مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 71 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401)

The present study intends to design a value model for professional players in the Iranian Football Premier League. The present study has been done with exploratory nature and with the aim of expanding the existing knowledge and understanding about capabilities in the field of football. Three overlapping processes in the structural analysis of data-based theory are: primary, centralized, and theoretical coding. In the implementation of the research, data collection and analysis was done consciously simultaneously and the initial data were collected in order to form the process of continuous data collection. Participants included people familiar with the Iranian professional football field, who were purposefully selected. Based on the findings in this stage of the research, out of about 220 sentences implemented from the interviews, after removing duplicate and unrelated items, about 109 primary codes were identified and marked by the researcher in the first stage. In centralized coding, it was divided into 7 categories. Finally, at the highest level of reduction or brevity, the categories of construction were reduced to three general categories of equity, requirements and market value of a player, which in the most desirable way, integrated the concepts created in the research into three levels. The final price or value of a football player in the Iranian Premier League in the transfer market is determined based on the player's special values, requirements and institutions and its consequences.

The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the factors affecting corruption in sports organizations in the country. The research method was meta-analysis. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted in the field of factors affecting corruption in sports organizations in the country in the period 2008 to 2019. From the statistical population, 12 studies that met the criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected as a research sample through the census method. A total of 45 factors were extracted from the sample research and classified into nine main categories: economic status, organizational characteristics, cultural characteristics, laws and regulations, individual characteristics, causal factors, underlying factors, interfering factors and other factors and intered into meta-analysis process. Hedges g index was used to calculate the effect size. Due to the existence of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (p <0.001, df = 44, Q= 2915/24), the results of the random effects model were considered. The average size of the combined effect in the random effects model for the factors influencing corruption in sports was 0.94, which was significant at the level of 0.001 and according to cohen's classification, the size of the effect is large. The results of duval and tweedie methods showed that there is no diffusion bias error. Finally, the results of meta-analysis for subgroups showed that economic factors with an effect size of 1.51 had the greatest impact on corruption in sport organizations and by solving the economic problems of the employees, most of the corruption can be controlled.

The purpose of this study was to design a strategic innovation model in sports businesses using the grounded theory. The research method was analytical and qualitative methodology was used for this purpose. The research strategy was to use grounded theory. Participants in the study were 16 people including professors of sports management and sports managers of organizations and the sampling strategy was targeted in the qualitative part with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. Interview content and coding were used to analyze the data. The research tool was open interview and the results were analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings showed that the presentation of innovative ideas, entrepreneurial policy and innovative opportunities as causal factors by considering contextual conditions such as innovative infrastructure, business model and plans and causal conditions including Environmental, legal, economic and supportive factors affect strategic innovation. It seems that factors such as entrepreneurial policy along with the existence of innovative opportunities and therefore the ability to present innovative ideas, along with the existence of innovation infrastructure, the existence of an innovative culture in society, laws and other environmental factors can pave the way for Provide the movement of sports businesses towards strategic innovation.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prices of Iranian professional soccer league players, as well as to compare the regression methods and neural networks in predict that. The research method was mixed exploratory designs, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative sector consisted of managers, coaches of clubs and experts familiar with the field of player buying and selling that fourteen people were selected by snowball method until reaching the saturation point. The statistical population in the quantitative section also included all footballers present in the Persian Gulf Football Professionals League in the years 2017-2018, which 226 of them were selected by Cochran formula and selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument in qualitative method included in-depth interview with statistical sample whose reliability was calculated 81% through test-retest method. The data needed for quantitative analysis were also collected from reputable sites and the Iranian Football League. Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression and radial neural networks were used to predict and design the model using SPSS software version 21 and R version 3.6.2. Qualitative research findings showed that player performance, personal characteristics, abilities, club characteristics and bubble-generating factors are effective in determining the price of football players. The results indicated that, despite the benefits of regression methods in predicting problems, because of the multifaceted and complex pricing of soccer players, artificial neural network models would cover more variables and be more efficient and accurate.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for implementing the strategies of the Iranian Football Federation with a balanced scorecard method. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. The research data were collected in a field and in a mixed manner (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the quantitative section, including federation officials and football delegations and managers of the country's first level football clubs, was 75 people (and in the qualitative section 12 football experts). The research questionnaire was to determine the perspectives of the strategies. To analyze the data, a small percentage of the frequency and in the qualitative part of the experts' opinions, logical induction method and strategic council meetings were used. The findings showed that in national football, five perspectives There is finance, localization, customer, internal processes, and growth and learning. 33 strategic goals and 36 metrics were determined, and 39 actions and initiatives were developed. Qualitative empowerment of human resources in the perspective of growth and learning will facilitate the realization of perspective strategies of processes and will help the authorities to calculate the indicators and standards of professional football and design and implement the native model of professional football. With the strategic goals, measures and initiatives of the Football Federation in perspective In addition to the implementation of strategy, it is capable of creating the ground for the realization of the long-term goals of the country's football.

