مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1401)

The growing trend of elderly population makes it necessary to consider their physical, social, mental health and life quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate their life quality and its relationship with socio-economic situation in Sanandaj.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 400 the elderly in Sanandaj in 2020. The stratified random sampling method was used and the data collection tool was the SF-36 Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent T-test and analysis of variance.

The highest and lowest average quality of life was in the dimensions of mental health and in the subscales of social functioning (89.53 ± 14.68) and emotional functioning (28.39 ± 43.36), respectively. The socio-economic status of the elderly had a relationship with the life quality subscales such as physical function (p ˂ 0.001), dysfunction due to physical health (p < 0.001), physical pain (p = 0.04), emotional function (p ˂ 0.001), and vitality (p <0.001). Also, marital status (p ˂ 0.001), employment (p ˂ 0.001) and income (p = 0.004) of the elderly had a significant relationship with the life quality subscales

Improving the life quality of the elderly requires financial and spiritual support of public and private organizations and institutions. By allocating subsidized support, improving the quality of housing, the inclusion of social security insurance and retirement of the elderly, as well as creating various recreational and sports programs, steps can be taken to improve the socio-economic status of the elderly and their quality of life.

Social mobilization and community partnerships are required for identification and solving health problems in the Corona epidemic. Community participation is a fundamental component of community health and development programs. A renewed emphasis on the importance of community participation improves global public health. The aim of the present study was to explore effect the community engagement component via educating the people for the people during the COVID-19 outbreak. 

In this qualitative study, data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews whit 18 participants including health system experts and involved in the field of public participation of Ahvaz city, who were selected through purposive sampling of the type of maximum variety. The content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The analysis tool in this study was MAXQDA18 software. Contributors surveyed to ensure that the data were acceptable. Reviewers carried out confirmation of findings. The accuracy and robustness of the data were confirmed by Lincoln and Guba standards.

Data analysis resulted in the extraction of 336 primary codes, which were classified into six main subthemes: the concept of public knowledge sharing practices, the benefits of social participation in education, strategies to increase social participation, tactics for attracting social participation, problems and barriers to weakening social participation, and facilitators that influence social participation.

The result of this study was the achievement of strategies and tactics to engage people in education, which can be used by decision-makers and other stakeholders

COVID-19 is a contagious respiratory infection. Due to the resistance of new virus variants to existing vaccines, the best way is to adopt preventive behaviors. But most people don’t follow them. Understanding the factors affecting people's decision making in adherence to behaviors is essential. Constructs of models can be effective in predicting behavior. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the Predictive factors of adopting COVID-19 Preventive behaviors by using the health belief model.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted by cross-sectional method in 1400 among 500 Urmia citizens who were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire with four sections including demographic variables, items of knowledge, constructs of health belief model and COVID-19 Preventive behaviors. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression in SPSS software.

The mean and standard deviation of preventive behaviors was 22.37 ± 3.22. It was also shown that among the constructs of the HBM, self-efficacy, knowledge, cues to action, benefits, and barriers were predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Overall, these variables, along with demographic characteristics could predict 47% of behavioral changes.

In designing educational interventions, special emphasis should be placed on the self-efficacy construct as the most important predictor of adopting COVID-19 preventive behaviors among citizens.

Citizenship education is one of the most important and challenging tasks of educational systems, so that in many countries around the world, this activity is a large part of the concerns of education officials. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of rational practice on citizenship skills of high school male students in Assadabad.

This study was a randomized controlled trial performed on 150 high school male students, in Assadabad in 2020-2021. Sampling was cluster sampling and students were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (75 people in each group). Data collection instrument was a questionnaire with the three sections including demographic variables, knowledge, theory of reasoned action constructs. The data were collected three months after educational intervention.

Based on the results of the study; Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of variables of knowledge, attitude, abstract norms and behavioral intention (p <0.05), But three months after the educational intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge score and each of the structures of theory of rational action (p = 0.001), While in the control group no significant difference was observed (p <0.05).

Based on the results of the study, the theory of resoned action can be used as a suitable theoretical framework for designing and implementing educational interventions in schools.  Therefore, emphasis is placed on considering citizenship education in the formal education of schools and strategic planning of education officials.

Cutaneous leishmaniosis is a public health problem in many tropical regions of the country which is of great importance due to the formation of lesions on the body of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on BASNEF model on the control of cutaneous leishmaniosis in high school students in Dehloran in 2021. 

The present study was performed as an intervention method with a control group on 100 high school students in Dehloran city, who were included in the study by random cluster sampling. Data collection tool was a standard Ghodsi questionnaire consisting of 36 questions based on knowledge and constructs of BASNEF model (individual beliefs, normative beliefs, abstract norms, enabling factors, behavioral beliefs, intentional behavior and behavior). The results were analyzed using Spss 23 software by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance. 

