نشریه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 42 (تابستان 1401)

Children leave home and suddenly feel empty at home leads to some discomfort and stress in the elderly, which is very frightening for them and it is called empty nest syndrome. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Act) on reducing depression and life expectancy in the elderly with empty nest syndrome. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes the elderly present in the nursing home of Kola area of Sari. The statistical sample size of this part of the study was 30 according to the nature of the study method. The research instruments are Beck Depression Inventory, Schneider et al.'s Life Exam Questionnaire, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy. Based on the findings of the present study, it was found that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on depression in the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on life expectancy of the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Empty Nest Syndrome has been effective, treatment based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy of the elderly has been effective Empty Nest Syndrome. It was found that acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy on irrational beliefs and perfectionism in female students.
The statistical population under study included all high school girls in the 2nd district of Tehran, of which 30 female students who were between the ages of 12 and 18 and were interested in participating in the research were selected using available sampling and They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 people (experimental and control) where the experimental group received 12 sessions of emotional therapy training and the control group did not receive any intervention. The participants were evaluated with the Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1996) and the Besharat Perfectionism Questionnaire (2012). The data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance by SPSS23 software.
The comparison of averages showed that the intervention was effective in changing the scores of irrational beliefs and perfectionism. The differences from post-test to follow-up are not significant (P<0.05). This means that the therapeutic effects have been stable over time.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of emotional therapy has had an effect on irrational beliefs and perfectionism in female students, and this effectiveness is stable over time.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship education on perceived stress and psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children.
The statistical population of the study included all mothers who were active members in supporting Tehran's disabled and mentally retarded children. Of these, 30 mothers with mentally retarded children who met the inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Then, the experimental group received 10 sessions of parent-child relationship training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants were assessed using the Cohen`s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Ryff`s Being- Well Psychological of Scales. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software.
The results of the study using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages were significantly different in terms of both variables (P <0.05) and based on the results of Table 3, 35.0%. Perceived stress changes and 14.4% of psychological well-being changes are due to the intervention method, ie teaching the parent-child relationship.
Therefore, it can be said that parent-child relationship education has been effective in reducing perceived stress and increasing psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema on emotional divorce and emotional maturity of couples seeking divorce.
The method of this research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all couples seeking divorce in Babol city in 1401. The statistical sample in this research includes 30 divorce-seeking couples (15 for the control group and 15 for the experimental group) who were selected by available sampling and randomly replaced in two groups. Data collection tools were Yasvir Sink and Bhargava's emotional maturity questionnaire and Gutman's emotional divorce scale. In this research, to analyze the data from descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and from inferential statistics, following the assumptions of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS version 26 software.
The findings of the research showed that emotional therapy schema training has an effect on emotional divorce and emotional maturity of couples seeking divorce.
According to the obtained results, it was found that emotional schema therapy is effective on the emotional divorce of couples seeking divorce.

The Purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group-centered group therapy and Glaser's couple therapy on the quality of emotional climate in spouses affected by extramarital affairs.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The present study population included all couples with extramarital affairs who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the period of March 2020 to May 2020. The study sample consisted of 45 couples who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants completed questionnaires of quality of emotional climate before performing the interventions. The experimental group received couple-centered group therapy interventions and Glaser's couple therapy. Finally, post-test was taken from all three groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSSV19 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of couple therapy and the control group in all components of quality emotional climate (P<0.01). The results also showed that in the emotional quality climate variable, solution-oriented couple therapy is more effective than Glaser's couple therapy.

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the use of solution-oriented couple therapy and Glaser's couple therapy in the emotional atmosphere of spouses affected by extramarital affairs is effective and the knowledge of counseling, psychology and health experts about these treatments can be helpful.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on brain gymnastics on working memory and processing speed of students with specific learning disorders.
The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included elementary school boys and girls with learning disabilities in Tonekabon city who referred to the health learning disability center of that city in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sampling method of this research was available, after selecting 30 people, they were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people for testing and control. Data collection tools were clinical interview and Wechsler IQ scale 4 (2003). Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis. The above tests were performed using SPSS software version 22.
The results of the research showed that the treatment based on brain gymnastics had a positive and significant effect on the working memory and processing speed of students with specific learning disorders.
The results of the research showed that therapeutic interventions based on brain gymnastics are not effective on the working memory of students with specific learning disorders.

The aim of this study was to compare the dimensions of emotional processing and differentiation of self in students with personality types D and B.
The design of the present study was fundamental in terms of purpose and causal-comparative in terms of method. The statistical population included all male and female undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods branch in the academic year 2020-2021. 60 students with personality type D and 60 students with personality type B were selected as the sample. According to Covid-19's disease conditions, participants responded virtually to the Baker et al. (2007) Emotional Processing Scale and Scorron and Friedlander (1988) self-differentiation checklist. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance and SPSS software version 25.
 The results showed that there was a significant difference between all dimensions of emotional processing and self-differentiation between two groups of students with personality type D and personality type B (p>0.05). In other words, students with type D personality have healthy emotional processing and lower differentiation.
Therefore, it is suggested that due to the effective role of mental health in the emotional and psychological health of students, it is necessary to think of special measures to make it suitable in universities.