The purpose of this study was to validate and standardize sport product advertising questionnaire using social media. The research method was a descriptive correlational one which, in terms of practical purpose, exploratory in nature, and field collection method. The statistical population of this study consisted of athletes from different fields of sport (N = 1600), out of whom 311 were selected as statistical sample using Morgan table. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire, consisting of 70 questions with a 5-point Likert scale (very low to very high), with structural and creative components of advertising, information and awareness, customer relationship, customer service, factors Environmental, individual factors, usage constraints, applied constraints, branding and accreditation, customer interaction, capacity building, socio-cultural and sociological development, marketing-economic development and purchasing and competitive advantage were used. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used for data analysis using SPSS software version 25 and Amos version 24 software. The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7. Based on the results of factor analysis, causal indices, contextual factors, confounding factors, strategies and outcomes were identified, and the model was well-fitted.

The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting intellectual property in sport. The purpose of this study was to use a descriptive-survey method in terms of collecting data because of no manipulation of variables and factors and based on the research approach. The statistical community of the qualitative section of this research was elite and experts in the field of sport management in the country and the domain of intellectual property. In the quantitative part, some researchers and inventors of the field of sport were added to the statistical society. The tool of this research was questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Electricity method was used to rank the factors. All data analysis process was performed using the Sulur Electric Software. The results of this study showed that 20 factors were identified as factors affecting the improvement of intellectual property in the field of sport. With regard to the results of the method of electrification, it has been determined that the establishment of specialized offices throughout the country to improve intellectual property in sport with a domination of 19 is the most important factor affecting the improvement of intellectual domination in sport.

The main purpose of this study was determining the model of the factors influencing the sustainable development of traditional sports tourism. The research was applied-developed type that design as Sequential-Exploratory form. Population size were 45subject in qualitative phase (Delphi method) and in quantitative phase, consist of 500 of managers and experts of corresponding organization in sport tourism industry. The research instrument, was a 50 item research-made questionnaire that regulated based on qualitative (theoretical saturation) and quantitative phases. After confirmation of contextual and visual validity of the questioner, the internal reliability was confirmed in experimental study by Cronbach's alphah method (α=0.81). To data analysis, Lisrel software and exploratory factor analysis used. Based confirmatory factor analysis, the results indicated significant effect of all items of 8 scales on domestic eco-sport tourism development (β>0.4, p≤0.05). Domestic sport – environmental attractions scale (β=0.78), infrastructure (β= 0.77) and Policy and management of environmental (β= 0.72) had the highest load factor. Therefor base of results, researcher suggest that coordination should be built among tourism organizations in the governmental sectors, active local institutions in tourist areas should be founded and strategic union of domestic sports tourism among the Golestan provinces should be founded to introduce this high-potential geographical area as the premium brand in sports tourism and the focal point in domestic sports ecotourism nationally and internationally.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of recreation specialization on place attachment in amateur athletes. The present research was an applied-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all amateur athletes who had a membership record in Enghelab Sports Complex. The sample size was determined using PASS. The respondents were selected based on convenience sampling method and questionnaires were distributed among them. Finally, a total of 334 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The required data were collected using McFarlane’s recreation specialization questionnaire (1994) and place attachment questionnaire (Kyle et al., 2005). A pilot study was also conducted in order to evaluate the construct validity and the results showed that the KMO for sampling adequacy and Cronbach’s alpha of questionnaires were equal to 0.917 and 0.951, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS-25 and Smart PLS-3. In addition, 20% of variance of place attachment can be predicted by recreation specialization. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, the impact of recreation specialization on place attachment of amateur athletes was adequately fitted (SRMR=0.071). According to the findings of the research, it is recommended that in sports-recreational places, the place attachment and place identity of the athletes considered by the managers. On the other hand, Improving the sports and recreation places in terms of numbers and facilities will increase the participation of specialized recreation activities.

