نشریه تامین اجتماعی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 61، پاییز 1400)

The Internet of Things (IoT) and enterprise architecture are two empowering concepts that lead to a competitive advantage for the organization. The purpose of this study is to design an IoT-based enterprise architecture for the Iranian Social Security Organization.

To achieve the research goal, the inspection unit's processes were revised and written through an IoT-based piece of hardware, and the first and second row of the Zachman framework (planner and owner) for the Social Security's inspection unit were completed. In this study, the statistical population included SSO academic and industry experts in the field of Internet of Things and enterprise architecture are the selected samples. The collected data was analyzed by questionnaires of academic and industry experts with Chi-square (Chi-square) and Wilcoxon statistical tests.

 Finally, in terms of the research hypotheses (effect of the Internet of Things on pillars of the Zachman framework including data, function, network, people, time and motivation) the fifth hypothesis was rejected and other hypotheses were confirmed.

The purpose of developing competency model for the Head of the IT and Statistics Department in Social Security Organization (SSO) is to provide criteria for evaluating the candidates for this position in the assessment centers and determining the vocational training needs.

In designing the model, job analysis and job descriptions, working situation, strategic plans, and the organizational activities in the field of IT, as well as other competency models and expert opinions were used to identify the initial competencies. Primary competencies were grouped into five main skill categories including: specialized and organizational; managerial; thinking and decision-making; leadership skills and individual characteristics. Prioritization and effect weight of competencies were determined through AHP, using paired comparison questionnaire and Expert-Choice software. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of data collection method and qualitative-quantitative mix in terms of research method. The population of this study includes Seventy-two Heads of the IT and Statistics Departments of different provinces and central headquarter of the SSO. The questionnaire was distributed among all members of the community. 

Final competency model and priorities include: specialized knowledge, teamwork, systematic thinking, leadership, decision-making, problem solving, communication, flexibility, organizational awareness, planning, time management, accountability, follow-up, coordinating and organizing, analytical thinking, monitoring and evaluation, creativity and innovation, accuracy and focus. This competency model can be used for the assessment and development centers of the position of Head of IT and Statistics in the SSO and other organizations.

Explaining the methods of preventing complaints on contribution collection and obligations of Social Security Organization requires reviewing and analyzing the existing complaints and verdicts issued by the Court of Administrative Justice as well as the procedure governing the principles and its related issues. The primary and appellate branches of the Court of Administrative Justice are a reflection of the current practice of governing the SSO insurance collection and obligations.

This research is the result of using analytical-descriptive method, while collecting information was done through librarian method besides using different sources such as verdicts issued by the Court of Administrative Justice.

In this study, the issued complaints and verdicts against Social Security Organization have been reviewed. One of the most important reasons for filing complaints is the applicants’ lack of knowledge about current rules and laws on the SSO insurance collection and obligations. And one of the most important reasons for the verdicts issued against the SSO is the rhetorical interpretation of the law by judges, the incompatibility of law with the executive requirements, and the judges' disregard to the SSO legal authorities.

Social welfare in different countries has a history of more than a few decades, but social security organizations, as the main infrastructure of social welfare, have still not been able to meet the needs of people. Significant changes in population structure and lifestyle affect this issue, but performance of social security organizations also directly affects the amount of protection they can provide to their members. This means that the issue is debatable both from the perspective of social security organizations and people. In public opinion, the welfare and ability of social security organizations to provide the desired level of welfare is significant. But from the point of view of social security organizations, technical and financial discussions about providing services are the main issue. Research in this area shows serious financial problems and instability of social security organizations' pension funds. Hence, social security organizations need fundamental reforms in their current process.

Many experts in this field have suggested parametric reforms (such as changing the retirement age and increasing the minimum number of years of service) as a desirable way to improve the social security situation. In addition to parametric reforms, many countries have made major structural changes to their ongoing plan”multilayer” systems. In such a structure, a supplementary pension system is usually proposed to increase the level of social protection of individuals. Due to the importance of this issue and informing the organizations active in the field of social insurance, the present study concentrates on a comparative overview of the supplementary pension systems of France, Turkey, Denmark, Chile and Romania. For this purpose, the place and type of supplementary pension plan is determined firstly, and then the performance of these plans is examined in each country.

The achievements of the products were examined by finding the average income of people over 65 years of age and the influence of social insurance. Finally, comparing different countries, it seems that the French system has been more successful than other systems.

The discussion of social responsibility addresses ethical issues regarding behavior and decision-making at a company on issues such as human resource management, environmental support, occupational health, social relationships, and relationships with suppliers and customers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and social responsibility with financial performance in Social Security Directoreate of Ardabil province.

The scope of present study is limited to location of Ardabil Social Security Directorate   with all insurance branches in the Province, and the time domain of the fiscal year 1400.The sample of the present study includes 240 employees of the Ardabil Social Security Directorate. The research method is structural equations using LISREL software.

The results of testing the main hypotheses of research indicate that, according to the main hypotheses, intellectual capital and social responsibility have direct effect on financial performance in the Social Security Directorate of Ardabil province.

Based on the sub-hypothesis, human capital, structural capital, customer capital, economic responsibility, moral responsibility, and humanitarian responsibility have direct effect on financial performance in Ardabil Social Security Directorate.

Climate change and its consequences are one of the most important concerns of the world community. One of the most important topics that is discussed today as one of the consequences of climate change is the migration caused by climate change in areas that are faced with the degradation of their environmental quality. The concern about climate change and migration has made policy makers to pay attention to how climate changes in each region impacts people's security and livelihood.Considering this issue, the basic question of this study is whether the degradation of environmental factors has had an effect on the flow of inter-provincial migration within the country or not? To answer this basic question, data of provincial migration matrix related to general population and housing census in 2016 for 31 provinces of the country have been used. Also, the effect of some economic variables on immigration has been investigated in the form of control variables, and help has been taken to interpret the results obtained from the hypothesis of exit, voice and loyalty.

The current research is written based on the push and pull theories of migration with the help of regression estimation using the generalized least squares method.

The results of the model estimation - using the generalized least squares method with cross-sectional data - showed that environmental and economic degradation generally affects the flow of interprovincial migration within the country, and thus the hypothesis of departure in response to environmental degradation and economic is confirmed.

This paper examines the family experiences of American elders. As life expectancy has increased, today, focusing on the family life of older Americans is a matter of change, not continuity. Although some of the linkages are obvious, such as the role of women as caregivers and the vulnerability of the elderly, the changes that have taken place are far more important. The main reason for this is the longer life expectancy, and unlike other stages of life, this phenomenon did not exist for many previous generations; they died very soon, while most Americans today are in their seventies and eighties, with the family complications of the early years as well as issues with their children and grandchildren. On the other hand, one of the challenges of an aging population structure is how to care for the growing number of older people. This is true when one considers the costs of government programs to support the elderly, such as social security at the macro-level, and interpersonal care at the micro-level. In addition, the elderly population is increasingly diverse not only in terms of race but also in terms of relationship status and family functions. Most of them take care of their grandchildren temporarily, regularly, or permanently; and the growth of migration is enhancing the racial-ethnic diversity of the elderly population.