نشریه مطالعات هنر و رسانه
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

With the outbreak of the Coronavirus, the world witnessed new events that had never been seen before. The effects of the Coronavirus will undoubtedly remain with humanity for many years. Social media continued to be very popular among users during the pandemic. This attention was not only from individuals but governments and organizations as well. This increasing importance of social media makes it very important to examine the role of social media during the pandemic. In the criticism of media influences, technopoly is one of the macro theories. This theory predicts the control of culture and thought by technology in today’s world and provides us with the appropriate tools to study the role of media. In this article, we criticized the role of social media in the Corona pandemic using the analytical-critical method and based on technopolitical theory. First, the technopoly theory will be explained, then the role and effects of social media during the Corona pandemic will be examined by this theory. The study’s findings suggest that Neil Postman in Technopoly Theory had predicted many of the harmful effects of the media, but we can also overcome these effects. According to Postman, it is possible to trade with technology and media. In various cases, human beings have succeeded in using technology to solve the problems of the Coronavirus.

The critical and awakening literature of the constitutional period did not overlook the pervasive problem of opioid addiction in this era; during this period, works were written that independently critiqued and analyzed this problem and the issues surrounding it; Adib al-Hakma, a constitutional physician, is one such work. In this research, after mentioning the reasons and manifestations of the prevalence of drug addiction in Iran during the Safavid and Qajar periods, we have examined and explained the essential features of prose and critical discourse of this book on the subject of addiction, analytical method, and content description. The following results were obtained from the present study: The prose of the book is a combination of the official prose of the secretary - full of Arabic words and phrases - with newspaper and conversational prose, in the form of neat and continuous sentences; In this work, irony, proverbs, allusions, and allusions have a high frequency. The author takes a critical and sometimes satirical look at the details of many of the tragedies caused by the destructive effects of drugs on the souls and bodies of addicts and the Iranian community; Iran was protesting the widespread cultivation of poppies on Iranian soil, and the satire of some Bengal and opium addicts, are the main topics discussed in the book on the critique of opioid addiction.

The symbols of the verses were used for the chapter of the poems from the very beginning of the revelation of the Qur’an. These signs were arranged in the form of every five or ten revealed verses, known as the signs of Khums and Ashar, which were organized in separate visual forms in each period. The purpose of the present study is to describe the visual features of the verses of the Qur’an of the Timurid religion of the Holy Threshold Museum of Qom and also to classify the verses. The present article has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, and the materials have been collected concerning documents and library materials. Therefore, this research is organized around two main questions: What are the visual components of the religious verses of the mentioned Qur’ans? How is the dominant visual form and structure in the sign of the chapter of the verses arranged? The achievements of this research show that the symptoms of Khums-Ashar mean five and ten poems, which in addition to indicating the gradual revelation of poetry, also makes it easier for readers to read. The signs of the verses are single verses, decorative, khums, and tithes. These symbols are engraved in the form of sun and bergamot, and decorations such as Islamic and Khatai motifs are used. Verses are marked in the form of “visual-decorative” signs and “letters and phrases.”

This research, descriptively-analytically and using the theories of philosophers in this field, in search of a definition of style in photography, first deals with the importance of achieving a stylistic system and examines the need to know the style of different artworks. Then the style is divided using the theory of psychological reality into two categories: general style and individual style. In the continuation of these analyzes, a detailed definition of both types of style in a general and personal context is explained. According to the theory of psychological reality, although the general style has no way into the spiritual workings of artists, it is not devoid of concept and plays an essential role in the interpretation of works and allows the correct understanding of images in the art historical context. Looking to reach a precise definition of the concept of individual style, the reports provided based on the emphasis on various components such as form, concept, subject, and features of the work are examined. Finally, it is concluded that individual style is influenced by psychological reality and has an inner and deeper relationship with the artist. Eventually, by examining each region’s general style in pictorial photography, the factors affecting its emergence were identified. It was also concluded that the photographer’s psychological reality influences individual photography style.

The buildings’ decoration and arrangement are influential factors in the splendor and beauty of Qajar period architecture. We witness innovations and developments in art and architecture during this period. The architecture of mosques and schools in this changing era has noteworthy innovations that have been less discussed. Sepahsalar (Motahari) Mosque-School and Sardar Qazvin Mosque-School are among the prominent buildings of this period in terms of decorations, especially tile motifs, so investigating the decorations and the differences between the motifs used in these two buildings is one of the main goals of this research. Furthermore, in this regard, the following questions are raised: 1- What are the characteristics of the decorations of the two mosques of Sardar Qazvin and Sepehsalar in Tehran? 2- What was the influence of the decorations of these two mosques-madrasa Sardar and Sepahsalar, from the west? The method of the present research is analytical-descriptive. In the first step, through library studies, the background related to the decorations of the Qajar period was studied, in the second step, through field observations, the decorations in case samples were examined, and in the last step, by combining library and field studies, The innovation in the motifs of two Sepahsalar and Sardar mosque-Schools has been evaluated and analyzed. The research findings show that Western art and culture influenced both buildings’ decorations. In the decorations of Sepehsalar Mosque-School, some motifs are directly and without changes adapted from Western art; However, the decorations of Sardar Qazvin Mosque-School were formed simultaneously under the influence of Iranian architecture, Bastar culture, and western elements.

This article aims to analyze the policy and mechanisms of global social media platforms to deal with fake news and disinformation. This process is complex and challenging and is done with the help of human and machine agents. In this article, the steps and methods of content moderation on Facebook and Twitter platforms have been analyzed in a documentary way to identify their mechanisms to deal with fake news content. The findings show that these two platforms, although they operate in the same political and economic context and under the same media policy, have different mechanisms to deal with false information, which originates from their general approach. Facebook’s general approach is to defend transparency and give voice to people. Therefore, instead of deleting it, it has taken the reduction of the visibility of this type of content. Still, Twitter, to ensure the health of the conversation, removes fake content more easily. Finally, it must be said that the corporatization of dealing with false information and fake news makes it more difficult for citizens to receive real news, and the public sphere and democracy face increasingly complex risks. On the other hand, the dominance of companies over monitoring news content makes governments like the Iranian government face new challenges from the point of view of internet governance.