نشریه پژوهش های به زراعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

Soil salinity and poor irrigation water quality are a global problem in crop production. Thedevelopment of tolerant cultivars is one of the most important solutions to overcome theproblem of salinity, but it requires access to and identification of genetic resources withgenetic diversity for this trait. In order to identify germplasm tolerant to salinity stress andeffective traits, 413 accessions from the bread wheat collection of the National Plant GeneBank of Iran were cultivated in the 2012-2013 crop year in saline lands of ArdakanResearch Station and also under normal condition in Karaj research filed in Augmentedstatistical design and evaluated by measuring agronomic traits. Based on the results ofdescriptive statistics under salinity stress, spike density (20.27%) and five-spike grainweight (19.99%) were the highest and days to spike (7.90%) and days to full maturity(4.90%) had the lowest coefficient of variation. The highest mean decrease in theevaluated traits under salinity stress compared to normal condition belonged to the grainweight of five spikes (31.02%) and 100-grain weight (21.82%). Under salinity stress,accessions of KC 11791 (5.6 g) and KC 11622 (5.4 g) had highest value of 100 grainweight, and accessions KC 11946 (9.0 g) and KC 11816 (8.78 g) possessed highest valueof grain weight of five spikes. Under salinity stress, the first four principal componentsaccounted for 77.76% of the data variation. The studied genetic materials weredifferentiated into five groups using K means cluster analysis. The results of the presentstudy led to the identification of a large number of wheat bread tolerant to salinity stresswith a range of diversity in the evaluated traits that can be used as diverse raw materials inbreeding programs

In order to investigate the effect of different sulfur levels application with planting densityon yield and yield components of rice of Tarom mahali cultivar, a split plot experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized format with 12 treatments and 4 replications in2011 in Babol. Experimental factors included sulfur at 4 levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g perseedling box) as the main factor and 3 planting density (30 × 13, 30 × 15 and 30 × 17 cm2)as a secondary factor. Measured traits included plant height, 1000-seed weight, number ofleaves, number of tillers, cluster length, number of pro-empty seeds, Leaf Area Index andseed yield. The results showed that the application of sulfur increased the number of fullgrains in the cluster and also the interaction effects of sulfur application and plantingdensity increased the weight of 1000 grains compared to the control. The results of meancomparison showed that planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2, 100 g of sulfur caused96.65% increase in 1000-seed weight compared to planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2and 50 g of sulfur. Also, the maximum and minimum number of tillers in the mound wereobtained from the combined treatment of planting density 17× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfurand planting density 15× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfur respectively.

In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid foliar application onsome morphological traits of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under salt stress conditions,an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Islamic Azad University, Yadgar-e-ImamKhomeini (RA) Shahre Rey Branch. The experiment was done as factorial based oncompletely randomized design with four repetitions, the experimental factors include:salinity stress in four levels: 0, 25, 60 and 95 mM, salicylic acid foliar spraying in twolevels non-use (control) and 0.7 mM consumption and spraying of jasmonic acid wasconsidered in two levels: no consumption (control) and 100 µM. The results of varianceanalysis showed that the simple effects of salinity stress, application of salicylic acid andjasmonic acid were significant on all investigated traits, and among these traits, rootlength, number of leaves and root dry weight were influenced by the triple interactioneffects of experimental factor. The simple mean comparison results indicated that undersalt stress conditions with 95 mM sodium chloride, the lowest plant height (41.93 cm),root length (9.79 cm), number of leaves (4.62) , the leaf area of a single plant (140.73),the fresh weight of aerial parts (12.93 grams), the dry weight of aerial parts (2.46 g) androot dry weight (1.42 g) were obtained. The highest amount of shoot dry weight )7.42 g(observed in non salinity stress and spraying with 100 µM jasmonic acid and themaximum amount of root dry weight )3.03 g( were gained in non salinity stress, using 0.7mM of salicylic acid and 100 μM of jasmonic acid conditions. Therefore, it can be statedthat the use of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid as anti-stress agents improved all themorphological characteristics of the artichoke medicinal plant.

