نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1401)

Description: 

Integrity of urban facades greatly influences the order of urban view and landscape. Facades themselves have various components and aspects. The structural quality and layout of said aspects and components requires integrity, whether in a single façade, in conjunction with neighboring facades or in the total urban scale. This integrity requires regulations and principles the effectiveness of which is the focus of this study.

Evaluating the effectiveness of façade construction regulations enforced by municipalities and other competent authorities in the 1968-2021 period, concerning the integrity of urban facades and their components.

This is a qualitative study with an exploratory-descriptive approach and a critical attitude. Initially the most effective urban façade integrity parameters were determined. Next, the façade construction regulations of the research period were analyzed. After that, every provision of the regulations was analyzed in comparison versus each integrity parameter.

The most effective and comprehensive set of regulations was the spring 2014 Façade Design regulations in Tehran. Among the integrity parameters, visual appeal and after that, content communications, materials and meaning were most affected by regulations. On the other hand, the least affected parameters were the harmony between façade and context, body silhouettes, and the transverse proportions of pieces.

The façade construction regulations are increasingly inclusive and expressive toward the integrity of urban facades; however, they still require further additions and improvements.

Statement problem:

 Today, due to contradictory approaches and lack of proper orientation, it has unfortunately created inappropriate urban facades and destroyed physical identity in Iranian cities.

To evaluate the factors affecting the identity of the anatomical views in the historical area of ​​Tabriz city.

The analytical-inferential method was used. The statistical population was two groups of building users and experts. Structural equation method with Smart Pls software was used to collect information.

According to the users, the greatest impact on the physical identity of the facades of the historical context of Tabriz city is related to the destruction of historical facades and personal taste, order and harmony, and the least is related to the corner and the connection line to the ground. According to experts, the most effective is related to human scale and size, facade materials and personal taste. The lowest is related to the corner and connecting line. In the end, both groups were unanimous in the field of least impact, i.e. the criterion of the corner and the line connecting to the ground.

All the examined components have been effective on the anatomical identity of the historical fabric of Tabriz city. Considering the close relationship between physical identity and urban views, it can be said that with proper management of views, tangible physical identity can be achieved.

Entrance spaces are one of the most important parts of buildings, public utility complexes and cities, which in addition to the function of traffic, control and supervision, show the identity of that complex. In the past, most of the cities and public buildings in the entrances included entrances with distinctive and visual and cultural identities derived from the native background. Nowadays, some public complexes, such as universities, have a design entrance, and many buildings and complexes lack quality without an entrance or entrance portal.Failure to pay attention to the necessity of designing and constructing the entrance gate and its qualitative requirements in the development of public utilities is a problem of this research.

Therefore, the present article aims to explain the position of the entrance gate in the identity of public buildings and the do's and don'ts of designing them and examining the relevant criteria in the desirability of Tabriz University gates.

This article has been done with descriptive and analytical research method and field survey with interpretive strategy and logical reasoning and interdisciplinary studies and with library and documentary study methods.

The results indicate that the entrance space is the main and inseparable element of the building, especially public complexes, and the larger the scale and generality of the user, the more prominent, appropriate and distinctive the entrance needs. In designing the entrances, it is better to use the background ideas of the circuit related to the culture and function and the relevant native environment. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the qualities of efficiency, responsiveness, readability, socialization and event management, memory and symbolic and symbolic aspect. The results of the field study indicate that in general, in terms of experts, safety and security criteria, identification, strong signs and symbols, and ease of access have a high coefficient of importance in the desirability of ports. The head of technology and information was ranked at the top and the main head of the head was ranked at the bottom, which indicates that the head of technology is relatively high.

Statement of the problem: 

Covid-19 has had important effects on architecture and urban planning. The main problem of the research is to identify and investigate the location of industrial heritage sites in this era. It seems that the prioritization and redesign of industrial heritage sites has a special place.

The main objective of the article is to show the importance of redesigning, modernizing and restoring industrial heritage sites in preparing them for the post-corona era.

The research begins with the comparison of two categories of buildings based on the indicators of a healthy and disease-resistant city. Then, it forms a discussion group and a panel consisting of five qualified experts.

