نشریه پژوهش های جرم شناختی پلیس
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1401)

Depression has accompanied people even in the short term in a period of life, and this feeling of depression arises due to unfortunate events or negative feelings, which usually return to normal after a few days. Also, a depressed mood is one of the natural human reactions to life events. Based on this, this research has been conducted with the aim of structural analysis of the role of depression in predicting the tendency of teenagers to commit delinquency among male high school students in Tehran.

Method:

 The method of conducting this research is quantitative and descriptive analysis. In this study, the researchers used the existing theoretical literature while formulating the research hypotheses, indexed the main components of the research and designed the research questionnaire with the help of the theoretical literature. The statistical population of the research includes male students of the first secondary school in Tehran, using Morgan's table, 384 of them were selected in different areas of Tehran by cluster sampling method in several clusters and questionnaire questions were asked from them. The findings were also analyzed with the help of Amos software.

Findings: 

The findings of the research showed that the variable of depression disorder has a positive and significant effect on the variable of self-harm and suicide in its strongest effect with a coefficient of (0.68) and after that the effect of depression on the tendency to use drugs with a coefficient of (0.64) It is in second place. In general, depression has had a positive and significant effect on the variables of nihilism, academic failure, isolation and withdrawal, revenge, and has not had an effect on the variables of sexual deviations and violence and aggression due to the negative and weak coefficients.

The findings of this research, both in the theoretical dimension and existing literature, and in the experimental dimension and field analysis of data, have shown that depression is one of the strongest predictors of delinquency among teenagers, and to control social harms, it should be diagnosed and controlled. It is the most important educational strategy among teenagers.

Criminalization of pervasive behaviors is the result of specific criminalization by the legislator which includes a wide range of behaviors. And this type of criminalization from the perspective of legal criminology teachings. And this type of criminalization has many challenges from the point of view of legal criminology such as Violation of the principle of legality of crime and punishment. Leaving criminalization to the judicial authorities. Creating a secondary title in many crimes. Customization of judicial decisions, people's inattention to the laws and the reduction of the respect for the law. The vast immaterial plurality the anxiety and confusion of judges and people in society and many other negative effects.

Method:

 The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method.

The basics and reasons for the criminalization of comprehensive crimes are things such as security orientation, populism and the principle of necessity, and criminal titles such as: acquisition of illegal property, disorderly behavior, behavior contrary to public decency, corruption in the world with a wide range of examples, illegal behavior Guild affairs such as clergy and the like are examples of this type of criminalization in Iran's criminal laws, which face a serious challenge.

Conclusion:

 In the end, in line with the solutions to overcome the challenges of pervasive crimes, the conclusion was reached that limiting general criminalization (preventing the occurrence of crime and respecting the principle of human freedom and citizenship rights) and dealing with the complications caused by general criminalization (using Among the reconciliation solutions, the use of alternatives to punishment and judicial minimalism) should be applied.

Children who are raped and exploited may face many psychological problems in the future, so teaching parents the right educational methods in order to make them aware of any intention can be necessary for preventing a part of  damage.)The aim of this study was to investigate the role of educational models in in preventing child abuse.

Method:

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consists of all children and teenagers under 18 years in Lorestan province. The sample of this study was 450 children and teenagers in Lorestan province who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.The data were collected using the Perceived Childhood Scale of Krolling et al. (1997) and Bernstein et al. (2003) Child Abuse Questionnaire. In this study, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data by  using SPSS software version 26.

Findings:

The analysis of the data showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the mother's support of the child's autonomy, the mother's involvement with the child, the father's support of the child's autonomy, the father's involvement with the child with the dimensions of physical, sexual, neglect and emotional child abuse (P≥0.001). Also, the results of the regression coefficient in a step-by-step methoud showed that autonomy from the mother, autonomy from the father and involvement of the mother to the child predict 24% of the variance of child abuse in children and teenagers.

The need to inform parents about child abuse to ban and prevent it is felt more than ever, in this regard the role of educational authorities such as schools and the media is very important and it is necessary to provide the necessary educational programs for parents and children in this area.

