نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 17 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The main task of every bank is to provide financial resources from the inactive part of society and allocate it to individuals for fair distribution of wealth or allocating credit to economically active companies for wealth creation. Therefore, the use of validation to observe the credit health of the banking system seems necessary and vital. The misconception of the banking system regarding obtaining collateral instead of accurate customer validation will increase the claims of the banking system. In this research, according to the check and review of available articles and studies during the years 2020 to 2022, as well as in-depth interviews with 12 banking system experts who had relevant education and work experience in the field of study, the dimensions, components and indicators It was calculated, which was categorized into four dimensions and 18 components. The reliability coefficient of all indicators was at an acceptable level above 70%. Finally, it was recommended to the banks that for customer validation, they should pay attention to the four main dimensions of "analysis of company balance sheet", "types of customer activity", "corporate social responsibility factors" and "factors related to the customer's active industry".

Currently, one of the most important issues that banks and financial institutions always face is the issue of credit risk or the possibility of non-fulfillment of obligations by applicants receiving credit facilities. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain and review the credit rating system of banks in facility files of companies receiving facilities based on the accepted regressions in credit risk and review of financial ratios of these companies. The statistical population of this research consists of 97 listed companies in the period from 2016 to 2021. The results show that the coefficients of independent variables in data mining techniques are higher and the logit model has a higher fit and is more accurate than the good probit model. Current ratios (CUR), turnover (STA) and return on sales (NTS) also play a greater role in assessing default risk.

Today, due to the importance of the role of banks in the dynamics of the economic cycle of countries, correct and efficient validation has led to proper and efficient accreditation of the requirements and priorities of banks. In fact, in this way, a proper knowledge and evaluation of the customer's financial behavior can be achieved. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the credit indicators of customers and rank them by the heads of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran's second region. Validation indicators obtained from the literature and documents that were reviewed and evaluated by a panel of experts (including 10 banking experts) and the results are in the form of a questionnaire. The obtained questionnaire was distributed among 102 branch managers in the form of main indicators and sub-indicators and 95 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed based on AHP technique of indicators and sub-indicators which are divided into official and unofficial categories are divided, weighted and prioritized (1less important-10more important). The results showed that the first and most important indicator of collateral is the official index. But another result of the research is that among the first 5 indicators, there are two unofficial indicators (unit beneficiary and customer capacity), which shows the importance of unofficial indicators. One of the limitations of this research is the limited possibility of collecting data from managers. Future researchers can achieve more and more reliable indicators by doing more research in other areas.

Banks play an important role in the country's economy, which includes equipping resources, intermediation and facilitating the flow of payments and allocating credit to the recipient of facilities. In this way, the bank faces many risks that can be classified into four general categories: credit, liquidity, operations and investment.The most important risk that banks face is credit risk. Credit risk arises due to the possibility of non-timely repayment of facilities and interest accrued to it.Banks have always faced the challenge of how and based on what criteria and methods to evaluate credit applicants (facilities and liabilities)? This can be done through a comprehensive, structured system and selection of techniques. This research also seeks an expert proposal and solution to solve this problem in order to be able to categorize the applicants of financial credits well and reduce the possibility of non-repayment of the granted facilities. Obviously, the implementation of these methods and techniques can lead to the design of rapid alert systems for banks to be aware of the status of their credit portfolio and facilities and have knowledge of their customers.In this article, using logit and probit models (regression models), the factors affecting the risk of customer default are investigated. Research findings indicate that the Probit model is more accurate in predicting customer default risk than the Logit mode.

The importance of banks' profitability can be examined at all levels of the economy. More profitability of banks not only allows them to provide credit and more activity in the field of obligations, but also makes it easier for bank policymakers to invest in risky environments. Obligations studied in this study include letters of credit, bank guarantees and other obligations that the non-gross income resulting from their opening and issuance is always considered. All banks and credit institutions listed on the stock exchange constitute the statistical population of the research and the statistical sample consists of 16 banks that in the period under review (five-year period from 2016 to 2020) audited financial statements. They are available in the comprehensive information system of publishers. Hypotheses have been tested using regression methods and correlation coefficient. The results indicate the efficiency and significance of the regression model and the existence of a correlation and positive correlation between the types of obligations and net profit (loss) of banks at the medium level. Among the types of variable obligations, letter of credit has the highest correlation with net profit (loss), so more attention to letter of credit in order to earn profit is important.

Professional ethics is an important branch of applied ethics, which is a necessity of life in new societies. Based on this, the set of rules and principles of ethics must be observed in every profession. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the components of professional ethics in banking with bank employees in Shiraz. The method that this research relies on is a descriptive-analytical survey type. Its statistical population is all the banks of Shiraz, and to select a statistical sample, the sampling method is used Simple random is used. In this research, to determine the level of professional ethics of bank employees "Kadviz" questionnaire was used, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.822. Data analysis using SPSS software has been incomplete sentence The result of the research shows that the component of professional ethics is significant in gender The behavior between the male group is more successful than the female group. Other components (age, level of education and service experience) are not significant.