Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:14 Issue: 3, Sep 2022

Burnout during stressful dental residency courses can adversely affect the personal abilities and competencies of residents. This study aimed to investigate burnout and its relationship with spiritual intelligence in Mashhad Dental School residents in 2019-2018.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, approximately all the dental residents of Mashhad Dental School participated in the survey. Demographic information questionnaire, Maslach burnout questionnaire, and David B. King’s (2008) Spiritual Intelligence Scale were used to collect data. Finally, SPSS software (version 20) was employed for data analysis.

Overall, 53 women (52%) and 49 men (48%) with a mean age of 27.83 years participated in this study (a response rate of 97%). The mean score of burnout was 58.75. Residents also had a low reduced personal accomplishment, moderate emotional fatigue, and moderate depersonalization. The mean scores of spiritual intelligence and its sub-scales, including critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, awareness transcendence, and consciousness expansion were 51.91, 15.66, 13.19, and 14.67, respectively. Personal accomplishment was significantly correlated with overall spiritual intelligence (P<0.001, r=0.404) and its sub-scales, including producing personal meaning (P=0.009, r=0.26), transcendental awareness (P<0.001, r=0.382) critical thinking (P=0.04, r=0.2), and conscious state expansion (P<0.001, r=0.356). Eventually, there was no significant difference between burnout and spiritual intelligence and their sub-scales regarding gender, marital status, and school year (P<0.05).

Mashhad Dental residents showed moderate levels of emotional fatigue and spiritual intelligence. Accordingly, there is a need for planning strategies to reduce burnout.

One of the effective factors in successful orthodontic treatment is the use of appropriate bond between the orthodontic bracket and surface of the composite restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using composite primers, silane, and surface roughening on the shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to old composites.

In this laboratory study, 90 composite disks (Z350 3M) measuring 4 by 6 mm were kept in distilled water for 1 week and subjected to 5000°C heating rotation (rpm). These samples were divided into 6 groups based on the use of composite primer, surface roughening, and silane as follows: Group 1 (Control): old composite+37 % acid etching, Group 2: Old composite+37% acid etching+20 s cure. Group 3: Old composite+37% acid etching+5 s air-drying, Group 4: Old composite+acid etching+rubbing, Group 5: Old composite+roughing with diamond bur, Group 6: Old composite+Acid etching+roughing with diamond bur metal brackets were attached to the specimens and the specimens were immersed in water and in a thermal rotation system of 5000 rpm for 1 week. The shear bond strength of the brackets was measured.

The highest and the lowest shear bond strength values were found in the fourth and control groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference across all groups (P=0.001). In this regard, the results of least significant difference (LSD) test also showed that the mean shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets in the control group was significantly lower than that observed in other experimental groups, but without significant difference across the pointed groups.

The use of surface roughness, composite primer, and silane together do not have a cumulative effect on the increase of the bond strength between old composite and orthodontic brackets. However, the use of each alone can increase the shear bond strength.

Accurate and early diagnosis of internal root resorption is essential for determining the outcome of treatment and prognosis. Several digital processing algorithms have been introduced for the diagnosis of internal root resorption. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gamma values in the detection of internal root resorption in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

A total of 45 healthy extracted single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were mesiodistally sectioned at the central groove of their occlusal surface using a diamond disc (0.1 mm diameter). Internal root resorption was simulated at the cervical, middle, and apical regions of a root canal. CBCT images were prepared by gamma values (low, medium, and high modes). Data were analyzed using McNemar tests, Cohen’s kappa coefficient, and the receiver operating characteristic curve. A P value less than 0.05 (typically≤0.05) was considered statistically significant.

Sensitivity and overall accuracy of CBCT images with all gamma modes (low, medium, and high) were high, and they were slightly higher in the high gamma mode (Sensitivity: 94% and overall accuracy: 100%) than in two gamma modes (low and medium). The sensitivity and specificity of high and medium gamma modes in three regions of the root canal (cervical, middle, and apical) were at optimal thresholds compared to the low gamma mode.

Gamma modes, particularly the high gamma mode, in CBCT imaging can be adopted as a promising processing filter for the detection of internal root resorption.

Compared to other oral conditions, the effect of periodontal diseases on the quality of life (QoL) has received less attention. Hence, the present study aimed at determining changes in QoL related to oral health in patients with periodontal diseases after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients with periodontal diseases (moderate to severe periodontitis) referring to the periodontics department. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) index questionnaire and OHIP-14 were completed for all patients in order to assess the effects of oral status on daily activities before and one month after scaling and root planning. Its association with the age and gender of patients was examined as well. Statistical data were analyzed using the t test, paired t test, and one-way ANOVA.

