فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 36، تابستان 1401)

Kurdish is the language of millions of people on earth. Kermanji, Sorani (Southern Kermanji), Orami-Gorani and Southern Kurdish are the main dialects of Kurdish with several sub-dialects and accents. Southern Kurdish is the dialect of Kermanshah and Ilam regions. In Kermanshah, there exist dialects such as Kalhori, Jafi, Orami, and etc. Ilami Kurdish (Fili Kurdish), is the common language of the inhabitants of Ilam province and parts of Iraq such as Mendali and Khaneqin. Kalhori, Khazli, Arkavazi, Malekshahi, etc. form the dialects of the inhabitants of Ilam province. In the present study, with the aim of discovering and identifying some of the grammatical rules of Ilami dialects, Kalhori dialect (Ivan city and parts of Shirvan and Chardavol) and Fili dialect were compared in terms of verb forms. The results showed that there are many similarities in the grammatical rules of these dialects due to kinship, and at the same time, there are some differences in suffixes when the verbs are conjugated in the second and third person singular forms.

Balochi literature has a long history and grown significantly in the contemporary period, but compared to the literature of some other ethnic groups in Iran has remained unknown for various reasons. Poetical art has been an integral part of Baloch life and poetry still has many fans and enthusiasts. The Poetry of Ravanbad is the most popular and very famous in Balochistan. This bilingual poet has written many poems in Persian and Balochi languages and his most important poem is "Makkoran". This poem is in Balochi and has 317 stanzas and is in the traditional Balochi form and composed in the form of prosodic or poetical metre. The fame of this poem is mostly due to the minstrels or the so-called "Pahlevanan". This is a small encyclopedia of knowledge of Balochistan, especially Makkoran and its people. This poetic work is considered to be one of the masterpieces of contemporary Balochi literature and is at the peak of rhetoric and eloquence. The poet, in this poem talks about the culture, customs, past history, beauties of Balochistan, the originality and masculinity of Baloch people, the longing of the past of this people and the adherence to morality and religion. This poem is in many ways, comparable to the Turkish poem of Haidar Baba. In this article, we first present and review the structure and theme of Makkoran poem and then compare it to the poem of Haidar Baba.

One of the prominent actions occuring in many fairy tales is the ritual and symbolic marriage of princesses. In some of these stories, contrary to the norm, we face Animal-wife.one of the most famous of them being snake. In the course of history, in Aryan as well as global culture, snake has played various and sometimes contradictory roles, at times attaining a divine status and at another time behaving as an evil. It seems that snake, for various reasons, is one of the most ancient animal- bridegrooms, and other birds and animals like frog, bear, swan have assumed this role at later stages. The influence of the Abrahamic religions on the degradation of the snake is significant. In folk tales, marrying a snake could have different reasons which are historically justified. In addition to the common motives for animal-bridegroom tales, the main reasons for the emergence of snake-wife stories are the antiquity, holiness, and symbolic fertility of the snake wife. In tale symbolism; The snake is both a female and a male sexual symbol. That is why sometimes he is the bride and sometimes the groom. The presence of this beautiful animal in the tales as a wife who continues to transform into a human being, can dispel the child's fear of a marriage from which those around him have made a taboo.

Yazdi dialect is one of the oldest and richest central languages of Iran, which is more different from the standard Persian dialect in terms of phonetic features and use of local and historical words; But in some cases, it also has morphological and syntactic coordinates. In this paper, in a descriptive, analytical and martyrdom method, to study the main rules and characteristics of phonetics, morphology and syntax, such as: Phonological processes, types of verbs, tenses and aspects of verbs, construction and types of nouns, types of personal and impersonal pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, letters, descriptive and derivative verbs and numbers of Yazdi language are discussed. In the analysis of the mentioned rules, descriptive grammar methods and valid sources of linguistics and grammar have been used. In the use of word types, in addition to the differences due to the phonetic features of the native dialect, in terms of the use of a number of verbs, such as: Isundan  /? Isundæn /, Heshtan /heštæn/, khosbidan /xosbidæn/, nouns, adjectives are also frequent. There are differences in the use of the suffix (ok: ok) compared to the standard dialect. In Yazdi dialect, the fractional number is mainly obtained from the repetition of two prime numbers; So that the larger number is the first and the smaller number is the second.

Mazandarani language and dialects belong to the branch of Iran's northwest languages and constitute a group of languages coming from the coast of the Caspian Sea. The dialects in this province are made up of two main eastern and western languages, and owing to the influence of Gilaki Language, the more we move from the east towards the west of the province, the greater the discrepancies in terms of vocabulary and sounds of the languages will be. Baboli dialect belongs to the eastern branch of Mazandaran province dialects which draws striking resemblance to other dialects of the regions from structural, and sound patterns. Collecting these words and receiving their meanings and concepts, in addition to preserving and preventing their destruction, can help to recognize ancient words, knowledge of phonetic-phonological changes and collect the necessary data to compile the etymological dictionary of Iranian dialects. In this research, two methods, field and descriptive-analytical research and linguistic intuition of one of the author who is the speaker of the dialect have been used. Etymological and phonetic analysis of these words show that many of them in the Baboli dialect sometimes have remained unchanged or with a slight change from Middle Persian to the present, and Some of them are even very similar to the words of older languages such as Avestan and Sanskrit.

Frame Semantics was first proposed by Charles Fillmore (1982). Frame Semantics states that word meaning is constructed within a system of knowledge which is deeply rooted in the socio-cultural experiences of humans. In this theory, the conception of 'Frame' is deemed to be an approach towards semantic analysis of natural languages. "Verbs" as the most important construction of the languages are present in most of the states and occurrence of the events and play an important role in semantic change. The aim of this study is evaluating the efficiency of Frame Semantics in Lori Mamasani and providing the semantic frames of certain verbs of this dialect. The data in this study consists of 32 verbs out of 128 verbs collected from Lori Mamasani which were analyzed through descriptive-analytical approach. Analyzing the semantic frames of these verbs, our findings suggest that there are significant differences between the semantic frames of these verbs with their corresponding verbs in standard Persian. We shall argue that these differences originate from social and individual experiences of societies. These verbs, in their utility range, have more meaning inferences and more concepts compared to standard Persian. In other words, they have undergone semantic variation and have lost their meaning components in standard Persian over time.