نشریه دانش زیستی ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

Sheep as a domestic animal have played a key role in food resources of Iranian plateau people and this area is known as the origin of this spice. Among the genetic markers mtDNA sequencing is one of the most useful and common methods employed for inferring phylogenetic relationship among closely related species and population and conservation of species.

For this study 40 blood samples from unrelated Afshari sheep were collected. The DNA was extracted and the HVR1 and cytB regions of mtDNA were amplified with specific primers using PCR.

The HVR1 and cytB of mtDNA of Afshari breed were sequenced, alingned and compared with other breeds from all over the world. Results showed 3 and 5 haplotype respectively. In addition both loci were high polymorphic

Sequencing of mitochondrial genome can showed genetic variation and genetic relationship between oviane in the world. For this reason it is powerful and applicable tool to determine the level of genetic diversity.

Particulate matters are among the most important air pollutants in urban environment which cause heart and respiratory diseases. Plants play a major role in aerosol removal. In this study, some of important shrub species of urban green space were investigated for their ability of reducing air particulate matter pollutants.

In present study, effect of five shrub species (including privet, oleander, barberry, cotoneaster, Spindle tree), which most planted in Tehran city and their roles to aerosol sedimentation, was investigated. Therefore, leaf surface pollutants were collected and weighed and evaluated relative to the leaf surface.

The results showed that barberry collects pollutants more than other mentioned plants, while the efficiency of oleander is less than other species.

It seems that the morphology of plant leaves is effective in pollutant absorption. In addition, the amount of aerosol in air can affect the efficiency and absorption of suspended particles.

Nowadays, metal nanoparticles, especially silver, due to their special physical properties and anti-cancer effects have been considered.One of the methods of synthesis of these nanoparticles is the use of plant extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized of the hydroalcoholic extract of Digitalis nervosa on the cancer cell line (Hela). In this experimental study,the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed by adding the hydroalcoholic extract of Digitalis nervosa to the silver nitrate solution. Physical and chemical properties of synthesized nanoparticles were determined by UV-vis, TEM, SEM, EDX and XRD methods.Viability of Hela cancer cells by MTT method with different concentrations of synthesized silver nanoparticles(3.125 to 100 mg/ml) and the expression of Bax, Bcl2, P53 and CDH1 genes were evaluated using real time PCR technique in 24 hours.Data were analyzed using GraphPad software and one-way ANOVA test.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that the results of cytotoxicity at different concentrations of silver nanoparticles showed that IC50 was16.66 μg /‌ml, respectively. Also, the expression of Bax, CDH1 and P53 apoptotic genes in concentration-(16.66μg/‌ml) increased and Bcl2 gene expression decreased compared to the reference gene, which showed the effects of cytotoxicity and changes in nanoparticle concentration. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from the extract of the Digitalis nervosa plant have a cytotoxic effect and possibly induce apoptosis on Hela cancer cells.

One of the principle factors influencing the plant's growth parameters and yield is nutrition with micro-elements. Boron and zinc are dominant micro-nutrients directly or indirectly affect the plants biochemical potential and hence the yield of plants. In the present experiment, we aimed to study the effects of Zn and B on some growth attributes and quality of Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'paris island'. The experiment was conducted at the Research Greenhouse of the University of Maragheh as factorial based on CRBD with Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) from ZnSO4,7H2O and B from H3BO3 at three levels (0, 2 and 4 mg L-1 ) with three replications. The results revealed that with increasing Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution, the fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll index, chlorophylls a and b content, total chlorophylls content, carotenoids amount, soluble proteins concentration and Zn concentration were increased in the lettuce leaf tissue (p≤0.01). Furthermore, with increasing nutrient solution's B concentration, the proline, MDA, GPX, CAT and APX levels and activities as well as the boron content in the plant tissue were significantly influence and increased. Zn up concentrations under boron high availability reduced the aforementioned traits quantities (p≤0.01).

In recent years, resistance to a variety of drugs has developed due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to compare aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of black tea(Camellia sinens) and grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) on Malassezia pachydermatis (ATCC 10231) by disk, well, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) methods. For black tea MIC was 25(103) µg/ml for the aqueous extract, 6250 µg/ml for the ethanolic extract and 125(102) µg/ml for the methanolic extract. MFC was 0 for the aqueous extract, 125(102) µg/ml for the ethanolic extract and 25(103) µg/ml for the methanolic extract. For grape seed MIC was 1250 µg/ml for the aqueous extract, 1250 µg/ml for the ethanolic extract and 33333 µg/ml for the methanolic extract. MFC was 16667 for the aqueous extract, 125(102) µg/ml for the ethanolic extract and 23611 µg/ml for the methanolic extract. The Clotrimazole diameter the zone of inhibition on Malassezia pachydermatis was determined between 35 and 47 mm in the disk and 40 to 49 mm in the well. In all the extracts, an increasing trend of the zone of inhibition was observed with the increase in the volume of consumed extracts. Therefore, the extracts of these two plants have an accessible and natural antibiotic effect, but compared to Clotrimazole, a smaller the zone of inhibition appeared. However, the anti- yeast activity of grape seed extracts is more than that of black tea.

Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Studies have shown that the cyclooxygenase enzyme plays an important role in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and increases the level of this enzyme in gastrointestinal cancers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Cox-2 in human gastrocarcinoma cells.

In this case-control study, 30 samples of gastro-carcinoma tissues and 30 healthy surrounding tissues as control were obtained by the surgeon from the Imam Khomeini Hospital's surgery department. Characteristics of cancerous tissues including lymph node invasion, tumor size, stage of disease, vascular invasion and grade of disease were recorded. Real Time PCR reaction was performed using primer design and cDNA synthesis, and Bio-RAD was used to determine the Cox-2 gene expression. The results were analyzed by linReg PCR software and ultimately gene expression was analyzed by Rest 2009 software.

The Cox-2 expression was increased in tumor samples in compared to normal samples, significantly (p<0.05). There were significant and positive correlations between Cox-2 expression and tumor size (p <0.01), lymphatic invasion (p<0.01) and tumor stage (p<0.05).

Considering the increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human gastro-carcinoma cells, insignificantly, and the relationship between expression of Cox-2 and various parameters of cancer, it seems that Cox-2 expression levels should be further investigated in future research by selecting tumor samples at the same stages.