نشریه مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1401)

The United States of America's acquisition of new technologies in the field of information and communication, for which "Internet" is considered a turning point,, led to the discovery of a new living space called "virtual space". Today, despite the existence of more than 4.6 billion users from all over the world on this space, the strategies of the American trustees of this space, the structural complexity of the Internet and the absence of strong international laws in this field, have led to America's monopoly in the ownership and micro and macro policies of cyber space. As the Internet is referred to as the "American National Information Network" and the agent of "digital colonization".The following article, by adopting the qualitative research methods of "documentary study" and "library study" and with a descriptive and analytical approach, while explaining the "virtual space" in the context of analyzes based on the political economy of the media, the position of the United States among the institutions of ownership and power And it has specified the effect in this space and then by following the governance framework of this space, it has shown that America seeks to use it to restore its "global governance". Then, it focused on the "services" as the most effective layer under the domination and sanctions of the United States and shows that "any virtual service or sub-service that causes the local development of countries in the virtual space is or will be subject to the sanctions of the United States».

The main issue of this research is to extract and present a systematic model to explain the meaning and process of the decline of the United States based on the principles, views and views of Ayatollah Khamenei. In accordance with this goal Grounded theory By purposeful sampling of related texts, Ayatollah Khamenei's official statements were selected and coded using maxqda2018 software. The final results of this research in the form of the output model of the foundation data method are as follows: The central phenomenon of this research is the decline of the United States means the disappearance of the American people and the world's belief in the American political system. The historical context of American crimes in Iran and the world and various rational reasons and concepts such as Arrogance, Domination system, colonialism and the Great Satan are the underlying conditions of decline, and the actual cause of decline is the divine traditions, which occur if the nations are aware of the struggle that arises from this awakening. The final strategy proposed by this model is to enlighten or awaken the nations.

Despite the fact that the United States spent lots of money to advance the nation-building project in Afghanistan following the defeat of the Taliban in 2001, on August 15, 2021, this fundamentalist group was able to re-take over Kabul. The Taliban's move in Afghanistan came as Biden had laid out his new policy and strategy on Afghanistan namely US withdrawal from Afghanistan. For this reason, many experts and Analysts attribute the Taliban’s dominance to the policies of the Biden administration which had previously been pursued by Trump. Nevertheless, another question that arose in this regard was whether Biden's policy regarding the US withdrawal from Afghanistan was a pre-determined regional plan with specific goals and principles, or whether it was solely for the purpose of the reduction in US foreign spending based on the partisan attitudes? In this study, the authors attempt to examine these two main perspectives on Biden's exit policy from Afghanistan based on a comparative method. The findings of this study indicate that despite the existence of two main perspectives on Biden's exit policy, various components and variables are involved in Biden's strategy towards Afghanistan, which makes it necessary to adopt a multifactorial approach. This multifactorial approach is presented at the end by the authors.

Great powers with different capabilities have a privileged position to operate in various international arenas. One of these cases is the role they play in creating international legal rules. In the modern era, which includes the period after 1945, great powers have formed new legal rules in addition to development of traditional international law through their cooperation and competition. the unilateralism of great powers can also have many effects on international law. The purpose is to investigate the unilateralism of the America in the field of international relations and its effects on international law. the question is, how does America's unilateralism in the field of international relations affect international law? the hypothesis is due to the fact that America, as the hegemon, has the capacity to influence the field of international relations, In the field of international law, the unilateralist action of this country, although it can lead to the creation of international customs in some cases, but in practice, it causes weakness and functional crisis in this area. The results show that the unilateral action of America in preemptive defense, use of drones, and use of torture to obtain confessions from terrorist suspects leads to ignoring general rules and ultimately weakening international law. The current study has analyzed the unilateralism of the America in the field of international law with a descriptive-analytical approach in the three areas of creating international custom, the cross-border consequences of domestic law, and the interpretation of the rules of international law by this country.

The United States is increasingly using economic sanctions to achieve its foreign policy goals. It imposes sanctions unilaterally or through influence in the UN Security Council on countries that challenge its goals and aspirations. One of the countries that has been subject to the most severe US economic sanctions for more than 40 years is the Islamic Republic of Iran. In corona pandemic conditions US sanctions did not diminish despite the opposition of most countries, and this affected health security in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which to show the hostile approach of the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran can indicate the importance and necessity of the issue. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to answer the question: In the context of the Corona pandemic, what effect has the unilateral US sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran had on the health security of the citizens of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In response to the question, the hypothesis is that US unilateral sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran during the coronavirus epidemic have affected the health care system and the health security of Iranian citizens and the Islamic Republic of Iran faced a serious problem in controlling the epidemic. Research findings show; Economic sanctions are an important tool in US foreign policy, and ethical standards and humanitarian considerations have not affected the country's non-application of sanctions and in the context of the Corona epidemic, US economic sanctions have affected health security in...

In recent decades, Mexico-US relations have been affected by three factors, being, trade, illegal immigration, and security issues such as drug trafficking, guns, and other transnational crimes. However, these relations have undergone different complications in various historical periods. One of the influential factors in the relationship between the two countries is the emergence of political leaders with different ideas and views. From this perspective, this study attempts to examine the attributes of the relationship between Mexico and the United States during the presidencies of Barack Obama and Donald Trump. By examining the three areas of economics, immigration and security the concept has been hypothesized that under the Obama administration, the Mexican government's willingness to strengthen economic ties and focus on a series of issues, including; helping to solve the migration crisis and securing the two countries' borders, had improved, while on the other hand, Trump recognized Mexico as the source for violent crimes, illegal immigration, and the main cause for the loss of employment opportunities in the United States. During this period, Mexican-American relations faced serious challenges. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach, uses a comparative research method, and relies on library-based data collection. The findings show that Obama sought to boost relative prosperity in Mexico by strengthening bilateral economic ties, thereby improving security and immigration crises, but Trump sought economic concessions in favor of the United States and tackled security and immigration crises with solutions such as walling and increasing border patrols.