نشریه مطالعات توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه ای
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1401)

The rapid growth of urbanization and the increase in the amount of migration to cities, the lack and high cost of housing in big cities has created the abnormal phenomenon of informal settlements, which, along with the growth of unemployment, provides the basis for social damage. In this article, the basic strategies of empowering the informal settlement of Shahid Rajaei town of Mashhad have been identified

Research method is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature and the library and field method was used in conducting the research. For this purpose, 383 residents of the area were selected using random sampling to distribute the questionnaire. In order to formulate the dimensions of empowerment in Shahid Rajaei town of Mashhad, 50 questionnaires were distributed among the responsible organizations and academic elites who have sufficient expertise on marginalization issues, and we gave the points to the experts in the field of urban empowerment using the SWOT method. In the end, in order to present the main strategy for more efficient implementation of empowerment in Shahid Rajaei town by means of QSPM and by asking experts in this field, we prioritized the strategies.

of the results show that the general strategy in the area is to implement defensive empowerment and physical, environmental and population organizing strategies with the creation of urban infrastructure and facilities, optimal use of the endowment lands of Astan Quds Razavi to reduce social and physical damage in the area, balanced development Urban elements, provision of suitable housing and beautification in design, while preserving the cultural identity of the area by using local materials and combining them with new materials are considered important strategies for the empowerment of Shahid Rajaei town.

Currently, cities are facing many challenges in economic, social and environmental dimensions. Due to the growth of urbanization, there have been harmful consequences for cities. The continuation of this kind of population growth has made urbanization in today's cities face economic, social, and environmental crises. Therefore, the need to pay attention to the livability has become very important in today's cities. The Aim of the research: to identify and measure livability indicators in the city of Babol.

The research method is descriptive-analytical according to the nature of the work, and according to this method, the evaluation of the livability of the city of Babol is done. In this research, the method of collecting data is library and documentary, interviews, field observations and questionnaires are also used. Research questionnaire is filled out among 382 citizens of Babol, sample size is calculated based on Cochran's formula, the results obtained using SPSS software, through factor analysis and single sample t-test, were analyzed. The geographical case of the research is city of Babol.

The findings of the research show that the economic, social and environmental criteria each have a different effect on the livability of the city of Babol. Since the livability in the city measured based on three aspects, it can be claimed that the city of Babol is far away from the ideal score of livability. The results have shown that livability in Babol should be prioritized in the economic dimension. In this way, in order to make Babol more livable, we need to pay attention to the economic category, then pay attention to the social and environmental criteria.

Tourism, which is called a green industry in today's world, is a way to transfer culture and civilization from one society to another; In that process there are many positive economic, social, political, environmental and cultural effects. Every tourism destination offers different products and services to attract tourists. The success of a region in the tourism industry is not only limited to show the unique attractions, but also depends on various factors such as the level of awareness and knowledge about those attractions. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of awareness of tourists with the local attractions and the level of their familiarity with the attractions and its relationship with the frequency of visiting.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research methodology, which was carried out using library-documentary and field study. The statistical population includes all of the people of Chabahar city and tourists who came to visit this city; 382 people were studied using Cochran's sample size method. The field data of the research was collected using a questionnaire and SPSS19 software was used for data analysis and Pearson correlation test was used to test the hypotheses.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and frequency of visits and the tourists’ tendency to visit attractions. The level of visit of attractions increases by enhancement of awareness on attractions. The results also showed that the most common way of familiarity with the city attractions is the word of mouth advertising (53.7%).

Strengthening rural entrepreneurship as an effective lever in accelerating economic growth and social empowerment plays an important role in the process of rural development. Meanwhile, there are capabilities and obstacles that by identifying them, in addition to the growth and development of entrepreneurship among rural communities, can provide the grounds for achieving sustainable development. Considering the place of entrepreneurship in the process of rural development and the need to identify obstacles and challenges in this field, the aim of this research is to identify the obstacles and challenges of entrepreneurship development in Zafarabad Village, the results of which will help strengthen entrepreneurship and economic development of the studied area.

The current research is of applied type, and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is 567 people of Zafarabad village, according to Morgan's standard table, 200 people were selected as a sample. A systematic random method is used to select the samples. In order to understand the basic variables of the research and summarize them, factor analysis model (varimax rotation method) is used for confirmatory and exploratory purposes. In this method, after removing the ineffective items, the most important effective factors in the capabilities and obstacles of entrepreneurship development in the village are identified and analyzed in order of priorities.

The results of the research showed that this village has the potential and capabilities of entrepreneurship, but the level of entrepreneurship development in it is low, among the existing obstacles, individual factors have the greatest impact on the development of rural entrepreneurship in the studied area.