The purpose of this study was to identify the key factors affecting the brand internationalization of Iranian football clubs and design a framework for a better understanding of this issue. This survey enjoys an exploratory and qualitative nature, having used the grounded theory method. The research population included experts in the field of football and sport. For sampling, targeted methods and snowball technique were used. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview and this work continued to reach the concept of theoretical saturation, and interviews were conducted with 32 experts from the football industry. The stages of qualitative data analysis were accomplished in the form of three open, axial, and selective coding steps. In the first stage, 139 final open codes were obtained, in the second stage, open codes were categorized to the 17 axial codes including brand, management, team, communication, hard power, soft power, industry, customers, competitors, political environment, economic environment, social and cultural environment, technological environment, geographical and natural environment, national infrastructure and international prestige. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the internationalization of the brand of Iranian football clubs could be divided into three internal environment, intermediate environment and external environment. Furthermore, internationalization of the brand of football clubs in Iran is the result of interaction, communication and feedback of these three the environments together, that have been introduced in the conceptual framework of environments that affect the internationalization of football clubs’ brand.

the main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the consequences of covid 19 on organizations supporting sports clubs in Iran. This study is based on a practical purpose and in terms of how to collect data in the field of descriptive survey studies. The analysis approach in this study was mixed and combined with qualitative and quantitative methods. Identification of the results was done through semi-structured interviews with sports management professors based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The validity and reliability of the 14 interviews were confirmed using the relative content validity indicators and Cape Cohen, respectively. Priority was given to identifying the consequences using data from questionnaires collected from senior managers of brands supporting the Iranian Football Premier League. In order to make it possible to conduct a small-scale study using a targeted non-probabilistic sampling method, 30 managers were selected as experts. The results of the coding of the interview data using Atlas ti software led to the identification of 12 main categories and 54 sub-categories. Priority was given to identifying the consequences using the triangular fuzzy method. The results showed that, respectively, poor financial performance, changes in cultural values, legal issues, changes in marketing strategies and issues related to manpower are the most important consequences of covid 19 on brands supporting Iranian Premier League football matches.

The concept of brand personality has become one of the most popular issues related to professional sports. The purpose of this research is to develop and maintain a scale and present a model for the brand of international sporting events. The statistical sample was 527 volunteers who participated in the study. The measuring instrument consisted of a 25-item questionnaire based on the Acker Brand Personality Questionnaire (1997) in 5 dimensions (sincerity, competence, ruggedness, excitement & sophistication), which was evaluated using the five-point Likert scale scoring method. In order to determine the factual and content validity, the points of seven sports marketing experts were used. To determine the validity of the tool structure, a confirmatory factor analysis method was used using Amos software. The instrumental validity analysis of the tool showed that the questionnaire items have an appropriate factor. The results showed that the model indices have good fit and the coefficients of reliability of Cronbach's alpha and the five-dimensional character of the combination are acceptable. According to the approved instrument, future researchers can use the tool to determine promotional strategies are currently sporting events and brand development strategies benefit.