فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1401)

One of the major problems in today's world is the inability to have children. This has affected social health and led researchers to preclinical studies. Over several decades, numerous animal models in the biology of reproduction have entered the field of research. Different mechanisms and approaches induce different types of reproductive diseases. Variety in conventional methods in inducing animal models has confused researchers. Since premature ovarian failure, azoospermia and polycystic ovary syndrome are important causes of inability of couples to have children, we decided to review the studies conducted in this field, appropriate laboratory methods and processes to create an animal model for premature failure. Introduce ovarian, azoospermia and polycystic ovary syndrome. The use of chemical drugs used in adults as chemotherapy drugs, especially cyclophosphamide, is known as the most appropriate method to create an animal model in premature ovarian failure. To create an animal model of azoospermia, busulfan injection is used as the most common method to induce azoospermia. Finally, to create an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common method is to inject androgens into dihydroepiandestrone. In the present study, common methods along with the relevant protocols, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each model are presented.

Drugs prescribed for the treatment of various diseases have side effects on various organs, including thyroid gland. Bromocriptine mesylase (bromocriptine) is a semi-synthetic alkaloid with high dopaminergic activity that directly stimulates dopamine neurotransmitters. In this study, samples were taken from two groups of patients over a period of 10 months. The first group included 25 normal clients and individuals which was known as euthyroid (with normal thyroid function with normal levels of thyroid gland) in the age range of 30-37 years (samples 1 to 25) and the second group included 25 other people with the same condition in the age range of 38-45 years (samples 26 to 50). Both groups used only bromocriptine tablets as drug treatment with the dose of 5mg/day in a period of at least 6 months. Based on the results, the levels of T3 and T4 hormones decreased significantly after treatment with bromocriptine. TSH levels showed a relative decrease in both age groups after treatment with bromocriptine. In this study, the effectiveness of bromocriptine on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones T4, T3 and T-Uptake was confirmed by making statistically significant changes. Bromocriptine treatment appeared to affect two thyroid functions at two points, including the effect on TSH production by the hypothalamic axis as well as the disruption of T4 to T3 conversion in peripheral tissues.

In this study, the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood cells with chicory extract on repair of severed sciatic nerve in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated by behavioral, electrophysiological study.

After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with umbilical cord blood cells treated with chicory extract at the site of amputation, rats with umbilical cord blood cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.

Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with chicory extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with chicory extract was more evident to other groups.

Cord blood cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and chicory extract along with umbilical cord blood cells accelerates sciatic nerve repair.

In order to investigate the response of rapeseed to dehydration stress, a split plot experiment was conducted in the form of a complete randomized design with three replications in Karaj at the Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute. Irrigation was done at two levels of normal irrigation and interruption of irrigation from flowering stage in main plots and plants of Ahmadi cultivar and Karaj2 cultivars in sub-plots. Plants of Karaj 2 cultivar had the highest ratio of cortex to vascular bundle (0.79) and Ahmadi had the highest phloem content (13.3 μm) in roots. In comparison, Ahmadi cultivars had the highest cortex thickness (146.5 μm) and the largest xylem (144 μm), protoxylem (13.3 μm) and parenchyma pit cell diameter (118.16 μm) in the stem. In normal irrigation, Ahmadi cultivars had the highest style length (1.48 mm) and anther filament length (6.32 mm). Ahmadi cultivars were more tolerant of stress due to having the lowest ratio of cortex to vascular bundle and the highest amount of phloem in the roots and having the greatest thickness of cortex in the stem and were identified as resistant cultivars.

Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strains 11 and 6 are the most common strains in the development of genital lesions or genital warts. In this study, we used strain 11 capsid for secretory protein production Large L1 in the Lactobacillus host.

To produce L1 protein from human papillomavirus, recombinant protein production methods were used by cloning the L1 gene of this virus into a vector expressed in a prokaryotic host such as Lactobacillus, which was analyzed by SDS-PAGE methods. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting have been evaluated to confirm the expression of the protein.

Nucleotide bands were confirmed in the gene fragment amplification experiment in gel electrophoresis as well as the observation of protein bands in SDS-PAGE and Western blot gels.

By using the production of pathogenic protein in human papillomavirus by the recombinant method and in the bacterial host Lactobacillus, which is a fluorescence of the female reproductive system, can be used in the future to prevent and treat diseases associated with strain 11 of this virus.

Echium Amoenum is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine and is effective in treating many diseases. The presence of some valuable medicinal compounds in this plant has caused the attention of many scientists in the field of biology and medicine. The utilization of plant tissue and cell culture methods, including callus culture and cell suspension, is one of the effective methods in culture and increase the effective compounds of this valuable plant. In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for the production of callus tissue from leaf and stem explants obtained from seedlings grown from seed culture. According to the results, significant difference was observed between control samples (MS free culture) and other treatments in terms of callus formation percentage and fresh callus weight. The highest percentage of callus formation (100%) and the highest fresh weight of callus (4.23 g) related to stem explants grown on MS medium containing 0.1 mg / l BAP and 1 mg / l NAA Was.

In this study, the effect of broccoli coating with aloe vera gel (25% w / w) as a hydrocolloid compound with different concentrations of lemon essential oil (3% v / w, 3, 2, 1, 0) for 9 The day was examined at 4 ° C for physicochemical and microbial properties. In the present study, lemon essential oil was used as an additive to prepare aloe vera coating. Lemongrass essential oil was extracted by Clevenger and added to aloe vera gel. The results showed that the addition of essential oil to food coatings significantly reduced mesophilic bacteria during storage. Aloe vera gel / lemon essential oil coatings had a significant effect on weight loss. Also, coating the samples with aloe vera gel / lemon essential oil preserved the antioxidant properties of the samples. These properties indicate that coatings based on aloe vera gel / lemon balm essential oil are a good choice for the development of oral coatings.