نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1401)

International political approaches is always one of the most important issues in developing and developed countries. The oil industry is one of the most important industries in our country where the role of international political approaches has been very important and it has a great impact on the plans for oil extraction and production as well as exports to various countries around the world; Therefore, this study has attempted to examine the role of international political approaches as an impetus for strategic technological alliance. In this research, after studying the relevant literature and using the library method, the subject of preliminary research is discussed; then, by using qualitative approach and interviewing experts, the concepts and categories are extracted. Influences on international political approaches have been addressed as the impetus for entry into alliances. One of the important issues in this regard is the structure of political institutions, which has led to the notions of political stability and order, structural diversity and separation. Another identified category is laws and regulations derived from the concepts of legal barriers, rule of law and political risk. The third identified issue is the existence of an appropriate international political space that encompasses the concepts of policy compliance, regional security and stability, international cooperation and membership in political, economic, and international organizations.

It is necessary to use an appropriate valuation model in order to finance and attract start-up companies in order to develop the business and successfully enter the domestic and international markets. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors and determine the importance and performance of each of those effective factors. This research is of applied type and descriptive-exploratory method has been done using Delphi technique. The data collection tool of this research was a questionnaire consisting of 55 questions based on the theoretical literature in the field of start-ups. The statistical population of this study is theoretical and experimental experts in the field of entrepreneurship, marketing and start-ups, 30 of whom have been selected by non-random sampling and available sampling. Using Shannon entropy technique, Chi-square test and performance-matrix matrix, the data were analyzed and analyzed, according to which variables such as company innovation levels, customer relationship, both in terms of importance and performance are in a good position to continue and variables Like the attractiveness of the idea / product, the strength and quality of the entrepreneurial team is at a high level in terms of importance, but is not in a good position in terms of performance and requires more focus of relevant policy makers and executives.

Internationalization is of special importance in the stone industry, because the country's stone industry, like other industries, has many capabilities and capacities. Paying attention to this important issue can solve many trade and economic problems of the country. The present study aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the internationalization of industries active in the field of raw material extraction and focusing on the Iranian stone industry. In terms of purpose, it is a development-applied study and in terms of nature, it is a descriptive study with inductive approach. The research strategy is combined (qualitative and quantitative), so in the first stage, in order to identify the components, the strategy of reviewing resources and specialized texts in this field and compiling a content validity questionnaire (CVR) was used to validate the identified components. In the second stage, in order to rank the identified components and factors, the pairwise comparison spectrum was used using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP) method. The statistical population of the research included professors, activists in the field of stone industry, marketing managers and managers of research and development of companies active in the stone industry. The results were determined and ranked based on 2 dimensions, 11 components and 34 indicators. According to the research experts, the external dimension, market component and exchange rate index had the highest priority.

Export is one of the key criteria for the internationalization of companies in various businesses, which plays a very important role in the life of companies. On the other hand, the complexity of conditions and the competitiveness of markets have led companies to take advantage of innovation capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation capability on the export performance of small and medium enterprises in East Azerbaijan province with the mediating role of social capital.

This research is an applied and quantitative study. Also, small and medium companies in East Azerbaijan province have been selected as the statistical population of this study. In this study, random sampling was performed. Data collection in this study was done through a questionnaire. To analyze and interpret the hypotheses, structural equation modeling method was used by SPSS23 and Amos23 software.

The results show that the ability to innovate directly affects social capital and export performance. Also, social capital has a positive effect on export performance. Finally, the mediating role of social capital between innovation capability and export performance was confirmed.

Small and medium enterprises can improve their competitiveness through social capital and lead to better competitiveness and increase the development and improvement of export performance.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for the country of origin effect on the consumer's purchase intention in the home appliance market. This research was conducted by the qualitative method, an exploratory approach, and using the Grounded theory. The statistical population was the activists and experts in the field of home appliances; 11 people were selected for interview by snowball method. Finally, six selected codes were extracted by using open, axial, and selective 6-dimensional coding by the Strauss and Corbin method. These selected codes include Causal factors, pivotal factors, strategies, underlying factors, intervening factors, and consequences. After identifying that category and the relationships between them, the model of the effect of the country of origin on the consumer's purchase intention was designed. The results of the present study show that cognitive and normative dimensions of the causal factors affect the emergence of the effect of the country of origin, each of those dimensions includes several concepts. Through data analysis, we also discovered strategies and actions that are categorized in two sub-categories: producer-related actions and government-related actions. The consequences of the application of strategies are divided into two categories: micro-level and macro-level consequences.