The performance of employees is a subject that is closely related to the achievement of the organization's goals, so that the performance of employees is considered equivalent to the performance of the organization. Therefore, paying attention to the knowledge and skills of human resources and empowering these unique capitals in organizations, especially in this era, is a necessary and undeniable thing. The most important factor in improving productivity in municipalities and in any country is human resources, so that this factor has become an important and fundamental element in explaining the differences in productivity and its growth in different countries. Since the main basis of development is human, improving the quality of human resources is very necessary in development and has a fundamental and decisive role in any planning for the development and productivity of human resources; Therefore, economic development will not be achieved without prioritizing the productivity and development of human resources, which will not be realized as part of the long-term and comprehensive practical planning process based on accurate information from the past, present and clear future. The aim of this research is to explain effective solutions and empower human capital in increasing the efficiency and improving the performance of municipalities.

The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and method, and theoretical and practical in terms of purpose.

From the experts' point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the components affecting talent management (identification, employment, development, maintenance) and empowerment (training, participation, motivation) as well as the stages of empowerment (empowerment, structure, process) and how to evaluate their effectiveness, which were investigated in this study.

Security is one of the most basic needs for tourists, and its lack is a big challenge to attract tourists, especially foreign tourists. Since the purpose of tourists from traveling is to gain mental and emotional peace; the lack of social security will decrease the acceptance of tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social security indicators on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz.

applied research and its method is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The statistical population was tourists visiting Shiraz city in 2018. The sampling method was random and multi-stage cluster type. To measure the social security of tourists, 43 items have been used in the form of 4 indicators. Also, data analysis has been done using T, correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods.

The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors. The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of tourists, and there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators. In the end, among the loyalty factors, the travel experience component with a value of 0.319 had the largest share among other loyalty factors.

One of the most important behavioral issues in the field of management is urban management, which determines many variables of the organization. And following that, in recent decades, the issue of knowledge management has been raised as a strategic need for institutions, organizations and service institutions. Which guarantees long-term advantages for organizations, especially in the field of urban and community management and their utilization of human, intellectual and informational capitals of the municipality. In this regard; The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of knowledge management indicators on the performance of urban management using the interpretive structural model of ISM in the Municipality of Kermanshah.

The method is practical in terms of targeting, and descriptive-analytical in terms of identifying the trends and relationships. In the process of preparing and producing data, firstly, the effective factors on the impact of knowledge management on the urban management of municipality of Kermanshah were identified using the ideas of 20 experts and professors in related organizations through the Delphi method. In order to analyze the data, 10 factors which have strong influence on factors of knowledge management in performance of urban management, in municipalities of regions of Kermanshah, ISM interpretive-structural modeling is used, then with Mic-Mac software applied.

The results of the research showed that technology standard, organizational culture, human resources infrastructure, are among the most influential factors, and five leadership criteria are process mechanism, citizen participation, strengthening non-governmental organizations, and smart city are among the most influential factors. There is a two-way relationship between the variables of knowledge management and urban management, and they influence each other a lot. Also, the results obtained from Mick-Mack show that most of the factors are linked variables and have high dependence and high guiding power. At the end, a proposal has been made to strengthen knowledge management on the urban management of municipality of Kermanshah.

The lack of an efficient transportation system is one of the obstacles to the growth and development of any country. Among the types of intra-city transportation, the role of the bus is more prominent than other methods. Considering that bus lines have the largest role and contribution in the country's intra-city transportation, therefore, they should have the necessary efficiency. In this research, the efficiency of parallel lines with a metro line in Isfahan city has been evaluated by using data envelopment analysis technique.

The research method in this study was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and the method of collecting information in the library field. In order to analyze the data and evaluate the performance, the performance information of 15 lines as production units or DMUs in the period of the first nine months of the year 1400, including 5 input variables and one output variable through the mechanized fleet management system (AVL) located in the bus unit company Isfahan were extracted and their efficiency was evaluated using DEA SOLVER and DEAFrontier software.

Out of the total of 15 studied lines, lines number 10, 17, 70, 81 and 82 did not have the necessary efficiency due to the ratio of input and output and existing conditions, of which three lines 17, 70 and 81 they are privately run. The important issue in this research is the higher efficiency of lines with more passenger movement and less overlap, which shows the importance of the passenger volume variable in evaluating the efficiency of bus lines.

n recent years, the environmental crisis has been one of the main concerns of human beings. Increasing energy consumption and its impact on the future of the environment has made the design of buildings with a sustainable architectural approach of particular importance. Meanwhile, the physical structure and shape of schools, their environmental and technological qualities, have a great impact on education, culture and achieving a livable world. The main purpose of this study is to achieve the physical characteristics effective in promoting sustainable architecture in schools, so that the physical environment of the school becomes an educational tool for learning environmental issues and sustainable development.

The present article is of applied type and is a qualitative and descriptive analytical research method. Data collection is based on documentary studies, review of texts, sources and experiences that lead to the extraction of a conceptual model. Finally, the physical indicators derived from the model are analyzed in a case study (François Mitterrand School) and solutions are proposed to design the educational space based on the physical indicators of sustainable development.

Findings show that the components that promote sustainability in the educational environment include four main components: physical, environmental, social and economic. In the meantime, the physical component can turn a school into an educational tool for environmental issues and its characteristics include the use of daylight, improving indoor air quality, communication with natural elements, space design to support environmental activity, conscious choice Materials are physical flexibility, reduction of energy consumption through the body and the use of stability elements, which also affect the case study.

