نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 27، بهار و تابستان 1401)

In order to evaluate effects of dietary protein content and threonine to lysine ration on intestinal morphology and mucin secretion, 480 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design (seven treatments of six replicates) with 2×4 factorial arrangement. Eight dietary treatments were formulated using four threonine to lysine ratio (0.55, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) and two standardized ileal digestible protein levels (17 and 18 percent) and fed for 15 to 35 days of age. Sampling was conducted on day 35 with two birds from each replicate. The ratio of 0.8 for threonine to lysine caused an increase in villus height in all parts of the small intestine and villus surface in the ileum, compared to other ratios (P<0.05). Reduction of dietary digestible protein level decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05). Increasing the threonine to lysine ratio up to 0.7, increased mucin secretion in the jejunum (P<0.05). Decreasing the threonine to lysine ratio to 0.55, increased digesta viscosity in all three parts of the small intestine (P<0.05). The ratio of 0.7 for threonine to lysine caused an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). On the other hand, reduction of dietary digestible protein level decreased the serum ALP (P<0.05). Regarding to the results, it seems that the optimum digestible threonine to lysine ratio for wheat-based diets to be around 0.7 to 0.8; and that with reduction in dietary protein level, higher ratios would be of more importance.

In this study, the effects of different levels of barley malt extract (BME) in the diet of ostrich chicks (one to 120 days old) on growth performance, some blood and serum parameters and bacterial population of feces were investigated. A total number of 48 day-old ostrich chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments including different levels of barley malt extract (0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg of basal diet) in a 120-day trial. The results showed that the use of malt extract increased weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio in the final period (P <0.05). Also, the number of heterophils and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes were decreased in the treatments containing BME. The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and VLDL were significantly (P <0.05) increased. The concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased whereas the total antioxidant capacity showed a significant increase (P <0.05). The number of coliforms and Escherichia coli bacterial population was significantly reduced in the treatments containing BME compared to the control treatment (P <0.05). It can be concluded that the use of BME in the diet of ostrich chicks improved immune function, antioxidant capacity and reduced the population of harmful bacteria. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of 10 g of BME per kg of diet shows the best performance in ostrich.

Present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on echocardiography, blood parameters and body chemical composition in two sex of broiler chickens. This experiment with 450 one-day-old chicks were selected for a period of six weeks from one to 42 days. This experiment was performed on a completely randomized design with three levels of Lcarnitine (0, 120, 60 mg/kg) with five replications in both males and females. The results showed that in the female, use of 120 mg/kg L-carnitine significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05). Increased serum albumin and globulin (p<0.05). The use of L-carnitine caused changes in serum triglyceride levels in males and females. In males, the highest amount of glucose and the lowest amount of triglyceride was observed in the diet containing 60 mg/kg of L-carnitine supplement. After echocardiography, indices of short fraction percentage, left ventricular cavity diameter in diastole stage increased significantly (p <0.05) in both sexes with 120 mg of L-carnitine. With increasing L-carnitine supplementation, a decrease in triglyceride level and an increase in serum protein were observed. Consumption of 120 mg / kg L-carnitine reduced breast fat, thigh fat and liver fat (p <0.05). L-carnitine supplementation altered echocardiographic parameters, serum parameters and body composition of male and female chickens. Consumption of L-carnitine at high altitudes is effective in improving metabolism and preventing metabolic disorder.

Currently, somatic cell count (SCCs) and bacterial culture are considered as the golden standard of detecting bovine subclinical mastitis. The above- mentioned tests have a low diagnostic accuracy. For identification of infected animals, new biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy are needed. The antioxidant enzymes change during mastitis, The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the GSH-PX and SOD for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy cows were randomly selected from dairy farms in Kohgiloye and Boyr Ahmad province, Yasouj. Of these, 55 cows were considered to be affected by subclinical mastitis based on a SCC higher than 130 × 1000 cells/mL of milk and positive CMT results of milk samples obtained from at least one of the quarters.Skimmed milk GSH-PX and SOD activites were measured using commercial kits (Randox Laboratories). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and cut-off points for each test were determined via receiver-operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis. Significant increase and decrease in the mean activites of GSH-PX (P < 0.0001) and SOD (P < 0.05) were found in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis respectively. Milk GSH-PX was the most accurate test with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity at cutoff point of > 37 IUl/ml.The results of present study showed that the measurement of oxidative stress parameters such as GSH-PX activity in milk sample could be used as reliable biomarker for detection of bovine subclinical mastitis.

