مجله تعالی بالینی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 36، پاییز 1401)

Autoinflammatory diseases include conditions resulting from abnormal innate immune system activity, persistent or periodic attacks of inflammation occur, and lack of high titers of specific antibodies. The genetic background has played an essential role in their occurrence, and their gradual identification has provided the basis for a faster diagnosis of the disease. Recurrent or persistent fever attacks are the main feature of these disorders. In addition, inflammation of various systems such as skin, serous membranes, joint and bone, and other organs is observed. Several treatments have been used to control inflammation, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and biological and non-biological immunomodulatory agents, which have been relatively successful in controlling diseases.Chronic inflammation over the years can lead to the secretion of various substances in the body. With their deposition in multiple tissues, there is a possibility of systemic amyloidosis and organ failure in many of these diseases.This group's most common two diseases in Iran are familial Mediterranean fever and Marshall syndrome. The late diagnosis of the first disease is associated with a high risk of amyloidosis, and Marshall syndrome can severely affect the child's and parents' quality of life.

Employees working in hospitals and health centers have always been in a state of threat to physical, mental and social health, which reduces performance and high costs. Spiritual intelligence is the ability to apply and express spiritual values ​​in a way that improves one's daily functioning and physical and mental health. Therefore, this review study was conducted to investigate spiritual intelligence and its related components in health care providers. This study was a systematic review.In the present study, Persian studies in Persian language databases such as Daneshgostar Barakat system, Iran Information Science and Technology Research Institute (IranDoc), SID, Magiran, with the keywords spiritual intelligence, nurse, health service providers searched from 2001 to the first half of 2021. To search for studies in English, the keywords Spiritual Intelligence, nurses were used in the Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, Embase and Science Direct databases between 2020-2000. The Google Scholar database was also searched in Persian and English. Inclusion criteria included complete Persian and English articles. Exclusion criteria included not having access to the full article.  In this review study, out of 241 articles, 33 studies were used. Findings showed that spiritual intelligence has physical and psychological consequences such as general health, mental health, hardiness, self-discipline, quality of life, resilience, adaptive performance, psychological well-being, happiness, emotional reactions in health system employees and also consequences Organizational spiritual intelligence of health service providers includes job satisfaction, burnout, moral sensitivity, responsibility, clinical competence, ethical behavior, compliance with ethical codes, patient support, attitude to patient rights, improving the performance and quality of nursing care, self-efficacy. Given that spiritual intelligence has a positive effect on many personal and professional areas of health service providers, managers should plan to increase the spiritual intelligence of health system employees. Therefore, it is recommended to hold workshops and training courses. Improving the spiritual intelligence of health service providers and ultimately improving the performance of health workers, increasing patient satisfaction and improving the quality of health services.

Continuing medical education is a continuing process to teach clinicians and provide patients with up-to-date, evidence-based care. The current study is a review type that through searching in databases; Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier and ProQuest Scopus, has been done in the range of 2019-2022. Articles were searched based on the keywords of continuing medical education, virtual education, electronic education and corona-virus and the English equivalent of Continuing Medical Education, Virtual Teaching, E-Learning, Corona-Virus. In the initial review, a number of 476 articles and documents were searched, after removing 86 duplicates, and then they were reviewed in terms of the inclusion criteria, and the articles that met the inclusion criteria after a complete review, finally, 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study for final analysis. The results indicate the effective methods in education in medical sciences and electronic learning are mentioned as a common and effective method. The findings showed that the use of electronic learning, mobile learning, online training, simulator learning environment and blended learning can be effective in improving the skills and adequacy of continuous training. The use of electronic education has led to an increase in the motivation of participants due to saving time for studying and learning educational materials. The results of the challenges and opportunities observed from the texts examined in this research show that, considering the challenges and opportunities of virtual education for providers and learners, the necessity of assessing the needs of practitioners and experts regarding the required training and evolution in virtual education planning, the awareness and familiarity of virtual education planners and managers with these challenges and opportunities as a basic introduction to respond to existing problems and establish an efficient educational system. The development of virtual education requires the strengthening of the supporting role and support of the continuous medical education office of the university in providing infrastructure and financial resources and more independence to universities in planning and implementing the development of virtual education.

Academic growth centers are a platform for creating real opportunities for the productivity of academic teaching. To achieve the results of education and research in the university, learners' knowledge should be directed towards the commercialization of education and research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the position of academic growth centers (incubators) on the commercialization of academic research.  The present study is a simple review study with a search approach in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase during the years 2010 to 2021 and focusing on the keywords of commercialization, growth centers, academic growth centers, commercialization of research, and academic research. 26 articles were included in the 4 stages of search and screening. The results show that creating growth centers without using commercialization management is useless. Academic research must pass the filter of commercialization power, otherwise, research is not feasible and practical.  Commercialization of academic research can be used to motivate, enhance the empowerment of scientific development at national and international levels, generate income, scientific growth, and develop economic, social, cultural, and political indicators.

Illness Anxiety (IA) is a common, debilitating, and costly disorder. Various treatments aiming at decreasing IA have been subjected to scientific studies in the Western societies. However, due to possible impact of cultural factors, the present review and meta-analysis tested the effectiveness of common treatments for IA disorder in Iran. Dissertations and articles published in Persian and English languages in Iranian samples published by March 2022 were searched in Noormags, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Next, 12 articles and 2 dissertations were selected for review. Of these, 12 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) was used to calculated the meta-analysis. Data from 14 selected studies for systematic review showed that various types of psychotherapy were effective for people with illness anxiety. The commonly used interventions were cognitive-behavioral therapies, schema therapy, logotherapy, reminiscence, acceptance and commitment therapy and education. The results of the meta-analysis showed a large effect size (0.94). The effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and neuro/cognitive interventions were not examined in any of the articles. The results support the effectiveness of a limited number of existing interventions in reducing illness anxiety. The most effective treatments based on meta-analysis results were schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapies. According to the findings of the present study, the use of these two therapies as the first line of treatment in people with illness anxiety were recommended. However, due to the prevalence, high individual and social costs of this disorder, and the scarcity of published studies on the treatment of illness anxiety disorder in Iran, more research is needed, especially with a focus on neuro/cognitive interventions.