نشریه مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 62 (تابستان 1401)

Abnormality is one of the literary theories and one of the most effective methods in literary highlighting that has a lot of feedback in the field of poetry. Formalist theory holds that man is always associated with two kinds of language. The first is ordinary language, which conveys everyday messages, and literary language, which is used in the realm of art and literature and has its own delicacy. De-familiarization always establishes literary pleasures for the audience and improves the power of the human senses. The present study intends to deal with the category of semantic aberration and its different types with descriptive-analytical methods and relying on the poems of zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman and to answer the question of what semantic aberration is. And how is the bedrock of this norm used in the poems of zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman despite the commonalities and differences? Findings of the research through library search show that zhaleh Esfahani and Ghada Al-Samman have both benefited from imaginary forms and spiritual arrays.

One of the important issues in comparative literature research is the analysis of the reflection of words and linguistic structures in the literature of different nations. Undoubtedly, relations between different nations over the past centuries have led to cultural exchanges. Such relations between the land of Iran on the one hand and the Arab countries and the Indian subcontinent on the other hand led to the introduction of Persian words into Arabic and Indian. One of the most important language groups is Indo-European, which includes all the languages of the Indian subcontinent, Iran, as well as European, which is influenced by various factors such as the dominance of Muslim rulers, the migration of Iranian writers, conquests, bilingualism and culture... Vocabulary exchange has taken place between them. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, the reflection of some Arabic and Indian words in the culture of " Bahr Ajam " was investigated. And it was concluded that the Persian words involved in the Indian language are: words taken from Arabic and used in Hindi or in exactly the same sense, or their pronunciation, meaning, concept or structure has changed.

Comparing the literati of Iran and the Arab world is one of the topics that has been considered by Persian and Arabic scholars. Today, common social issues have provided grounds for intellectual commonalities and Social themes are also a recurring theme in contemporary literati around the world And due to the cultural and social convergence that exists between the literature and literati of Iran and the Arab world, a study of this perspective will bring new achievements to the research. Qasim Haddad and Ahmad Shamloo are two Bahraini and Iranian poets who have devoted a large part of their poems to expressing the realities of society due to the problems of society and the problems of the people. In this research, which has been compiled by library and descriptive-analytical methods, social themes in the poems of both poets have been studied with a comparative view. The political and social conditions prevailing in their societies, their poems have a lot in common, topics such as patriotism, freedom, oppression and justice are the common motifs of these two poets Which are presented with narrative and story-like context, choosing the right words and using internal music.

Animals have played a major role in human social life since the formation of human societies. Animals are the most important breeders, helpers and enemies of human beings and human beings have used them in their culture, myths, epics and all literary genres from the past to the present. Mythical birds are one of the most important mythological animals and Phoenix is one of the most characteristic mythological birds. Mythical birds are one of the most important mythological animals that have appeared in Persian and Arabic poetry and Phoenix is one of the most characteristic mythological birds that due to the outstanding traits that exist in this bird, has provided many potential interpretive possibilities in Persian and Arabic literature and poetry. Is . The results show that the functions of origin, ashes and birth, phoenix sound and damping are the most important functions of the phoenix myth in Attar Al-Tair area. One of the most important functions of Phoenix in Adonis's poems is to incorporate and transform the myth of Phoenix and give it a social aspect to the personal attitude at the beginning of the path to this myth.

André Gide (1869-1951) and Nader Ebrahimi (1815-1897) are contemporary writers who have focused on the element of love based on spiritual motives and expressing their human feeling in (Tight door) and (Forty short letters to my life). Love in the writing of these two writers is not limited to emotions and attachment, and as a major motif (subject) for expressing their opinions and ideas, they are, in fact, considered good and evil. Gide to show love representing the kind moral dependence in personality Alissa that he know to continue a mental rejoicing, moreover Ebrahimi believe this stability to be formed in union between virtue and respect internal. These two writers have made a link between love and sacrifice, which is more significant in the character of Alissa in (Tight door). From this perspective, in their writings and letters, they have spoken of love for sacrifice, spouse and loyalty, whose mystical, yet wise, attitude of love and affection is associated with the importance of love in social-family relationships. In this article love components, mention in Gide and Ebrahimi writings, will be considered by American school( similarities and contrasts) to show both writers with different attitudes towards love try to discover new concept of love.

One of the important issues in comparative literature research is the analysis of the reflection of words and linguistic structures in the literature of different nations. Undoubtedly, relations between different nations over the past centuries have led to cultural exchanges. Such relations between the land of Iran on the one hand and the Arab countries and the Indian subcontinent on the other hand led to the introduction of Persian words into Arabic and Indian. One of the most important language groups is Indo-European, which includes all the languages of the Indian subcontinent, Iran, as well as European, which is influenced by various factors such as the dominance of Muslim rulers, the migration of Iranian writers, conquests, bilingualism and culture... Vocabulary exchange has taken place between them. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, the reflection of some Arabic and Indian words in the culture of " Bahr Ajam " was investigated. And it was concluded that the Persian words involved in the Indian language are: words taken from Arabic and used in Hindi or in exactly the same sense, or their pronunciation, meaning, concept or structure has changed.