Zingeber Officinale is among the most known and used plants in herbal medicine around the world. The root of this plant is specifically of anti-inflammatory properties. That is why we used powdered ginger rhizome to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects in puppies undergoing scrotal ablation. So, 10 healthy male dogs aged 2-3 months were assigned into 2 groups (control and treatment) randomly. Each dog was prescribed 250 mg of ginger rhizome powder orally just 2 hours before the surgery. This prescription was continued for 10 further days. Blood samples were collected in 5 times routinely. Further biochemical and hormonal analyses were done and results confirmed a significant decrease in the hormonal and biochemical factors, such as neutrophils, cortisol, urea, cholesterol and some hepatic enzymes such as LDH and ALP. Although serumic levels of glucose and albumin did not show a significant change, cortisol levels dropped significantly in 3rd and 24th hour. Also, there was a significant decrease in neutrophil levels in treatment group in 3rd hour and 3rd day. Among other factors, serumic levels of urea, ALP and LDH had shown to have significantly changed. Finally, oral administration of ginger rhizome powder following scrotal ablation in male dogs seems to control inflammatory and hematobiochemical conditions.

Effect of zeolite in preparturient diet on production, and reproduction traits in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements in time was studied. Diets included: 1) Control group (without zeolite), 2) Control+0.75% Zeolite, and 3) Control+1.5% zeolite. Dietary Ca was based of NRC recommended. The diets were fed to the animals during the last 15 days of gestation. After calving, all animals were fed with the same diet and their performance was evaluated. The control group had better raw milk production, and dry matter and energy intakes, but feed efficiency was higher in zeolite-consuming cows (P≤0.01). Protein, NDF and ADF intakes and corrected milk production (4%) were not significantly different among the groups. The milk fat percentage of zeolite-consuming cows were higher than the control (P≤0.01), but the percentages of protein, lactose and SNF were not significantly different. Plasma concentrations of total Ca, Ca++ and their ratio were similar during calving, but higher in zeolite-consuming cows at 6, 12 and 24 h postpartum (P≤0.01). The frequency of hypocalcaemia and postpartum disorders were higher in the control group than the other two groups (P≤0.01). Body condition score and colostrum quality of zeolite-consuming cows were higher than the control (P≤0.01). According to the results of this research, the use of zeolite at the level of 1.5% DM of preparturient diet is recommended and compared to the level of 0.75% DM and control group, it has a better effect on controlling blood Ca concentration and improving the production and reproductive traits of cows.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal administration of ozone on experimental wound healing in an animal model of rabbits. In this study, 40 Newzealandian rabbits, were selected for surgery. Full-thickness wound by 10 mm biopsy punch was create on the right side of thoracic vertebra. The rabbits randomly were divided into two equal groups of control and ozone. In the ozone group, up to three days after surgery, one dose of ozone was administered daily and after the third day, one day in between until the fourteenth day, ozone was administered by intraperitoneal injection. In the control group, normal saline solution was administered by intraperitoneal injection on the mentioned days, same as the ozone group. The macroscopic surface area of the wounds on days 2, 5, 9 and 14 were evaluated. From each group, 5 wounds on the mentioned days were examined histopathologically.  Macroscopic results showed differences between the two groups. In the Ozone group, the area of wound was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control group. Level of inflammation was significantly lower in the ozone group. On day 14, the control group had a significantly higher vascularization rate than the ozone group. It was concluded that systemic ozone therapy increases the quality of wound healing process.