Globalization, with the concept of business homogenization on a global scale, is considered as an important phenomenon. In the age of globalization, nations are more economically connected than ever before. Participation in international marketing activities has been the focus of many companies due to the provision of profit and growth opportunities, exploitation of economies of scale, diversification of business risks, acquisition of technical expertise and knowledge, and improvement of competitive advantage. Therefore, economic sanctions are still an important and at the same time controversial tool of foreign policy, and the powerful economic countries of the world use the tool of sanctions, especially economic sanctions, as one of the levers of pressure. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing an international marketing model in the context of sanctions. The research method used in this research is qualitative and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists familiar with the subject of research; Among them, 12 successful export managers and university professors familiar with the subject of research were selected through the snowball technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A total of 92 codes were identified in the form of sentences, quasi-sentences and words, which were classified into 10 sub-categories and 4 main categories; These four categories are the main factors affecting the success of international marketing in the face of sanctions, which are: financial and monetary factors; Legal and political; Empowerment and infrastructure factors.

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of social entrepreneurial orientation on the development of market orientation and value co-creation. The present study is a descriptive and correlational research based on the purpose of an applied research and also on how to obtain the required data. In this research, library and field methods have been used to collect information. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the questionnaire data. The statistical population of this research is the managers and marketing experts of the top exporting companies in the food industry and the available sampling method and Cochran's formula have been used to obtain the sample size. The results of the study show that innovation and Effectual orientation play a mediating role in influencing the Social mission orientation on the Sustainability orientation; Sustainability orientation mediates the impact of innovation Effectual orientation on preventive action; Preventive action mediates in influencing the tendency to sustainability on market orientation and value creation, and market orientation also mediates in influencing preventive action on value co-creation; Risk management also plays a role in influencing the Sustainability orientation on preventive action.

Despite the increasing number of food industry export companies in Kermanshah province of Iran, the basic needs of these companies have not been fully addressed and key players are witnessing a risky business environment. Therefore, presenting a model of export performance improvement with an emphasis on the role of logistics strategic orientation is of the utmost importance. In the present study, using grounded theory approach, the logistics strategic behavior of food exporting companies in Kermanshah province is studied. The statistical population includes the experts and senior managers of food exporting companies in Kermanshah province. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until the theoretical saturation was achieved. By performing open coding, 76 different concepts were extracted. These concepts have been categorized into 16 categories through the axial coding process. Finally, using the grounded theory paradigm model, 6 aggregate themes were obtained which include: causes (export general challenges, logistics quality for export goods, and the firms' development performance), phenomenon (province's capabilities in food export), intervening conditions (the improvement costs of export goods logistics, management styles in export companies, firms' structural characteristics, and human resources), context (the role of governance, communication, and marketing), strategies (infrastructure strategies, support strategies, digital transformation strategies, and operational strategies), and consequences (direct desired results, and indirect desired results).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of expertise and trustworthiness of TPO endorsement on perceived value and customer loyalty by the moderating role of parasocial relationship among customers of foreign dental equipment in Mashhad. This research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population of foreign dental equipment customers in Mashhad was included dentists with offices who have 10 years of experience who were estimated at about 400 people. Also, the sample size according to Morgan table was equal to 196 people. The data collection tool was a 16-item questionnaire of Yuan et al. (2020). In order to evaluate the validity, content and structure validity (convergent validity, divergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability coefficient) were used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS software and at the inferential level to test the hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method was calculated using Smart-PLS software. The results of hypothesis analysis showed that the trustworthiness and expertise of TPO affect the perceived value. Perceived value also affects customer loyalty and therefore the mediating role of perceived value in the relationship between trustworthiness and expertise of TPO with customer loyalty was confirmed. However, the moderating role of parasocial relationship in the effect of trustworthiness and expertise on perceived value was not confirmed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the robustness, resilience, and sustainability of the supply chain of e-commerce companies. The statistical population of this research is all e-commerce chain stores in Semnan. As the number of units located in this city is limited to several e-commerce chain stores; Therefore, due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample size of 136 people is considered using the Morgan table. On the other hand, the sampling method used in the present study is convenience sampling. In addition, four standard questionnaires were used to assess research variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to measure reliability. Data analysis in this study was performed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Findings showed that Covid-19 has a negative and significant effect on supply chain resilience and robustness. Supply chain resilience and robustness have a positive and significant effect on supply chain sustainability and sustainable outcomes.

The luxury cars market is one of the commercial areas that has a lot of financial transaction, so it has made the competition in this industry very attractive. On the other hand, the rules governing the sale and purchase of luxury cars are different from other goods and services. In this regard, the present study aims done to provide a local model for measuring the attitudes of consumers of foreign luxury cars in Iran. The present study from the perspective of purpose is a fundamental research that has been done by mixed method. Also in terms of method and time of data collection, It is a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes 19 experimental and theoretical experts in the field. In quantitative part, have been used the views of 400 customers of foreign luxury cars. Data collection tools are interviews of semi-structured and questionnaires. To Analysis the data, have been used from Theme analysis method, interpretive structural modeling and partial least squares. The results showed that customer experience management and parts quality management and safety of luxury cars are as independent variables. These factors affect the status and social status, Consumers Monopolization, the use of technological capabilities and practical options of luxury cars. These variables also affect the brand perceived value and marketing of luxury cars. As a result, customer engagement and their trust and satisfaction will increase. Ultimately, consumer satisfaction, trust, and engagement will affect on consumer attitudes.