The world of numbers is a fascinating world in the world.The first and foremost number is the symbol of science,ranging into statistics and documented for any Discussion.Show the quadruple action and show the heart of the smallest neutron particles.Building the largest building in the world has always started from a small number and a simple Calculation,it is the number raised and down,the tidal fraction and the trajectory of the missile reaches to the surface of the moon. On the other hand,the rational and regular number that the base of the world is easily assailed is the color of the story and its vast concepts. The argument holds for the numbers of power and a particular symbol that can affect human life and the whole universe. One of the most widely used models is numbers. on the basis of Jung's theory, we consider the number of numbers in the above-mentioned works. They seem to have an accurate and accurate understanding of their numbers and use them in their works. Both are similar in practical concepts of numbers and have used it in their poems, especially in religious verses. The numbers are similar to symbolic meanings but with different frequencies in both of them. This research has been done by using library and digital Resources.

Undoubtedly, Nahj al-Balaghah, following holy Quran, is the most important Shi’ah book which is the manifestation of love, knowledge, humanity, government, justice, education, rhetoric, etc. Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya is about the fate, virtues, words and thoughts of ninety-six saints and elders have been mentioned with moral virtues sermons and words, and all its parts are full of the springs wisdom and knowledge and a unique mystical work. A comparative study of these two works undoubtedly reveals important aspects of their differences and similarities for researchers. In the present research, at first it is tried to extract the important mystical, points of the two works, and then to identify common and different themes by examining their similarities and differences, at last to use some verses of the Qur'an and prophetic hadiths as criteria to Analyze them. In this research which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to work on the main question of the research ie. the similarities and differences between them. The results of this research demonstrate that both of the works originate from Quran and Sunnah, however, the reason of some differences in type of attitude and interpretation. After examining and analyzing the extracted samples, the most important results include superiority of literal aspect of Tazkereh al-Awliya on the educational aspect, The extreme views of some sayings in Tazkereh al-Awliya, the use of literary arrays in it, contradictions in sayings, the expression of dignity and fictional exaggerations, etc. have caused differences in these two works.

The symbolic presence of the myth and its re-creation in the contemporary literature of the world, including Persian and Arabic literature, has caused the innovation and richness of literature. Based on the importance and impact that myths have on the content and thought of literary works and the necessity of a comparative study of this impact in the literature of nations, in the present research, with a descriptive-analytical method, to explain the causes and methods of the symbolic use of the Tammuz myth in Arabic culture and literature and mythology. Haji Firouz in Persian culture and literature. The results of this research show that the myth of Tammuz in Arabic literature is used in a symbolic way and indicates resurrection, modernism, hope and new life, and poets such as Khalil Al-Mawahir, Bayati, Siyab, etc. Arabic has used it symbolically. On the other hand, the mythical figure of Haji Firoz has not been used in the poems of contemporary Persian poets, but in folk ballads, it has been manifested as a symbol of Nowruz, rebirth, transformation, joy, negative struggle, and return. Despite some similarities between the myth of Tammuz and Haji Firouz, it seems that rereading the texts related to the two Muzis and the similarities between him and Haji Firouz are not enough to identify the two as having the same origin, and Tammuz and Haji Firouz cannot be considered to have a common origin.

Existentialist is one of the philosophical schools and means the originality of existence or the primacy of existence over nature, which left a great impact on literary currents. The main foundations of this philosophy are the primacy of the nature, individuality, freedom, endurance, excellence of the world, frustration, despair, vanity, sadness, loneliness and depression.. Considering the socio-political situation in Iran in Shahrivar 1320 and the relatively open space for challenging these ideas and the prevalence of translated works from this period, many contemporary poets and writers of literature, were influenced by this idea.That Sohrab Sepehri and Akhavan Sales were of those who were influenced by this idea during a part of these literary creation. Therefore, this study intends to study and analyze philosophical ideas in the poetry of Hajm Sabz System and in Zamestan System. In this research, based on library studies and philosophical analytical method, the author has tried to collect materials and prove his theories, and by examining the poems of Hajme Sabz and Zamestan , has come to the conclusion that they have seen the themes of existentialist philosophy with intensity and weakness in these poems of these poets. 

The social issues of each period have a significant impact on the formation of the literature of that period. Because contemporary poets share common social events and experiences and experience almost identical intellectual and cultural conditions; Therefore, it is natural to see common tendencies and themes in their works. In this passage, the poems of "Saeb" and "Fuzuli" as two poets of the Safavid period have been studied from a sociological point of view in a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question of what social themes each of these two poets pays attention to. And what social concerns they have reflected in their poetry. The results show that the poems of both poets have a significant potential for sociological studies. Most of the social issues were common in the poems of both poets, but rarely did they encounter themes that appeared only in the poetry of one poet, such as: the tendency towards narcotics, Eid al-Fitr, and the complaint against the heavens. The issue of homelessness and closeness to the homeland was also one of the issues that brought different views of the two poets.

Paying attention to the beginning of Islam and paying attention to the life of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) as well as the way of life of the companions of the Prophet and the special companions of the Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) caused many personalities in the present age to lose their epistemological model. The companions of the Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Amir (AS) should choose. Malek Ashtar Nakhaei is one of these characters. Malek was one of the leaders of Rashid Islam and one of the most devoted companions of the Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), whose governorship is famous in history. Malek Ashtar is one of the personalities who deserves to be a role model for the believers; Because he, after the rank and position of the Infallible Imams (AS), was the master of the time. The personal and social characteristics of Malek Ashtar made him always a role model and always caused fear and anxiety for the enemies. Martyr Qassem Soleimani, following his example, was one of the prominent commanders trained in the school of Islam who spent his entire life in jihad for the sake of God. In this article, while introducing these two commanders, we will deal specifically with the concept of the keyword "province". The result of this article was that several common characteristics of these two commanders are more frequent, including: guardianship, God-centeredness and spirituality, support and arm of the province, courage, optimism and genius and tact.