The appropriate effects of supplementation with minerals and vitamins on reproductive performance have been well studied before. The object of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum supplementation with vitamin E and selenium on milk yield and reproductive performances in dairy cows. In this study, 247 Holstein dairy cows were selected during prepartum transitional period and divided randomly into two groups. A group: a single injection of vitamin E + selenium at Day 250 of gestation and B group: two injection of vitamin E + selenium at days 250 and 270 of gestation. Indices of reproductive performance, milk yield and milk somatic cell count were compared between two groups. There was no significant difference in reproductive indices in B group compared to A group. Milk yield in different month of after calving and somatic cell count did not show any significant difference between groups. In summary, the results of this study showed that use of extra supplementation with vitamin E and selenium in prepartum period did not significantly affect reproductive parameters, milk yield and the somatic cell count.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate e the reproductive performance following the treatment protocols for ovarian follicular cysts according to the status of endometritis in dairy cows.. A total of 94 dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts with considering the condition of endometritis were randomly divided into three treatment groups: Group 1: Control group did not receive any treatment, Group 2 that received 200 µg Gonaderoline plus 500 µg Cloprostenol and Group 3 that received the same hormone therapy plus aspiration of ovarian follicular cysts. The response to treatment of ovarian follicular cyst, reproductive performance of cows with, without endometritis and total cows was statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. A higher percentage (68.9%) of cows with ovarian cysts had endometritis. The percentage of cows that respond to treatment of ovarian follicular cyst was significantly higher in cows of with endometritis and total cows in hormonal applications plus cyst aspiration group (87.5% and 82.6%, respectively) compared to control (42.9% P= 0.02 and 46.2%, P= 0.02 respectively) and only hormonal applications (52.5% P= 0.01 and 59.6%, P= 0.04 respectively) groups, but no statistically significant differences were found in reproductive performance among the treatment groups. According to our results, the presence of endometritis at the same time as ovarian cysts has no significant negative effect on the treatment of ovarian follicular cysts in cow and the treatment of cyst with treatment of follicular cysts with hormonal applications plus cyst aspiration method can be used successfully in different endometritis conditions.

In recent decades, several studies have been performed on the evaluation of probiotics in fish and their positive has been reported on different species. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with 115±2 g average initial weight were randomly assigned to tanks and fed with different levels of Weissella confusa (0 [control] and 3 g W. confuca powder per 10 Kg diet [3× 107 CFU/g count]) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were taken from different parts of the intestine and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue preparation, sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results showed that morphology parameters including villi length and width in the anterior and posterior intestines of the treatment group were significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). According to the results, W. confusa probiotic can have positive effects on intestinal morphology and its absorptive surface area in rainbow trout.

Applying intranasal pre-anesthesia sedation and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in flamingo (Phoenicopterus Roseus), undergoing amputation; challenges and solutionsMost species of nondomesticated birds may react adversely to handling, which is required during medical and surgical procedures. Chemical restraint of captured birds is necessary to avoid stress, anxiety, and struggling that may reduce the chances of survival after a procedure. Birds have unique anatomical and physiologic features that have an important impact on anesthesia. A flamingo was taken to our clinic as a result of unsuccessful surgery in another center, after traumatic wing fracture. Surgeon decided to amputate the wing. Administration of intranasal midazolam (2 mg/kg) as a pre-anesthesia and intravenous ketamine (20 mg/kg) with diazepam (0/2 mg/kg) for induction and maintenance of anesthesia was done. Orthopedic surgery and anesthetic recovery were done without any complications. This protocol made acceptable anesthetic and recovery period in flamingo, when inhalation anesthesia is not available.

This report describes a case of anisocoria in a Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). A Eurasian eagle owl was presented to the rehabilitation center of general department of environment of Lorestan province. The owl had been found by an environmental ranger; it was unable to fly. On clinical examination the bird was mildly dehydrated, its attitude was dull and had ruffled feather. Clinical examination, whole body radiograph and different laboratory diagnoses were made to identify all abnormalities. Initial treatment included subcutaneous administration of 5 ml lactated Ringer’s solution, and 0·5 mg/kg meloxicam administered orally once daily. On the next day, by covering of either eye separately, the ability of bird to react to different stimuli was measured which revealed that right eye vision is impaired. Ocular examination also revealed a dilated right pupil (anisocoria in the right eye). The left pupil had a normal diameter for the ambient illumination. The ophthalmic examination indicated normal lens, vitreous, retinas and optic nerves. The eyelids, corneas and irises were also normal. Ten days after presentation, all clinical signs had resolved and the owl showed no clinical abnormalities, although anisocoria remained in the right eye. Based on the history, physical examination and radiograph previous trauma was suspected. This is the first report of anisocoria in an immature Eurasian eagle owl.