The results revealed that the QoL of patients with periodontal diseases improved after scaling and root planning (P=0.001). Based on the findings, changes in QoL were not associated with the patients’ gender (P=0.001 and P=0.001 for males and females, respectively) or age (P=0.001 and P=0.001 for less than or equal to 30 years and more than 30 years, respectively).

This study suggested a positive association between non-surgical treatment (NST) of periodontal disease and oral-health-related QoL.

Irregularity of the dorsum is one of the common complications in rhinoplasty. Today, various methods are used to correct the irregularity of dorsum. This study was conducted to determine the effects of using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum changes.

In a randomized clinical trial, 20 patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty with open technique were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In intervention groups, after the end of the osteotomy and before the skin is sutured, A layer of buccal fat was placed on the dorsum and fixed. In the control group dorsum region without the use of buccal fat was sutured. Both groups followed for six months and were assessed regarding, dorsum changes and satisfaction of dorsum aesthetic.

In the intervention and control groups, the mean age of patients was 26.60 ±3.92 and 25.90 ±4.38 years, respectively (P = 0.711). In terms of gender, 70% of patients in the intervention group and 80% in the control group were women. The frequency of nasal asymmetry, nasal depression, dorsum narrowing, step and nasal width in the intervention and control groups were 20% and 50% (P = 0.350). The mean score of patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction with the beauty of the bridge of the nose in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05).

Using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum during primary rhinoplasty, in addition to reducing changes in dorsum, increases the satisfaction of dorsum beauty.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant oral disorder that affects 0.5-2% of the general population with a malignant transformation rate of around 1.1%. Malignant transformation is characterized by the increased proliferation of basal layer cells under the influence of biomarkers released from the inflammatory infiltrate. This study was conducted to assess the expression of biomarkers in OLP and their possible predictive value for malignant transformation of these lesions.

A search for studies on tumor biomarkers in OLP was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science, and Scopus. Data were analyzed using the statistical software RevMan 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). For continuous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as mean differences (MD) using the inverse variance (IV) method, and for dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as odds ratios (OR) using Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method, all with 95% confidence intervals.

A total of 30 studies were included in this meta-analysis. OLP patients compared to controls without the disease had a significantly higher expression of mutated p53 protein (P<0.001), Ki-67 antigen (P<0.001), p16 protein (P<0.001), and cell proliferation nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P=0.04), but not blc-2 protein. In contrast, OLP patients showed 3.71 times higher probability of bcl-2 protein detection (P=0.01).

The expression of tumor biomarkers in OLP suggests the potentially malignant nature of some of these lesions

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates. Late diagnosis and high incidence rate of OSCC have become global healthcare issues. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in OSCC.

A literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was performed. The keywords “early detection”, “oral cancer”, and “oral squamous cell carcinoma” were searched in the title and abstract of the articles published in English from 2000 to mid-2021. The full texts of 250 articles were retrieved and only 63 articles met the inclusion criteria.

In summary, all selected papers discussed the importance of early detection along with different factors and techniques to detect oral cancer. The biomarkers were divided into three groups as follows: salivary biomarkers, circulating biomarkers, and tissue biomarkers.

In this review article, salivary biomarkers along with the circulating and tissue biomarkers were reviewed. Besides, some detection techniques were explained.

Dental injury is an important public health problem that occurs in athletics. This study aimed to determine dental injuries in Iranian athletes.

By searching related keywords in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases, as well as the reference list of the eligible articles, and related published studies in English and Persian by the end of 2020 were included in the study, and the required data were extracted from them.

Out of 475 papers initially identified, 10 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were fully evaluated accordingly. Most dental injuries belonged to combat disciplines, and the most common types of injuries were fractures and mobility in the maxillary incisors. Based on these studies, it was found that most reported injuries occurred in men during exercise. Studies have also shown that the lack of using dental protectors is one of the most important causes of injury, and the use of protectors is crucial in preventing dental injuries.

It seems that the emphasis on the preventive role of the use of dental protectors in controlling and preventing the occurrence of dental injuries can be decisive in this regard.

After two years of the pandemic, there is still concern about COVID-19, mainly among non-vaccinated and specific groups such as patients at risk, particularly, a group of young people who may or may not be vaccinated and who are hookah users. These are exposed to trachea and lung damage considering that they use the equipment in closed places with little air exchange. Studies have shown that regular hookah users share the mouthpiece exchanging saliva and its contaminants; it well describes the presence of several bacteria in shared waterpipes, revealing potential biological hazards that may contribute to respiratory tract colonization, including case reports of patients with tuberculosis due to mouthpiece exchange. Although there is no research on the presence of coronavirus in hookah waterpipes, it was already proved that the virus is present in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% of patients with COVID-19. This coincidence may contribute to a much worse perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic in those locations.