نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، تابستان 1401)

Part of the current issues related to mobility in urban spaces goes back to the definition and measurement of mobility. Mobility is the capacity to be mobile. Regarding that capacity relates to the individual's mind or the built environment, mobility is defined differently.

This study aims to review the theories related to mobility and thus provide a theoretical and operational framework for measuring mobility in urban spaces.

In this regard, the Content analysis method has been used to analyze the data in phases of Preparation, Organization, and classification.

The results of content analysis show that these theories can be divided into three categories of subjectivist, environmentalist, and pluralist theories; Subjective theories focus on the mental nature of mobility and regard mobility as a function of individuals' habits, attitudes, motivations, and norms; In contrast, environmentalist theories pay special attention to the impact of environmental factors such as density, land use mix, and accessibility on the mobility of individuals. Pluralist theories consider citizens' differences according to their personal characteristics and situation, and therefore consider diversity and difference effective in mobility and involve them in the evaluation and measurement process.

The study of the factors affecting mobility shows that mobility is a complex and multilevel concept that is influenced by many factors; therefore, if urban planners want to improve the urban mobility system, they must pay special attention to the role of all these factors and the relationships between them.

Based on external factors affecting creativity, and since creativity is a practice that is learned from the environment and is influenced by environmental conditions, the educational environment as a container in which teaching and learning takes place is very important in teaching and fostering creativity. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial qualities affecting students 'creativity in the educational environment from the students' point of view and its analysis based on a review of theoretical foundations.

  The Conventionat qualitative Content Analysis method and MAXQDA software have been selected as the analysis tool to analyze the data obtained from semi-structured interviews with students and to compile spatial components affecting creativity.

The research findings have identified seven spatial qualities including stimulation, flexibility, connection with nature, diversity of behavioral domains, unity, comfort and sensory richness as effective components on the emergence, promotion and continuity of creativity and their explanatory characteristics.

The results show that creativity is not a function of specific time and place and predetermined needs, and people prefer quality based on their specific moods and needs for each stage of the creative process. What is important here is the existence of a wide range of environmental capabilities that can meet the needs of students in navigating the creative process. An environment that can allow them curiosity, ideation, thinking, interaction, initiative, fluidity, flexibility and other components of creativity.

after epistemological collapse of rational-technocratic planning which resulted in professional collapse, urban planning theory have got new capacity to study the sociological urban changes and analyze the influence of different discourses on constructing urban spaces. Based on this postmodern understanding of urban planning as a main product of historical challenges in “theology-gender” field of contemporary Iran, urban space seems to be the ground of conflicts between two forces: feminine social force VS theology of gender governance.

after literature review of planning theory evolution in past decades, this paper is going to study Ne’matollah Fazeli’s theory of “feminization of city” in the context of theological discourses of governing gender urban spaces, after Islamic revolution 1979.  

from the perspective of theology of urban planning, it looks that we should segregate between two different discourses in revolution: Veiling and Piety; the former traditional discourse willing to hold women at home out of masculine public sphere while the latter, revolutionary discourse advocates of women political participation in a respectful, cleaned from sexual harassments.

Iranian urban space from a gender sensitive view is construction of contestation between these two discourses of veiling VS piety, embedded by two different forces of feminization of urban spaces and patriarchal reaction. A prominent example is the Holy Shrine in Mashhad which includes two opposite spaces: in the new build hall of “Imam Khomeini Ravaagh” we confront an unsegregated space of male and female attendance, while the old part of Holy Shrine is the chambers assigned for men, making walls to veil women from the main part.

Today, after the experience of the corona epidemic for many experts, the impact of urban development programs on the spread of the virus has been proven that new theories in architecture and urban planning regarding the corona pandemic situation can provide suitable solutions for designers.

It is based on analytical and descriptive studies and has been compiled based on mutual relations and comparisons between independent variables and new theories in architecture and urban planning in relation to the corona pandemic situation and related variables.