One of the most important applications of nanotechnology in agriculture is the use of Nanofertilizers to feed plants to improve plant nutrition and minimize the costs of environmentalprotection, and hydroponic cultivation, due to the lack of environmental pollution to the soil, isa suitable method. To produce agricultural products. For this purpose, a factorial study wasconducted in the form of a complete randomized design with three replications in a greenhouselocated in Nazarabad, Karaj, on Italian basil as hydroponic cultivation. The treatments of thisexperiment include foliar application of humic acid at three levels (no consumption control ascontrol, 500, 1000 mg.l-1), foliar application of micronutrients at three levels (0, iron Nanochelate and zinc Nano chelate) and solution Spray of cytokinin hormone was at two levels (0and 100 μM). The results showed that after increasing in humic acid concentration, the yieldand quality traits of Italian basil increased and foliar application of micronutrients (iron andzinc) as well as cytokinin hormone increased the traits studied compared to the control. Humicacid 1000 mg.l-1 × Nano-chelate on × cytokinin leads to an increase of 39.99% and also theinteraction of humic acid 1000 mg/l iron Nano-chelate × cytokinin gained to 115.34% increasein plant dry weight ratio Witnessed.

Drought stress has reduced the yield and cultivated area of faba bean in many regions of Iran. So,in order to identify the best drought stress tolerance indices and select drought tolerant genotypes,24 genotypes of faba bean from ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in DryAreas) drought resistance nursery and control cultivar (Barekat) were planted in two separateexperiments at Gorgan and Gonbad agricultural and natural resources research stations (GolestanAgricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center). Faba bean genotypes wereevaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications in 2015-2016. To determine droughttolerant genotypes, it is necessary to grow them under both stress and non-stress condition. To thisend, various stress tolerance indices such as tolerance (TOL), Stress Sensitivity Index (SSI), MeanProductivity (MP), Stress Tolerance Idex (STI), Geometric Man Poductivity (GMP), Yield Index(YI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index (K1STI) were calculated based on the genotypes in stressedyield in stress and non-stressed conditions. Multiple variance analysis of data showed that therewas a significant difference between the genotypes. In medium stress conditions (SI = 0.46), therewas a correlation between bean pod yield in stress and non-stress conditions, which indicates theability to generalize the yield results in non-stress to moderate drought stress conditions. MP,GMP, STI, HM, YI and K1STI indices can be used to identify tolerant genotypes due to theirpositive and significant correlation with yield in both stress and non-stress conditions. Therefore,1, 3, 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 genotypes were selected for further investigations in thecrossbreeding program of drought resistance.

In order to investigation Effect of zinc and boron micronutrient and chelated nano-fertilizersfoliar application on yield and yield components of wheat in Khorramabad region, a factorialexperiment in the form of complete randomized block design with three replications was carriedout in mamolan lorestan region in 2019-2020. In this experiment, two factors were examined.The first factor includes zinc and boron micronutrient foliar application in 3 levels (control,two per thousand and four per thousand) and the second factor includes nano-fertilizer foliarapplication in 4 levels (control, two per thousand, four per thousand and six per thousand).Micro consumption elements and chelate nano-fertilize comprise boron and zinc and microcomplete respectively. The experimental results showed that foliar application of lowconsumption elements (zinc and boron) had positive effect on all the studied traits. Also, foliarapplication of chelate fertilizer showed significant effect on all studied traits except for harvestindex. The highest Seed yield (4442 kg /ha) and 1000 seed weight (38/87 g) were observed intwo per thousand of micronutrients and six per thousand of chelate nano-fertilizer. Due to thepositive effects of micronutrients consuming in increasing the yield of crops and due to thewidespread shortage of these elements in agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay specialattention to these important nutrients in agricultural projects and soil fertility managementprograms and plant nutrition, to be able to harvest more and better quality products in order tomeet the nutritional needs and improve the health of people in the community.