Nowadays, due to the important role of the transportation system in sustainable urban development, it is important to adopt appropriate policies in the urban transportation sector and develop sustainable transportation as one of the main areas of urban growth.. Green transportation means sustainable transportation with the least negative effects on the environment, which according to the current conditions of the world, we should seek to achieve this and use modern technologies to reduce the environmental effects caused by transportation. The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of using green transportation in improving the living conditions of Iranian cities.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. The method of collecting information was document-library and content analysis.

The research results show; Today, special attention has been paid to the approach of green urban transportation in many regions of the world. In Iran, in many cities under the influence of global developments and the implementation of various urban plans, the economic factor has become the main determining factor and the developments of the current century and the oil-based economy have resulted in excessive population density, the concentration of activities and the frequency of constructions, the growth and physical expansion of urban centers and the destruction of the natural ecosystem of the country's cities; However, in some cities of the country, measures have been taken to achieve urban green transportation but the necessity of creating and planning to use this model is felt more and more every day, considering the problems that have arisen for the cities of the country;  And in the following, suggestions and solutions are provided for the implementation of this approach.

Development, as a concept, has been associated with various meanings, interpretations, and theories. Development is an evolutionary process whereby human capacity is increased to start new structures, solving problems, adapting to constant changes, and deliberately and creatively striving to achieve new goals. Forests are increasingly recognized as a key element for sustainable development and support several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), some of which include reducing hunger and poverty, regulating fresh water, climate practices, health and welfare, and biodiversity. One of the most important indices used to assess deforestation is the Normalized difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is used to assess forest change trends. The results of all studies that examined NDVI index will be questionable in the term of Sustainable Development Goals. This study investigates the trend of NDVI vegetation index during the period 2001 to 2018 based on the MODIS data in Malard city.

In this study, the MODIS vegetation data at a resolution of 1 km were used. The vegetation data, abbreviated MOD13A3, is monthly and with a 1 kilometer spatial resolution. This data covers 830 points for Malard city, so that it can be surveyed in 1×1 kilometers of 830 points in the city. Since based on research conducted by Farajzadeh et al. (2011:107), May to August have the highest NDVI, this index was extracted only in the highest NDVI months, ie May, June, July and August. The data were subdivided into three-year intervals and the rate of change was extracted based on the index introduced by the United Nations for sustainable development goals. Then annual land use was obtained for a deeper examination.in the final step we used an analytic-description method to describe the results in the connection with sustainable development goals.

The results showed that a decreasing trend was observed in the percentage of NDVI area in May, June and July between -0.03 and -0.9% in month. So that, under the maximum NDVI months, it was found that the amount of Barren increased about 9 km2 every 6 years and the amount of areas covered by forests and green plants decreased about 8 km2 every 6 years. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the measures and plans regarding prevent desertification in the city that will meet the goals of sustainable development

Today, one of the most important issues of urban life is the increase in population, and providing welfare and comfort, or in other words, raising the quality of life, is very important for them, an issue that city managers seek to improve for citizens. On the other hand, today's world is facing challenges that are caused by the transformations resulting from the progress of science and industry and the design of new organizational and social needs. Therefore, considering that the goal of urban management is to improve the quality of life and well-being of citizens, and Tehran's 11th district also has its shortcomings in this field, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of good urban governance in improving the quality of life in Tehran's 11th district.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method, and it was conducted in a library and field method. In order to collect the theoretical foundations of the research, library resources including books, articles, dissertations and reliable scientific and research databases were used, and then the field method including questionnaires was used. The statistical population of the present study is the 11th district of Tehran, and using the Cochran formula, 384 people have been considered as the statistical population. Then SPSS software and correlation and regression tests were used for quantitative data analysis.

Establishing good urban governance indicators, especially participation and accountability, can improve the quality of life and thus improve the living conditions of various urban groups in the 11th district of Tehran, and even provide the grounds for achieving sustainable development in this area.

Considering that urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated policy to solve the problems of cities in a way that leads to the improvement of livability indicators and the quality of life of citizens and as a result of providing sustainable urban development, the purpose of this research is to explain the criteria of urban regeneration. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is a case study of Tehran's 10th district (Brianak neighborhood).

The research is of a descriptive and analytical type, and it was carried out in a library and field method in such a way that books, articles, and reliable scientific and research databases were used to collect data, and for its analysis, Questionnaire and spss have been used. The statistical population of the research was the 10th district of Tehran and Briyank neighborhood.

The results of the research show that if the quality of living in this neighborhood is improved through the improvement and renovation of dilapidated structures, it is possible to provide services and open and green spaces in the neighborhood and improve the residential role of the neighborhood. It increased the desirability of living conditions in it. If urban-scale functions and uses are established in the neighborhood, it will provide the grounds for more visits to the neighborhood and can provide the grounds for creating new jobs and economic prosperity in the neighborhood. The most important issue to get out of the existing conditions of the neighborhood, and succeed in urban regeneration in it, is to improve the socio-economic structure, and it goes without saying that without the involvement and participation of the residents, who are the most important and main groups facing the problems of this neighborhood. This issue will not go anywhere.