فصلنامه بهبود مدیریت
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1401)

Today, the degree of economic efficiency is affected by the levels of technological capabilities,determines the position, level of competitiveness and differentiation of the economies of countries or two competing industrial sectors, Its effects are palpable in the extent of their integration into global value chains and market share. In this research, first the accumulation of technological capabilities of firms in advanced and latecomers has been studied and then studies have focused on explaining and analyzing the technological gap of Iran's petrochemical industry and providing a policy framework to fill this gap. A review of the research background shows that there is no comprehensive and integrated framework for identifying technological capabilities and firms in the catch-up process have used various models in accordance with their technological ecosystem.The knowledge-enhancing contribution of this research is the identification of technological capabilities and effective components in the catch-up stages of the petrochemical industry, which in this regard by examining, comparing and combining the findings resulting from the research background,and using case study method and theme analysis, an attempt has been made to identify the technological capabilities required in the steps of technological catch-up.Determining the extent of technological gap in the industry, typology of capabilities, comparing the catch-up process of latecomers chemical firms with leading ones, identifying the dimensions of required technological capabilities and policy factors and requirements affecting catch-up, and providing a policy framework to fill the technology gap are some of the achievements of this study.Policy-making to be used in petrochemical industry development plans.

Technological catch-up is an important and key component of the development process of countries that are behind the leading countries in the world in terms of technology and economy. Subsequent countries can enter the global competitive environment from the opportunities created by the emergence of new technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the catch-up process in the Iranian banking software industry and to investigate their effectiveness and prioritization. The research method used is a mixed method that in the qualitative part of the content analysis and in the quantitative part of the confirmatory factor analysis has been used. In this regard, the main influential factors were identified using the thematic analysis method and semi-structured interviews, and 55 themes were identified which were classified in the theme network. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the effectiveness of all identified factors was confirmed. Among the effective factors at the enterprise level, appropriate security platforms, among the effective factors at the industry level, increase interaction and communication with users and regular customers, and among the effective factors at the national level, the interaction and communication factor for producing, disseminating and using knowledge. New ones have the highest impact.

The specialization and increasing complexity of technologies, the reduced technology life-cycle and increased cost, as well as the development risk, are among the most significant reasons that firms are obligated to collaborate in the development of technologies. Nonetheless, the challenge of building an effective and useful network among colleagues in different industrial processes has become much more serious over the past few decades. It has been documented that even though collaboration reduces risks in innovations and technological development, it also incorporates technological collaboration, resulting in a significant percentage of failed or inadequately successful collaborations.By combining the models of technology development and collaborative management in the automotive industry, the proposed model has been designed in the current study. The dimensions of the proposed model are strategic analysis of collaborative management, identification of partner organizations collaborative management planning, management and implementation of cooperation, research and development and preparation of technology development, product design and technology verification, integration and implementation, as well as support and development of new technology.The results of this analysis confirmed the eight dimensions and their indicators. Results showed that using collaborative management, especially in advanced technologies in the automotive industry, can improve the capability of technical knowledge acquired in research and development organizations and provide a competitive advantage. Moreover, technology development requires coordination among the primary actors during the technology development process to not only create infrastructure but also provide education, application, and after-sales service conditions throughout the supply chain.

Technological catch-up is a very complex and time-consuming process that requires all kinds of capabilities to be acquired by the latercomer firms in order to successfully complete the various stages. This process is influenced by various factors that determine its failure or success. Considering the factors affecting the successful and unsuccessful cases in the catch-up process can gain a good insight for companies and countries that want to go through this path successfully. In this regard, in the present study, with the help of a systematic review of the literature, a framework of factors affecting the success of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and knowledge-based industries was extracted in order to make a comparative comparison with the catch-up situation in the biopharmaceutical industry in Iran. Quantitative support of foreign and domestic studies of each of the factors by Shannon entropy method is calculated and compared with each other to identify gaps in the catch-up of the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry. The obtained results show that there is a high similarity between domestic and international articles in terms of entropy in terms of institutional environment, capability building, and technological regimes. It is also necessary to improve the unfavorable position of the domestic industry in the factors of the market catch-up, organizational issues and the catch-up strategies with the help of the proposed solutions.

Representing up to 20 Percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of most countries, public procurement can provide a considerable market for innovative solutions. Ensuring the specific amount of product sale, this kind of procurement can reduce the market risk of firms. There are just a few cases of using this approach in Iran and no certain policy measures have been designed and implemented. The research objective is to identify the effective factors of designing public procurement of innovation (PPI) policy in Iran.Based on the literature review, 6 dimensions and 23 factors of policy design were identified as the preliminary theoretical pattern. The 6 dimensions include 2 external elements (International- socio-economic environment and Policy Context) as well as 4 internal (Framework Conditions, Organization & Capabilities, Identification of Needs and Incentivizing Innovative Solutions). Also, three sectors (Oil, Power, and Roads) were investigated in the research based on a theoretical pattern. In order to increase research validity by triangulation approach, for investigating each case study, the documents, the beliefs of interviewers, and questionnaires analysis by statistical methods were used by researchers. The Within-case analysis and Cross-case analysis were done in selected cases and the differentiation and common points were analyzed by real and theoretical repetition. The 19 factors of theoretical pattern have real repetition for an analytical extension. Finally, based on the presented analysis, several policy recommendations are offered for both policymakers and researchers.

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting political networking in state-owned companies affiliated to the IDRO. This research is in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-survey method and is among mixed researches. In the qualitative part, 19 professors of management participated using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part, 52 Managers of state-owned companies affiliated to the IDRO using a pairwise comparison questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Content analysis method was used to encode the data obtained from the interview and fuzzy Delphi method was used to prioritize the answers. Using the data obtained from the interview, 14 factors affecting political networking in the organization were identified and then ranked through quantitative research. The results show that the management of internal and external stakeholders of the organization, forming a coalition, recognizing important people in the organization, political knowledge and skills, strategic communication are the most important factors affecting political networking in the organization. Managers of state-owned companies should try to manage influence and attract people, learn influence tactics and use political skills to manage internal and external stakeholders of the organization, also using negotiation skills to enable government officials and attract investors to the organization. In addition to covering the existing research gap and developing the literature in the field of political networking,