The findings of multivariate analysis of variance in post-test and follow-up were significant (P value ≤ 0.05) for all four tests: Pillais Trace, Wilks Lambda, Hotelling's, Trace Roy's Largest Root. The results of analysis of variance after controlling the effect of pre-test indicate the effect of intervention on all components in the post-test (P value ≤ 0.05).  But findings of behavioral beliefs, intentional behavior and behavior not significant (P value≥ 0.05) in the follow-up period.

The findings of the present study showed that the implementation of educational interventions based on health promotion models can have a significant impact on the success of leishmaniasis prevention and control programs

Evaluating the effectiveness of various in-service training methods is essential in order to achieve the desired goals and reduce costs in any organization. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of traditional education and e-learning (distance learning) on health workers in Noor city regarding waste management in 1999 based on the Kirk Patrick model. 

The present study was performed by quasi-experimental method in 80 health centers of Noor city. 100 participants in the study were randomly divided into two groups of traditional education and distance education on waste management education. Outcome assessment was performed using the first two levels of the Kirk Patrick model using a questionnaire and test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test, independent t-test and linear regression by SPSS software.  

The results of the paird t-test showed the effect of both methods on improving the learning rate (Pvalue≤0.05) of the respondents regarding rural waste management. The findings of the independent samples t test showed that there was no statistically significant difference (Pvalue≥0.05) between the satisfaction score with a mean difference of 0.1 and the learning rate of health workers with a mean difference of 0.02 in the two groups. The results of linear regression test showed that the level of literacy had a statistically significant relationship (Pvalue≤0.05 = β = 0.30) but about the age, there was no statistically significant relationship (Pvalue≥0.05) with the amount of learning. 

 Traditional and e-learning methods had a similar effect on health workers' learning in the field of waste management. Therefore, it is necessary that in-service training programs for community health workers, use e-learning methods in combination with other methods for their professional improvement.

In hairdressers, for various reasons, the potential for transmission and spread of infectious diseases is high. On the other hand, adopting preventive behaviors is one of the main ways to control and prevent these diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of preventive behaviors against the common acute respiratory viral infections based on the constructs of Extended Protection Motivation Theory among the female hairdressers in Urmia.

In the present cross-sectional study, 400 female hairdressers were entered by multi-stage sampling method. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing of two sections. The first section was demographic information and the second section was questions related to the Extended Protection Motivation Theory constructs about the common acute respiratory viral infections. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software.

Perceived self-efficacy (β=0.348, p<0.001), response costs (β=-0.169, p=0.002), perceived severity (β=0.168, p=0.002), protection motivation (β=0.140, p=0.041), and knowledge (β=0.124, p=0.005), respectively the most power, were predictors of preventive behaviors against the common acute respiratory viral infections. Extended Protection Motivation Theory constructs explained about 37% of the variance of preventive behaviors against the common acute respiratory viral infections among the female hairdressers in Urmia.

Constructs of perceived self-efficacy, response costs, perceived severity, protection motivation, and knowledge can be used to develop and implement educational interventions related to the promotion of preventive behaviors against the common acute respiratory viral infections among the female hairdressers in Urmia.

It is necessary to have a suitable tool for measuring the tendency to use the Covid-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire among health care workers of a hospital in Tehran, Iran. 

This is an instrumentation type of methodological. Fifty-six questions were considered as the items of the questionnaire. For testing the validity, the face validity and content validity were used in correspondence with 10 experts’ opinions. Reliability check was performed through the Cronbach's alpha and test- retest. Finally, the structural validity was evaluated with 474 subjects.

The results showed that the scales of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire have an appropriate face validity for all items with an impact score higher than 1.5 and an appropriate content validity ratio in the range of 0.70 and a sufficient content validity index in the range of 0.73 to 087. Also, it had an acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) in the range of 0.87 to 0.96. Also, the reliability of the test-retest ranged from 0.68 to 0.92. For the structural validity, 8 factors were selected with a factor value higher than 0.4. Also, in the confirmatory section of the factors an acceptable goodness of fit index (GFI) (Range from 0.91 to 0.98) and the root mean square error in the range of 0.33 to 0.49 was achieved. In total, four questions were removed in the content validity ratio review stage and one question was removed in the content validity index review stage.

The results of this study showed that the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire has sufficient validity and reliability and is a suitable tool for evaluating the health staff’s tendency towards vaccination. Ultimately, this questionnaire was approved with 8 factors (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, ‌self-efficacy, knowledge and behavior) and 51 questions.