نشریه مطالعات تاریخی قرآن و حدیث
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 71، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Inventing the three signs of short movements is the most basic kind of initiative of Muslims in order to read the text of the Holy Quran correctly and to protect it from any distortion and change. With the expansion of the marking of musafirs and the emergence of new symbols, which were generally drawn as dots, it became more difficult for readers to distinguish these symbols. while expressing the process of formation of different shapes of short movement signs in different periods, has studied the method of Mushaqah and Magharbeh Mus'hafs in recording the signs mentioned in the Holy Quran; Finally, by examining four types of recording of short movement signs and also examining the shape of Tanvin signs in different periods and places, it became clear that, firstly, short movement signs have not had a fixed form throughout history; Second, these symbols were originally invented only to indicate the movement of consonants; But over time, it was also used as an auxiliary symbol to indicate modal letters. Studies have shown that the use of short gestures as an auxiliary symbol not only has no precise basis but also makes it difficult to read the text.

Since some of the difficult wordings of the Qur'an have always been the concern of Muslim Quranic scholars and caused various conflicting views, it has drawn western scholars' attention centering on the language of the Quran. Among the Orientalists, American Quranic scholar James Bellamy, in an article entitled "Some Proposed Emendations to the Text of the Koran", attempts to indicate that some of the problematic phrases of the Qur'an did not come from the Qur'an itself but they are scribes' errors while copying scriptures. In order to prove the claim, he appeals to wide-ranging views of the commentators of the Qur'an and lack of clear meaning for such these phrases. Making the text as close as possible to the form in which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) recited he proposed some emendator suggestions.This article aims to judge six James Blamey proposals and their documents in the foregoing article. A serious problem with Bellamy's view is ignoring the frequency of the text of the Qur'an and its spoken nature. Furthermore, many of his inscriptional claims are inconsistent with ancient manuscripts of the Qur'an dating back to the first Islamic centuries.

Better impact of the verses of the Holy Quran on the audience, requires a clear illustration of them, and this is done in the historical stories of the Qur'an using history and geography sciences. One of these stories is the instructive story of the people of Saba in Surah Saba. Saba (sheba) and the Sabaeans (shebaeans) have been studied in various researches, But so far no research has been done on the blessed cities and interconnected villages mentioned in Surah Saba verses 18 and 19. In various interpretations of the Holy Qur'an, explanations have been given as speculation or different narrations, but all of them lack a scientific basis. This research with the help of historical-geographical documents as well as rational principles, by scientifically examining the regions mentioned in these two verses, has provided a clear picture of the verses and has come to the conclusion that the regions in these two verses can not be very far from the mainland of Saba, and most likely, the Qur'an refers to the suburbs of present-day Ma'rib in Yemen.

"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security is often confined to concepts such as fighting or verses such as Anfal/60, and other important aspects of this issue has been far from the view of Islamic scholars. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to (A) study one of the main, neglected sources of security in the context of revelation, namely kinship, based upon anthropological approach, and (B) review the most important parts of Qur'anic teachings in this respect. This study shows that the Holy Qur'an uses the capacity of social institutions including kinship to promote security. Moreover, The Holy Qur'an seizes opportunities in consanguinity, affinity and fiction kinship to establish peace and security in societies.

The characteristic of vocalizing the third person singular masculine pronoun hā’ with -u (ḍamma), in words that the pronoun hā is preceded by -i (kasra) or -ī (yā’) like: “'Akhīhu”, “fīhu” and also the hā’ attached to a jussive (majzūm) verbal form like: “Nu'utihu”, “Nuşlihu” is widely attested in early Qur’an manuscripts.AbstractThe characteristic of vocalizing the third person singular masculine pronoun hā’ with -u (ḍamma), in words that the pronoun hā is preceded by -i (kasra) or -ī (yā’) like: “'Akhīhu”, “fīhu” and also the hā’ attached to a jussive (majzūm) verbal form like: “Nu'utihu”, “Nuşlihu” is widely attested in early Qur’an manuscripts.AbstractThe characteristic of vocalizing the third person singular masculine pronoun hā’ with -u (ḍamma), in words that the pronoun hā is preceded by -i (kasra) or -ī (yā’) like: “'Akhīhu”, “fīhu” and also the hā’ attached to a jussive (majzūm) verbal form like: “Nu'utihu”, “Nuşlihu” is widely attested in early Qur’an manuscripts.

The absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool to cast doubt on the caliphate. (AS) have placed.The omission of the name is based on various causes and materials; One of the reasons that has not been studied scientifically so far is the tradition of the divine test in the caliphate of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Leading researcher, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on verses, narrations and historical evidence, has studied the behavior of groups involved in the test of knowing and following the divine leader in contemporary prophetic society and The irreplaceable role of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) in revealing the inner menus of individuals and the optimal realization of this important test is reflected Also, assuming the name is mentioned, there are potentially more dangerous consequences Meanwhile, in the introduction, the meaning of some narrations claiming to mention the name, its expression and its suspicion have been removed.

Nowadays numerous studies have shown Khaṣībī's special place in the formation of the Extremist sect Nusayriyyah, and have Analyzed Nusayrī views in his works. Khasibi in Al-Hidaya Al-Kubra has not expressed Nusayrī 's ideas less explicitly; except in the Babiat. this has led some Imami scholars to consider his book as a Imami Book and without Gholoww. This article, with a comparative study between the narrations of al-Hidaya and other Nusayri Books, shows that the Khasibi's Nusayri beliefs have been reflected in different sections of Al-Hidaya and even in the section of the Imams. So It explain the extensive similarities between al-Hidayah and Khasibi's secret works in Nusayriyyah such as Al-Risalah al-Rastbashiyyah, and identify and decipher Nusayrī dogma in the booka text; such as the divinity of Imam Ali, the immortality of the Imams, the divine status of the persian kings, and transmigration. The generality of the book Al-Hidayah has led the author to cover his religion.

Evaluation of the interpreter's work with his previous works, which is the foundation of the subsequent works, is one of the criteria that shows compliance with the scientific principles of interpretation, avoiding religious prejudices and the interference of external affairs, especially this issue. It is crystallized in controversial issues such as Imamate. This research with descriptive analytical method, with the mentioned purpose, has investigated the performance of Fakhrazi in Tafsir Kabir on the issue of determining the examples of Imamate verses. The findings of the research indicate that Fakhrazi has adopted four approaches in the issue of Imamate, which are explicit exclusive agreement, implicit agreement jointly with other examples, implicit opposition without specifying in denying the example, and finally, explicit opposition to the examples of the verses. And since the approach of implicit denial occupies the largest part of the verses of Imamate, but has received less attention, the focus of the present research is on this approach. The final result showed that Fakhrazi, despite being aware of the interpretations of the parties, refused to quote and express the real examples of the verses of Imamate.

Salafism is a social and religious thought and movement among the Sunnis that considers the way to solve the problems of Muslims to follow the method of the Salaf (early Muslims). However, they made many mistakes in this direction due to their distance from one of the weights, which is the lineage of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), and offered opinions contrary to common sense and thought to the society. They were criticized, and today, with the advancement of the scientific level of society, these attacks and criticisms have increased and many questions and problems have been raised in the minds of young people and intellectuals about their beliefs, and they can not answer these questions with previous beliefs. One of these issues is the issue of "intrinsic monotheism", which was never mentioned in their classifications, because intrinsic monotheism is in clear contradiction with their belief in the physicality of God, but today, in response to young people, the views of "Algerians" The great Salafis are in the contemporary era as seen in the divisions of monotheism. He proves the inherent monotheism, although he is paradoxical in his interpretation of the verses, and in practice, with great caution, he opposes his words. This article seeks to explore his beliefs in "inherent monotheism," and to show the evolution of Salafi views over time.

