نشریه حقوق بشر و شهروندی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

House arrest-term socio-political literature And the public's rights meant to keep people in their home or a given location, under the social security measures and restrictions, in order to maintain public order and national security of the country. Surrounded people often are accused of committing crimes against internal and external security But the terms and conditions and the general interest of the country requires judicial approach taken towards them. In this sense, despite the physical similarities House arrest and detention with compulsory residence in criminal law, separate and independent legal entity Action based on non-judicial and qualified description of the hedge is inherent and consequential punitive described. Given that reference House arrest imposed on our country's Supreme National Security Council, In terms of Article 176 of the constitution and at the same time explicitly stipulates other rules and laws protecting civil rights and civil liberties on the need for legal backing Issuing a warrant for the detention, compulsory residence, guilt, punishment, and to exercise any social exclusion, it seems, must be clear and strong legal basis to implement House arrest imposed by the council take immediate action.

In the wake of the Corona virus epidemic, which has plagued many countries around the world, unilateral US sanctions on Iran have exacerbated these problems and posed serious obstacles to securing citizenship rights. In these cases, governments are mainly trying to use all available capacities to get out of these problems. One of the contexts and capacities that has always helped countries to achieve their rights is non-governmental organizations. However, in the Iranian legal system, not only is this platform not used properly, but there are basically serious obstacles in the way of using these capacities. In this study, in order to answer the question of what are the solutions to get out of the current situation of the legal system around non-governmental organizations, in order to benefit and ensure civil rights during the Corona virus, the international capacities and harms of the domestic system are addressed. Finally, solutions in three areas are presented. It should be noted that the research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information.

The occurrence of crises and disasters, such as the coronavirus, puts special responsibilities on governments to maintain public safety. In this situation, governments have a duty to take effective decisions and measures to deal with the crisis. It is acceptable that due to the state of emergency, some government decisions impose duties and restrictions on the freedoms of the people. But the least rights that could be considered for people in this situation is the right to access information related to Coronavirus. People also have the right to be informed about the policies and decisions taken by the relevant government institutions to deal with the crisis. If such a right is proven to the people, in the implementation of this right, the transfer of the information related to the Coronavirus crisis may become an important matter. Because most media outlets do not require their power, motivation, or economic interests to collect and transmit information related to the coronavirus, nor do they have effective legal duties. For this reason, the national public media, as a media outlet with constitutional and statuary law responsibilities to inform the public, is responsible for enforcing the right of access to information on the Coronavirus crisis. This descriptive-analytical study, while examining the specific task of disseminating public health crisis information, examines the tasks of the national media in disseminating coronavirus crisis information.

Covid-19 is the biggest challenge of the 21st century. A disease for which no cure has been discovered up to date (September 2016) and its numerous deaths have raised the concern of governments, nations and international organizations. Dealing with the virus, preventing widespread outbreaks and trying to minimize its effects and casualties is the most important goal of member states of the international community in the context of Corona. The state of emergency caused by the spread of the virus has required different countries to implement a series of legal measures in this area. Using the experiences of different countries, especially in evaluating their performance and the impact of new policies and laws in accordance with the existing conditions, is an effective strategy in amending national laws. The Russian Federation as one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world, which is classified in the tradition of the written legal system can be considered in this regard. The main question states whether Corona virus pandemic is compatible with Emergency legal regime?  What is the legal approach of Russian federation in confrontation with Covid-19 and how it is evaluated? The results of this descriptive-analytical study show that Russia was able to control and manage the current dire situation to some extent by using the Emergency legal regime. Significant reforms such as reviewing the concept of emergency, announcing High Alert conditions, intensifying the punishment for violating regulations and instructions of emergencies and innovations such as creating an non-working days’ payment regime, launching a national system for registering symptoms And the application for monitoring self- quarantine can be seen in the legal system of this country.

Regarding the outbreak of the deadly and epidemic disease, 19 legal questions were raised in the field of health, economy, politics and law, which need to be answered by various decision-making systems, including the legal system. For example, this pandemic has raised the housing phenomenon as one of these key crises to mobilize housing scholars around the world to intervene in this housing emergency. Social isolation, quarantine, declining household incomes with long periods of closure or redundancies, and the consequent inability to pay rent are among the most important issues that have challenged people's access to safe housing. Different countries have adopted short-term and long-term policies to address these problems, of which tenants are the most sensitive audience. In this study, by comparative study of the British legal system as one of the active countries in this field, we seek to examine the legal decisions of this legal system and evaluate the weaknesses of similar decisions in Iran.