The most important part of the findings of the research is the difference between the two selected groups, including five examples of buildings that have changed use, such as Argo Museum-Gallery, Tabriz University of Islamic Arts, Briyank Sock Knitting Factory, Tehran Palace Museum Garden, and Iran Artists' House; And five examples of buildings that are waiting for a change of use include Tehran Tobacco Factory, Tehran Silo, Karaj Iron Smelting Factory, Ray Cement Industrial Factory, and Tehran Chit Factory.

The comparison of two control and sample groups shows the importance of urban management to modernize and change the use of industrial heritage sites. Returning these collections to the city will not only bring life to the city, but also help the health of the citizens and preparation for the post-corona era.

The historical context of cities plays a significant role in understanding the complexities and structure of a city, which can lead to the recognition and perception of people. Traditional bazaars are also considered as the most important historical element of cities, despite the studies that provide a model for measuring and evaluating spatial perception in the context of the bazaar, this research is investigated the perceptions of the traditional bazaar of Tehran by applying space layout indicators and cognitive maps.

In this research, a combined method was used, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative data and their analysis. In this regard, first, the map of Tehran bazaar has been compared and analyzed in the space layout software, and the axial map indicators have been compared and analyzed with sketches drawn by the statistical community, including businesses, buyers or passers-by.

The theory of space arrangement alone cannot clarify the various objective and subjective dimensions of the environment for us, because this theory only deals with the objective dimensions of the observer, therefore, to understand the cognitive characteristics of the space which is affected by the type and manner of people's perception, There is a need to use cognitive maps based on the presence of people and focus on users (here, Tehran's Grand Bazaar) who know and experience the environment.

The results of the research indicate that multiple objective and subjective factors together and sometimes with prioritization over each other are effective in determining the correct wayfinding of the space.

Problem Statement:

 Islamic city and urban planning is an interesting, challenging, and audience-oriented topic. What prioritizes Islamic research and urban planning is an Islamic government and the current Islamic laws in that government. The development of the earth must be in the service of the rational life of man, and the eternal life of man is superior to mere development.

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the existing approaches in Islamic urban planning studies and to introduce the integrated studies approach in Islamic urban planning.

The present study is about the subject in terms of developmental purpose, descriptive implementation in terms of implementation, and qualitative content analysis of resources in terms of research method. The required data has been collected by the documentary method.

This article tries to study the basic principles of the Islamic city by re-reading the opinions and works and the views of experts. For this purpose, he examines their opinions according to the proposed categories in a theoretical framework and sees differences in views and expressions of different concepts about the Islamic city.

The results show that the city and Islamic urban planning should refer to the general principles of Islam and not go into details and follow the intellect to form the city. And this principle will lead to the victory of the general principles of Islam over the city. As a forthcoming solution in Islamic urban planning studies, we can refer to the comprehensive plan of Islamic management called Najma, which as an upstream and comprehensive document can enter the field of Islamic studies in various fields and complement interdisciplinary studies.

Statement Problem: 

The discourse model of participatory design is proposed in the world as a solution for the redesign of urban contexts. Extensive destructions in the historical contexts of Iran are due to the lack of implementation of the urban design discourse.

This research explores the pattern of discourse creation in participatory design with the approach of citizenship education in the historical context of Kazerun.

The qualitative research approach was coded by categorizing the clusters of the participating community and snowball sampling into 3 open, axial and selective categories, then it was interpreted with the content analysis technique.

The categories extracted from the interviews were included in 7 axial factors and in 2 selective reasons, including residents' ignorance and incorrect urban management.

Considering the effective factors in the citizens' ignorance (lack of understanding of the characteristics of the context, social and economic factors), the urban designer as a facilitator, at the beginning with the aim of making the participants aware of the historical context and creating a context for central participation, provided citizenship education then with preliminary education Urban design helps to turn the proposal into the ideas of the participants. Then moderates the ideas and codifies them in the form of integrated and comprehensive policies and helps the city management to communicate the implementation policies of participatory urban design and solve the problems caused by incorrect policies in the field of urban management, economic, design and security.