نشریه رفتار حرکتی
پیاپی 48 (تابستان 1401)

The optimal anticipation behavior can be influenced by different factors such as proper selection of visual information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the anticipation behavior and visual search in long service between skilled and non-skilled badminton players. The participants included 22 women aged 20-30 years (M =23.59) in two groups: skilled (n=10) and non-skilled (n=12). The participants watched 18 video clips of long services in different positions and were asked to anticipate the landing location of the ball in less than 3 seconds. Visual Search Behavior (number, duration and position of fixation) of the skilled and non-skilled players were evaluated using the eye tracker. To verify the normality of the data, Shapiro-Wilk test and to compare the data, Independent t-test were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in anticipation accuracy between the two groups (p=0.02). Also, with regard to the visual search behaviors, there was a significant difference in the number and position of fixations on the rocket between the two groups (p=0.02). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the duration and number of fixations on the position of the wrist, ball and other positions (p>0.05). In general, it can be stated that skilled players follow a different visual pattern from non-skilled players, which enables them to use important clues (rackets). These findings can be very important in facilitating the process of learning and teaching badminton.

Balance is a vital element in children with cerebral palsy and it is important to choose effective exercise strategies to achieve it. In order to investigate the balance of children with cerebral palsy, physical activity and virtual reality intervention were used. The pre-test post-test design with control group and follow-up test on 15 children with spastic cerebral palsy (hemiplegia) (6-12 years) from Golha Special School in Shiraz was used. Samples were randomly divided into two experimental groups: physical activity (n = 5) with aerobic exercise program, balance skills, ball skills and virtual reality using Xbox kinetic system program (n = 5) and control group with no intervention exercises (n = 5). Experimental interventions were performed in experimental groups for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. In order to assess balance, Pediatric Balance Scale of children was used in pre-test (two weeks before and one day before intervention), post-test (one day after intervention) and post-test (4 weeks after the post-test). One-way ANCOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis and the significance level was considered 0.05 at 0.05. There was a statistically significant improvement in the balance of children in the experimental groups compared to the control and virtual reality superiority to the physical activity group. As a result, virtual reality, as a superior exercise intervention, is effective in improving the balance of children with cerebral palsy.

Motivation drives humans to attain desired goals or objects by enhancing our attention, facilitating faster physical movement, and reinforcing behaviors that lead to goal acquisition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of motivational changes and vision training on visual skills, alpha wave and golf skills learning. 60 female students with a mean age (22.2±2/3) years participated in a semi-experimental research project containing pre and post-experimental. Subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups after pre-test. To intervene in the experimental groups, Behavioral interventions of the need-supportive environment and visual training of Revien and Gabor were used. Before and after the training program, Vision tests (Saccade movements, eye-hand coordination and peripheral vision) were performed on the subjects. The alpha wave was recorded using a two-channel neurofeedback device. Participants' performance was also recorded as a radial error in golf putting task Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the four groups in the post-test scores of visual skills, alpha and performance (p

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Nintendo Wii-based motor and cognitive training on motor proficiency, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Thirty boys with ADHD, aged 8-11 years, were selected from the Avand development center and were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The experimental group participated in a selected gaming program for 24 sessions, 60 minutes per session. At the beginning of the study and after eight weeks of intervention, participants were assessed with the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency and trail making test. R Statistical software was used for data and analysis Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test differences between groups. For all statistical analyses significance was set at 0.05. The results of the post hoc contrasts on MANCOVA showed that balance (p = 0.01), upper limb coordination (p = 0.01), bilateral coordination (p = 0.02), strength (p = 0.06), response speed (p = 0.02) and manual dexterity (p = 0.003) components, in the experimental group were significantly improved in comparison to the control group, But there were no significant differences between groups in running speed and agility (p = 0.09) and visual-motor control (p = 0.27). A significant difference was also found between groups in cognitive flexibility (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that Nintendo Wii game playing might be a simple and cost-effective way for improving motor proficiency and cognitive flexibility of ADHD children.

The aim of this study was investigated the effects of quiet eye training on accuracy and quiet eye duration of expert players in three point shot under pressure. The participants were eighteen expert players (age: 20- 30 years old) that voluntary participated in study and assigned randomly in quiet training and control group. All groups participated in video feedback session and three on court shot training (5 *25 in per session) and the quiet eye training group received gaze control instructions through training sessions, Accuracy, QE and kinematics characteristic recorded during pre, retention and pressure test. In order to captured related variables used eye tracking(SMI), motion analysis system, I view ETG 2.7, Cortex 2.5 software and for analyzing raw data used Be gaze 3.7 software and used MATLAB software by coding to synchronized gaze and kinematic data to calculated quiet eye duration in every trials. The results showed the quiet eye training group had longer quiet eye duration and better performance in posttest and pressure test than control group. It seems three point shot with different requirements such as distance and high speed could benefit from quiet eye training and could affects players with high level of performance.

Creativity is one of the most important variables that guarantees a person's athletic success, It is also important for continued physical activity in beginners. The purpose of this study was the role of motor learning teaching strategies on team creativity of beginner soccer’s. The participants in this study were 66 male students from Tehran universities who participated in this study voluntarily. All of them were beginners, which was confirmed by an expert opinion. Participants were randomly assigned to linear, nonlinear, and differential teaching groups and practiced two sessions each week for three months. Each group was trained by their own instructor. After the interventions, each group played a game and the participants' creativity was examined by analyzing the film and with the opinions of two experts. The results have been reported descriptively due to the rarity of the identified actions. The findings show that the team creativity in the group that practiced with non-linear pedagogy was greater than the other two groups, and the team creativity in group which practiced in the differential group was greater than the linear group. Based on the ecological dynamics perspective, these results suggest the use of environmental manipulation and task to enhance team creativity due to exploration and help solve movement challenges, and are recommended for educators, teachers, and physical education instructors. Of course, using this method requires the expertise and creativity of the instructor.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of providing skin conductance (SC) biofeedback on the performance of elite rifle shooters. Volunteer participants (n=10) were divided into experimental and control groups (n=5, in each group). After pretest, the experimental group, was educated about SC biofeedback, then participated in five shooting practice sessions while receiving skin conductance feedback. The control group, performed five sessions of their regular exercise. Both groups then took part in the posttest and a week later in the transfer test. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the performance of the experimental group in the posttest and in the transfer test significantly increased compared to the pretest. Also, the results showed that the ability to adjust the arousal level of the experimental group at the end of the intervention, significantly improved. It seems that shooting practice along with receiving SC feedback has led to the self-regulation of shooters in providing an appropriate response to arousal and thus improving performance. In summary, the results of this study showed that athletic performance is improved by stimulating arousal levels and providing biofeedback.