory. And more realistically provide the rise and fall of contemporary states based on this theory.

The purpose of this article is to study and explain the position of philosophy of knowledge in the knowledge of the organization and management with emphasis on the ontology of the organization from the perspective of Islamic philosophy. Philosophical issues are considered as one of the foundations in influencing the knowledge of the organization and management. Epistemology, ontology and anthropology are among the important issues in philosophy that play a decisive role in the method, content and orientation of management and organization issues. By acknowledging this role, Islamic philosophy, as an alternative to other philosophies, in its consideration of issues in this field, can have a potential impact on the knowledge of management and organization. To answer this effect, with an exploratory approach and in a rational way, the obligatory implications of the views of Muslim philosophers by referring to their sources (with emphasis on Allameh Tabatabai's credit theory), the ontology of the organization and related management knowledge are discussed.

The concept of dialogue has recently been considered by some social researchers. Citing the views of Martin Buber, Mikhail Bakhtin, and David Boehm, these researchers place a high value on dialogue in social research. They criticize the disregard for dialogue and call for a paradigm shift in the social sciences. However in practice Research conducted with a dialogical approach only use the guidelines of dialogue theorists when interviewing their participants. Thus, these researches have reduced the position of dialogue from a new paradigm to a research tool and technique. In this article, first, the theories of experts in the field of dialogue are examined. Then the consequences of the claims of these thinkers in the field of social research are formulated. And a new design of a dialogical research is presented a plan based on which the whole research (and not just a part of it) is considered as a continuous dialogue which is valuable and should be included in the research report.

Virtual social networks play a very important role in social change, especially changes in the structural and emotional relationships of the family. But predicting these changes is very important today. But what method can be used to predict structural changes in the family? This study intends to introduce one of these methods, which is a subset of artificial intelligence, called artificial neural network and as an example to show its effectiveness in predicting the relationships of families affected by virtual social networks. Therefore, the research question is formulated in such a way that by what method or methods can the consequences of the impact of virtual social networks on family relationships be predicted? Since this research is a quantitative research, data collection was done by a questionnaire and the research model was operational. The research model is a fuzzy field statistical model. The result of the research is the prediction of four types of committed, unsuccessful, incompatible and broken families, which were shown on the fuzzy spectrum as follows: Committed family: 75 to 100%; Unsuccessful family: 50 to 75%; Incompatible family 25 to 50 percent and broken family 0 to 25 percent.