Field and Aims:

Delinquency is an unhealthy situation in social life and widely disrupts the equations of a normal social life. Delinquency happens at different times and it is much more sensitive in childhood than other times. And if delinquency occurs in childhood, its effects and consequences will affect adult life, and the contribution of delinquency in adulthood will vary based on control in childhood. Because the experiences of adolescents in the world are changing with major social changes that affect their preparation for adulthood. Accordingly, this research has been conducted with the aim of criminological analysis of adult delinquency with an emphasis on childhood victimization.

The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method.

In this study, the causes of delinquency have been analyzed based on the presence of delinquency in childhood and its relationship in adulthood with causal explanations. The findings are in two general categories. Some have played an accelerating or predisposing role and some have played a controlling or inhibiting role. In both cases, prevention and control of conditions for delinquency have been recommended and ordered by many theorists. The grounds and factors predisposing to delinquency include membership in deviant groups, weakening of family values, poverty and economic issues, and the vulnerability of children of divorce.

The contexts and factors controlling delinquency emphasize two important components of strengthening relationships with family and resocialization and spiritual transformation and delinquency control.

this study, while briefly paying attention to the common procedures of crime prevention, reviewing them and also the legal process of crime prevention in Iran, with a new approach to the issue of crime prevention and presenting a new approach called reverse crime prevention in the face of events Criminalization and rehabilitation of criminals seeks to prevent the recurrence of crime and reduce its occurrence by creating the conditions for social development, placing the capabilities, skills and black intelligence of professional criminals in the path of individual and social excellence (turning threats into opportunities). In addition, the police have a greater guiding and expert role in managing, coordinating and implementing reverse crime prevention processes.

Method: 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of the data, the data collection tool is also documentary and inferential. In addition, the theories of the elites in the field of crime prevention have been used for theoretical purposes.

individual rehabilitation of criminals by creating grounds for social development, strengthening victims and crime environments on a case-by-case basis, which is in fact the focus of the reverse crime prevention approach as a new practice; While developing police knowledge and capabilities in crime prevention management, it also integrates single-institutional or multi-institutional preventive measures.

Reverse crime prevention as a new method with point performance and role of police guidance in creating cross-sectoral coordination, eliminating the risks of criminal events, managing needs and creating opportunities for social development for both criminals and victims, while providing quick returns. Being also helps complement other preventative approaches to crime prevention.

Field and Aims:

Depending on their scale and characteristics, economic projects can leave a significant impact on the rate of crime in the affected communities. While today, environmental and social impact assessments are considered as a necessity for various development actions, the criminal consequences of these projects have been neglected. This research seeks to recognize the importance of criminological impactassessmnet of economic projects in the context of theoretical foundations and legal sources and the position of the police in this field.

Method:

This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose. </strong>In terms of collecting information, it was done in a library method and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way.

 The complexity of issues related to crime and possible damages, along with basic human rights, as well as the model of sustainable development and the components of good governance, make it necessary to assessment the criminal impact of economic projects as an independent field. To implement this type of assessment, we can refer to the provisions of the laws of the country's development program and crime prevention law.

Conclusion:

 we can implement this task with the existing capacities. In the process of implementing the criminological impact assessment, the community-oriented police will play a vital role . Impact assessment helps to increase the popularity of the police, increase the mutual trust of the government and the local community and move planning systems from treatment-oriented approaches to prevention-oriented ones.

Field and Aims:

girls running away from home is one of the most important social harms, which is considered a serious threat to the society. A child or teenager who leaves home without the permission of parents or guardian is considered a runaway child or teenager. Based on this, the aim of this research is the social pathology of the phenomenon of girls running away from home with emphasis on criminological teachings among runaway girls in Tehran.

Method:

This research is of the correlation type and is in the applied research group, and in terms of method, it is a descriptive research type. In this research, the data were collected in the field. The statistical population is the runaway girls of Tehran city, due to the uncertainty of their number, 180 people were selected as the sample size using the unlimited population sample size formula, and the data were analyzed by spss software.

By performing regression analysis and examining the simultaneous effect of four independent variables (previous experience of physical or sexual abuse, history of family crimes, experience of domestic violence, experience of conflict between teenagers and parents) on the dependent variable (girls running away from home), it was found that four variables Together, the above variables have been able to explain or predict 45% of the total changes in girls running away from home.

Conclusion :

Girls run away from home can happen for various reasons, but from the point of view of criminology, the role of social and family issues in this field is very prominent.