فصلنامه پژوهش های سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی انرژی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) with potential environmental, economic and social benefits are designed to improve energy efficiency and reliability. In this study, artificial intelligence and smart grids were studied to supply electricity for a green cottage. The obtained results are essential for designing, implementing, and building HRES. Three cost-benefit and environmental, economic scenarios were assessed. The first scenario aimed for a 23.8% renewable energy penetration. The second scenario aimed for "renewable and cost-effective" with a 54% renewable energy penetration rate. The third scenario aimed to supply the green cottage Electrical energy with renewable energy entirely. Using the first scenario, with average daily fuel consumption of 1.11 liters, the annual hybrid renewable energy conversion system produces 1697 kWh of energy, with a net present value (NPV) of $553.68 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 21.49% and a payback period of 15.71 years. In the second scenario, with average daily fuel consumption of 0.694 liters, total annual energy production is 1652 kWh, NPV is $341.47, IRR is 19.5%, and the payback period is 17.61 years. In the third scenario, the system produced 1933 kWh per year, with an NPV of -372.9 dollars and an IRR of 15.08 percent. This scenario has financially not feasible, and the depreciation and return on investment periods are outside the project life. The least effective is on fixed assets and increasing the feed-in tariff of renewable energy is the most important factor in project economics, followed by reducing operating costs.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change calls on member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible in order to combat global warming. Iran has announced 4 and 12 percent emission reduction targets in 2030 in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions compared to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario, in which the energy sector has the largest share in this program. On the other hand, the goals of the country's upstream documents in the field of energy economy and environment show that the country is serious in policy-making level to reduce energy intensity and improve efficiency, which will implicitly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, while reviewing the policies of the country’s upstream documents in the field of energy economy and environment, we introduce the goals that are in line with GHGs mitigation, and by optimizing the national energy system, we have compared these goals in the form of different scenarios with the BAU scenario. The results show that reducing the energy intensity and reducing per capita emissions according to the national targets will reduce the emissions in the energy sector by 50 to 65%, which is significant compared to the INDCs targets. In addition, modifying energy pricing –especially in industrial sector- based on the assumptions of this research can be effective in reducing GHGs emissions in the energy sector up to 20%.

development of the oil industry requires the development of technology, and one of the contractual benefits in the upstream part of the oil industry is related to this. Realization and strengthening of technological learning in this industry can be considered as one of the most important dimensions of development in it. question of the present study is, first of all, what are the factors affecting technological learning in the upstream part of the oil industry? And second, which of the two upstream Buyback contract and IPC frameworks has the greatest capacity to deliver technological learning? Therefore, after conducting documentary and library studies, initial statistics of the factors affecting technological learning were performed and in the next stage, in order to complete and validate the identified factors, specialized interview tools with experts were used and the final factors were presented. In the next step, different related clauses were identified in both reciprocal sale contract buyback and IPC. After forming the matrix of clauses and factors, the coverage of each factor in different clauses of both frameworks was analyzed. results show that none of the contractual frameworks has the capacity to fully cover the technological learning factors, although the contractual IPC framework in this field is in a better position than cross-selling. Technology development is more than the capacity of these contracts.

Energy, as one of the most important production factors and also one of the most essential final products, has a special place in the economic growth and development of countries. Financial development is also known as one of the factors affecting economic growth, which can affect energy consumption in different ways. In this research, using composite data and the PVAR (vector autoregression) method, to examine the role of country risk in the relationship between financial development and energy consumption in selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Malta, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Lebanon, Yemen, Syria and Oman) for the time period 2000-2020. The results indicate the positive effect of financial development variable, consumer price index and risk on the variable of energy consumption per capita. Financial development has been able to have a positive effect on the energy consumption process by providing

This study examines the impact of participation of employee in decision making and strategic control on organizational politics and shows how organizational politics affects organizational performance. In order to do this, this study has modeled specific paths and directions in which organizational politics affects performance. While organizational politics is a common topic in the management literature, and studies have been conducted on the relationship between politics and organizational performance, previous research has done less empirical study of its antecedents. In this study, by examining the literature on organizational politics, two factors of employee participation in decision-making and strategic control were selected as preconditions for political behavior so that the proposed model in this study can better understand the impact of organizational components of employee participation. And provided strategic control over organizational politics and subsequent organizational performance. The findings of this study, by analyzing the data obtained from the regional electricity and electricity distribution companies, show that at high levels of employee participation in decision-making, along with appropriate strategic controls, organizational politics is weakened. Lower organizational politics improves organizational performance.

Due to the growing urbanization in the world, increasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have led to environmental pollution and also the cost of energy, especially for low-income urban groups is one of the most important issues and challenges facing countries around the world. Finding sustainable development. Achieving the goals of sustainable energy policy, providing security, environmental protection and economic growth depends on energy efficiency. This study aims to investigate the impact of physical indicators of affordable housing in terms of energy efficiency in global cases. Considering the importance of examining global experiences as a guide for managers, planners and housing policymakers in Iran, in this article we have tried to examine the physical indicators affecting energy efficiency in affordable housing in Chicago, Topeka, Santiago and Riverside. Utilizing global policies and achieving a framework for planning the physical indicators of affordable housing with the aim of reducing energy consumption and reducing the costs of housing operation is the main topic of this article. The research method is analytical-descriptive, data collection has been done in the form of library and documentary studies. The results of this article show that in general, the success of the affordable housing sector in terms of energy efficiency in global cases requires physical measures in the field of architectural design, including improving the design of home spaces and building elements, as well as improving the elements of temperature and humidity in the sector..