The dense development of cities and the high communication of people with each other due to the dense urban life, make the ways of breaking the virus distribution chain more difficult. Therefore, the resilience of cities, despite being ignored in the development phase, is very important in times of crisis. Factors such as housing pattern, use of local institutions, neighborhood-based urban planning, public arena, urban transportation, small and local business acquisition and smart infrastructure such as the development of e-urban services are very influential in the spread of infectious diseases in cities and metropolises. The prevalence of COVID-19 suggests potential new pattern changes that are likely to change our development patterns, particularly in both the construction and environmental sectors. Epidemic has been the most significant disruption of human activity in a generation. For many designers, it has been a time to refocus and rethink how products, buildings and cities are designed.

In recent years, the study of the concepts of resilience in different urban areas at different scales has attracted special attention, although the level and number of these studies are very small. Especially in the city of Tehran, which has entered the modern period from traditionl period ,the issue can be considered.

in the current research , first through library studies in the filed, items related to physical , environmental and social resilience in residential complexes were extracted.then, in these complexes, there are many modes of this type of resilience , which can be achieved by studying and classifying them to the degree of desirability of these complexes. the case study ,studied in this research is kOI No bonyad residential complex, because it is very popular despite the fact that it was built a long time ago .this research is done with interpretive method and in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis. questionnaire, which was distributed among the residents of this complex to measure the level of physical -environmental and social resilience.

from the findings of this research , it can be seen tha ASP foundation complex(ASP towers)has high level of resilience despite its high construction year.

with the investigation done, the patterns used in the complex, which caused its durability , popularity and high resilience , can be used in the design of modern residential complexes so that we can have lasting buildings.

The Covied-19 Pandemic showed the vulnerability of cities in their current state and revealed one of the strongest stimuli for the need for radical rethinking in Urban Planning. One of the theoretical approaches that has been considered by many cities in developed countries is the 15-Minute City Approach. density, proximity to complementary and consistent functions are its basic principles.

The purpose of this article is to study the concept of a 15-Minute City, identify the components of achieving it and feasibility study of the adaptation this approach in Iranian cities as a post-pandemic urban planning approach. As a case study, Mehrshahr, Karaj has been studied.

It is applied research that is applied descriptive-analytical method. In the analysis of access to index uses, the analysis of the pedestrian network in GIS software was used and using SWOT and QSPM techniques to determine and prioritize strategies for future development. The study area in the direction of the city was 15 Minutes.

The lack of functional diversity (vacuum in educational, religious and medical uses) and the lack of path continuity and very poor flooring for pedestrians are important issues in this area to adapt to the 15-Minute City approach.

Ensuring the safety and security of pedestrians and cyclists, providing infrastructure and services required for pedestrians and cyclists, applying the principles of mixed and multiple land use and balanced distribution of services are the most important strategies proposed.

The purpose of this article is to address the issue of Qazvin Space Organization in the Safavid period with the approach of cultural studies.

The present study has been carried out with the approach of cultural studies and exploratory-documentary method, with the aim of describing and interpreting the historical data of Qazvin city in the Safavid period and its analysis. In this regard, first-hand sources, documents were collected, studied and analyzed. In parallel with the library studies, field surveys were conducted and the signs were surveyed and studied.

In the present study, three views result from the approach of cultural studies, namely: 1- Regulation of the city- 2- Homogeneity and heterogeneity of neighborhoods and 3- Use of urban spaces and their rational concepts in the analysis of Qazvin spatial organization used during the Safavid capital it placed. The result of the research indicates that the structural changes of Qazvin city in the Safavid period in accordance with the newly created culture and is closely related to a set of several factors, including the "space" dimension which is a subset. It regulates the city, it plays a more prominent role, and because it is expressed through the body and by the designers, it is more tangible, and the other dimensions are related to it.

The "space" originated from the power of the government at that time in the city of Qazvin and the royal complex was not just an urban design but a tool to achieve political, economic and religious goals and the city's culture is based on the same structure. Has appeared.