One of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishment of rulings.One of these issues is the issue of slavery and the rulings related to it that the present study seeks to answer the questions with a descriptive-analytical method and library-citation collection tools, why the Qur'an did not suddenly order the release of slaves? And how does the Qur'an depict the freedom of slaves in the line of descent? The findings of the study indicate that the gradual sentence of slavery was issued based on the conditions of the society of that day to prevent the disruption of the economic, social and political order of the society of that day.The Qur'an's confrontation with slavery is divided into the first, middle and final stages. The first stage involves four steps: the enthusiasm for freeing slaves, loving and cherishing a slave, calling for equality between masters and slaves, and allowing slaves to marry free men. The intermediate stage consists of four steps: spending wealth to free slaves from good deeds, the social superiority of believing slaves over free polytheists, freeing slaves at the hands of the Holy Prophet (PBUH),

 From the perspective of the predecessors, one of the most basic criteria for the validation of hadith was the criteria of source knowledge and simply referring to the books of Rajali, which caused the abandonment of many hadith sources. Looking for historical change, we are looking for new methods and clues to identify authentic hadith sources. The most important benefits of recognizing the first sources of hadiths can be the identification of books trusted by the old narrators, the general review of narrations and the book of a narrator, the identification of different versions and the resolution of conflicting narrations. Paying attention to the document of transmission of the first sources in religious sources, repeating the chain of documents leading to the author of the book in hadith sources, and matching the topic of narrations with the title of the author's book are among the methods of identifying the collection of hadith from written sources. Etymological analyses, minimizing speculations, avoiding conjectures and weak probabilities, and explaining how to identify lost hadith sources with the help of providing seven clues to prove the existence of a book as a written source, are among the most important findings and achievements of this research.

One of the most used expressions in the ancient books of Rejal science is the expression of "mixing" and its other derivatives. The meaning of this word was clear to the ancients; For this reason, they have not given an explanation about it, but with the passing of time and the disappearance of evidence, this expression became ambiguous; In such a way that later scholars differed in its definition. Some have considered it to mean the corruption of belief, and others have considered it to mean the combination of authentic narrations and non authentic narrations. According to the important role of this expression in the validation of narrators and the ambiguities in its explanation, it seems necessary to provide a comprehensive research in order to resolve the existing ambiguities. In this article, which was carried out with the aim of identifying the concept of mixing in the words of the ancients of Islamic scholars, the various uses of this word and its other derivatives in the books of the ancients were analyzed and investigated by descriptive- analytical method and with the help of library data. Mixing means narrating authentic and non-authentic narrations by a narrator, which in most cases is rooted in his corruption of his believes.

One of the theories that come up when examining the history of the Shia religion is the theory of the historical development of this religion. Based on this theory the principles of the Imamate theory, which is a part of the characteristics of the Imam from the Shiite point of view, have been gradually formed throughout history and have reached their present evolution. One of these features that Shia believe in is the text on imamate , which according to the theory of the historical development of imamate, this feature has also gradually evolved after during the presence of Imams . And it has been proposed as one of the principles of Imamate theory in Shia religion. Based on this, it is necessary to discuss the text on imamate as one of the characteristics of the imam among the Shiites during the time of the Prophet and the Imams in order to first prove that this theory was one of the theories proposed at that time. and secondly, the text on imamate, is one of the teachings of the Prophet and the imams after him, and was also considered by Shia theologians at the time of his presence, and the theory of historical development of Imamate and its foundations, including the text on Imamate, is not a correct theory and in accordance with reality.

Examining the historical approaches of the era of the Prophet with the aim of explaining the civilization-building components of the Quran, puts the most stable social and political requirements of Islamic societies before the thinkers and the ruling policies. Acceptable progress and desirable civilization, which are the implicit or explicit aspirations of Islamic reformers and benefactors, without re-examining the civil values ​​emanating from the Prophet's migration period, will be a fruitless and sometimes ineffective effort.So, this descriptive-analytical research tries to answer this main question, which of the historical approaches parallel to Prophet's emigration play a role in explaining the social and political components of the civilization of the Qur'an?Citing divine verses and referring to library sources show the results; Parallel to the emigration of the Messenger of God (pbuh), the need for a fundamental change and in line with the social and political components of the civilization of the Qur'an became inevitable in the realization of the Prophet's (pbuh) society; Therefore, in a short period of time, developments such as the abolition of Arabization and the strengthening of social belonging by relying on urbanism and abolishing the privileges of tribes brought a new life based on the system of urbanization.