فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 41، پاییز 1402)

Bashakardi is a common dialect in the southern of Kerman province and eastern Hormozgan which includes the towns: South Rudbar, Anbarabad, Kahnouj, Manojan, Qaleganj, Fareyab, Minab, Senderk, Hashtbandi, Bashakard and Marz. Beshkardi dialect is one of the vernaculars belonging to the group of southwestern Iranian languages and dialects. Although in terms of taxonomy, Bashkardian dialect and Persian language are in the same group, but, mutual understanding between their speakers is not possible. The subject of this article is the investigation of the verb structure in "Bashkardi dialect", and its purpose is to know its phonetic and morphological features. The author tried to give a short but accurate description of this dialect by expressing the important features of it, especially compared to standard Persian, and representing the similarities and differences of the verb system in this dialect with standard Farsi. Based on the findings of this research, the most obvious characteristic of this dialect, in terms of grammar, is the use of ergative construction in the past tense of transitive verbs.

The purpose of this study is to describe and to analyze some phonological processes of weakness based on optimality theory in the Sistani dialect. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical one. For this purpose, 10 old, illiterate, male, and rural speakers were randomly selected and the linguistic data collected by using free speech recordings, available library resources, and their interviews. Then, the found data extracted from the recorded sentences and the data registered according to the international alphabet phonetic system. After that, phonological processes of weakening in the Sistani dialect were classified. In the next step, the constraints extracted based on optimality phonology. Finally, the limitations extracted from each phonological process were described and analyzed in special tables of optimality theory. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the phonological processes of weakening in the Sistani dialect can be analyzed based on optimality theory. This study showed that the most faithfulness constraints of weakening processes were violated in this dialect. There were anti-deletion constraint (MAX) and the similarity constraint of the features of place and manner of articulation IDENT (place & manner). Likewise, the presence of consonant clusters and the existence of the CODA in this dialect produces a marked structure. Finally, it can be concluded that there were markedness constraints that played a role in determining the optimal output and are ranked higher than the faithfulness constraints.

The famous formalist, Vladimir Propp, began the structural analysis of the folkloric stories in 1928 by investigation 100 Russian stories. His model in recent years was studied as one of the common methods of structural analysis of the nation’s stories. Since the Azerbaijani stories, such as folklores with their great and rich precedence, have not investigated structurally, we have tried to study these stories with structural patterns. To do so, ten Azerbaijani Local legends from Samad Behranghi and Behrooz Dehghani selected and edited from Azarbaijani Legends Book and then they were analyzed according to Vladimir Propp theory. In this research, repetition, omission, lack of succession of the functions are obvious and 6-pair related to the studied stories were obtained which do not show complete compatibility with Propp theory. However, by achieving 29 functions from 31 Propp functions, it can found conformity of Propp theory with Azerbaijan legends.

Proverbs represent the beliefs, attitudes, culture, traditions, knowledge and attention of a nation to various issues, quoted in the form of popular cliché and metaphorical statements. On the one hand, such aphoristic sentences depict the nation’s beliefs, on the other hand, they potentially have a remarkable educational role. Proverbs cross people’s mind and are uttered in different situations. In fact, proverbs are mostly used to taunt people and to inform them, or to emphasize something. Since there is a great relationship between the level of attention paid to life-skills in a nation and their culture, it is possible to find out how much that nation considers life-skills by studying common proverbs there. The present study dealt with 400 common Lori’s proverbs of Kohkilouye and Boyerahmadi based on the level and manner of paying attention to the components of life-skills using a descriptive and analytical method. The results indicated that the constituents of communication-skills, critical-thinking and problem-solving had the highest frequency, and the components of creative-thinking and decision-making had the lowest one. Communication-skills were mostly informative, the components of other skills such as critical-thinking, problem-solving, and empathy were used more to taunt people. The constituents of the skill of managing negative emotions were used both for teaching and informing, and for taunting people.

The following article tries to investigate the influence of popular culture on the understanding of Azerbaijani Turkish poetry. For this purpose, the poem “Əmoğlı (Əmoğlu)" written by Seifi Ardabili has been chosen as the linguistic corpus of this research. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. To analyze the poems, the principles of linguistics, especially the relationship between language and culture, have been used. The results of the present research show that language strata such as sounds, phonemes, words, expressions, conjunctions, grammatical clauses, proverbs, and presuppositions, along with the various cultural terms are used in this poem, which have a direct relationship with the level and type of understanding as well as the way of communication with the listener of it.Therefore, the reasons for the influence of “Əmoğlı’s (Əmoğlu)" poetry, in addition to its extraordinary performance by Salim Moazenzade Ardabili, can be found in two cases: a) maximum use of language capacity at different levels of the Turkish language; b) The poet's mastery of the cultural and social context of Azerbaijan and the use of cultural schemes and their integration and application in the mentioned language levels to convey the meaning to the listener. Changing the mental image of the reader or listener of the poem, sharing the linguistic and cultural assumptions and using the phonetic/phonology features of the language in order to convey the meanings intended by the poet are examples of these cases.

Understanding conceptual relations is essential for considering and conveying meaning, because when examining different types of meaning, it seeks to go beyond the level of linguistic construction and determines the exact meaning of a word in and outside the contexts. This research aims to determine the type and frequency of conceptual relations between Gilaki words used in the folklore tales of Guilan, showing the prevailing semantic relationships among them. For this purpose, 62 stories from the book Folklore Tales of Guilan were analyzed. This research was descriptive-analytical. Conceptual relations including hyponymy, synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, homography, member-collection, meronymy, portion-mass, and repetition were analyzed and the frequency of each was calculated. The results showed that among the types of lexical relations, the occurrence frequency of the lexical relation of hyponymy had the highest frequency with 84%. After the lexical relation of hyponymy, the frequency of occurrence of each of the conceptual relations was determined in the following order: meronymy 6%, portion-mass 3%, synonym 2%, homonymy 1%, member-collection 1%, polysemy 1%, homography 1 %, and repetition 1%. Moreover, between Gilaki words in this variety of language, semantic lexical relations of semantic opposition, semantic contrast and collocation have not been used.