نشریه دانش انتظامی سمنان
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 43، بهار 1401)

In the present age, the function and importance of cyberspace is not hidden from anyone; In addition to its moral merits, this space has also brought moral challenges. The best way to deal with the ethical challenges of cyberspace is an active and wise method that by accepting the facts of this space, tries to sanitize the cyberspace environment from moral vices and revive values, norms and ethics in cyberspace. Virtual religious ethics by accepting the facts of cyberspace, by presenting ethical principles derived from rational and revelatory sources, seeks to reduce the moral challenges of this space and provide moral values ​​for cyberspace and thus create a moral environment for citizens. Is virtual. The main issue of this research is to explain the moral views of Islam regarding the moral principles of cyberspace and people related to that space. Therefore, the main question of this research is what are the values ​​and general moral principles of cyberspace from a religious perspective? Among the findings of this study is the explanation of the most important general ethical principles of cyberspace; These ethical principles include fairness, trustworthiness, avoidance of harm, privacy of others, description and sensitivity to the promotion of virtues and prevention of vices for all people associated with cyberspace, including producers and promoters of virtual content, users And users of the content and government institutions are responsible for cyberspace. The research method is in terms of data collection, libraries and field observation of cyberspace and in terms of providing information in an analytical and practical way.

Today, one of the basic challenges in the discussion of laws is excessive resorting to the guarantee of criminal execution and subsequently limiting the freedoms of individuals, imposing exorbitant costs on the government and also interrupting the functioning of the judicial system. Considering the effectiveness of resorting to other measures In order to deal with the criminal phenomenon in order to reform and rehabilitate criminals and prevent re-commitment of crimes and reduce the inflation of the criminal population, the legislative criminal policy of most countries, including Iran, has moved towards the idea of limiting the scope of the intervention of the criminal system. The legislator of Iran, with the help of human rights doctrines and the latest findings of criminology in order to reduce the burden of the criminal system and by predicting mechanisms such as postponing the issuance of the sentence and suspension of the execution of the sentence, parole, alternative punishments of imprisonment, etc. It has adopted the approach of decriminalization as a way in the policy of retreating the criminal system.

Judicial institutions have been subject to many changes in history and in different societies, and as long as the absolute power was in the hands of the rulers of each society, they set the procedural rules in line with their goals and it was possible to handle many lawsuits in the process. The rights of each of the companions would be removed, this matter was far from the principles of legal proceedings. It must be said that a fair trial will be in which the sovereign power does not absolutely determine the principles of the trial. In the course of society's tendency towards judicial moderation, the jury emerged as a political, social and legal group with libertarian thoughts and opinions in various aspects of society, who together with the courts, give judicial opinions on matters within their jurisdiction. they paid. This research aims to examine the role of the jury in ensuring a fair trial and to answer the question of how the jury's assistance will be in order to guarantee a fair trial and to what extent the jury has been successful in achieving its goals. In summary, it should be said that the obtained results show that the jury guarantees the methods of study and the use of evidence, because the opinion of the jury is derived from the request of various classes that are members of the jury, which will play an important role in ensuring a fair trial. In this research, we will describe it in detail.

The employees of the General Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran are one of the most effective institutions in establishing the order and security of the country in order to carry out sensitive and vital missions. Faraja employees are always exposed to many risks and injuries due to the various assigned tasks and the nature of some missions. Importance Faraja's missions are so extensive that the smallest slip by any police officer will deal a big blow to the legal personality of the organization and reduce the level of people's trust in the police. Why and how to protect the employees of the police force. This research was conducted in an analytical and descriptive method and the data was collected by studying the books and articles available in the field of protection in the field of the police force. The findings of the study showed the importance of the issue of protection. (Why), the issue of self-preservation has always been the concern of the infallible imams and divine prophets in the religion of Islam, and many and narrations have been expressed about this issue; covering these narrations with the clothes of action makes people avoid committing ugly acts and no It becomes favorable in personal and social life. In addition, in the field of "how" to protect employees, creating an atmosphere of dialogue between employees and managers with the aim of meeting the needs of employees and expressing their points of view and problems, establishing organizational justice in dismissals and installations, holding training classes. By the political ideological organization in order to familiarize as many people possible with the concept of protection and its religious aspects, taking the necessary measures for the greater welfare of the employees provides the necessary grounds for the protection of police force employees.

Crime prevention is the most effective and best way to fight against social behavior and anomalies, which is also emphasized in Islam and has a high and valuable position in the country's criminal policy. From a scientific point of view, preventing the occurrence of any corruption and social and individual problem is the best way to fight it. Crime prevention is the newest criminological approach and the most effective way to fight crime in society. In this article, crime prevention from the perspective of Islam, how criminal prevention of crime in the law, and the role of cultural organizations in reducing crime are also examined. Is. In the end, the most effective way to fight against crimes and reduce them in the society is to prevent the occurrence of crimes in the society, and each of these institutions including the family , school, society and friends should use their efforts by providing suitable solutions and in order to maintain the emotional atmosphere in the society, the family's warm center should be supported, which causes If we want to be good citizens in the future, we must have a healthy family.

Judging is a serious and important matter in the Islamic judicial system, which requires full knowledge and mastery in all aspects of this matter. Judges are successful in their work if the judgments issued by them are based on legal materials and jurisprudence rulings and substantiated by valid Shari'a and legal evidences that lead to knowledge and certainty. The issue of the judge and the resolution of the conflict between the people of the administration of justice and the delivery of the right to the rightful is the basis of proceedings in Islamic courts, therefore, the judge is obliged to fully examine the evidence presented by The litigants are presented to pay in cases where they consider it necessary to study the evidence through investigation and examination of the place, expertise, etc. to do; One of the controversial issues related to the methods of proving a claim and has created questions in the minds of many researchers is the knowledge of a judge, meaning whether the knowledge of a judge is valid and valuable for proving a claim? If so, is it absolutely valid or in some cases? If not valid why? What are the evidences and documents of each? The present article aims to explain this issue and its purpose is to find a suitable answer to the above questions, therefore, to clarify the discussion and the usual procedure in this research, it is necessary to understand the concept of judge and its role in criminal matters and other evidences and the place of judge science in religions. Let's examine Islam and jurisprudence. And in the end, because the position of the judge is the position of credibility and decision-making, and the purpose of providing all the proceedings is to acquire the knowledge of the judge.