نشریه محیط شناسی راهبردی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 13، زمستان 1399)

West Asia is one of the tense and conflicted regions, and at the same time, one of the vital regions in this world, which has always been the focus of foreign powers. One of the characteristics of this region is the continuous conflict. The issue of insecurity in West Asia has always played a role in the relations of the countries of the region, but the arrogant presence of the United States is more important and has wider dimensions. In fact, the level of actions of the Arrogant Front led by the United States and the activities carried out by them have had consequences for this region. Iran's approach in its environment is based on security based on cooperation and participation with the "balance of threats" model. In this approach, the serious participation of all countries in the region in organizing the regional security structure and effective cooperation in this regard is prioritized. On the other hand, the continuous presence of extra-regional powers in regional security arrangements is negated and this presence is considered a major factor in increasing conflicts and tensions at the regional level.

The purpose of this research is to examine the economic and security challenges and provide a balance model in the security arrangements of the West Asian region, especially the Persian Gulf. The region of West Asia and the Persian Gulf is one of the most important strategic regions of the world due to the presence of huge energy resources and the Strait of Hormuz, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the security and economic issues of the region and the Persian Gulf, the question raised is that the role of the countries How is the security of the Persian Gulf region? And the hypothesis that we have raised in this regard is that Iran, as a country that has the largest water border with the Persian Gulf, creates a significant security role. In this research, while referring to existing agreements in this area, which are generally one-dimensional and ineffective, we try to present a suitable model for all-round security arrangements by drawing the security situation prevailing in the region. In the end, we will come to the conclusion that the Gulf For a long time, Fars has always been the focus of the great trans-regional powers, so that they have always used this region as a suitable source of income, and Iran, as a regional power, can play a significant role in the security of this strategic region of the world.

The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question, what has been the impact of the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran on the security of the West Asian region in the past five years? The hypothesis that is proposed in the answer to this question is that Saudi Arabia's confrontation with Iran has caused a decrease in security in the West Asian region and Saudi Arabia has tried to support the new Salafist groups and also rely on its support. America and the West, along with the Zionist regime, change the balance of power in their favor, the Islamic Republic of Iran has also tried to maintain the balance of power in its favor by supporting and strengthening the axis of resistance. The findings of the research can be expressed as follows: the regional competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran has caused divergence and tension in the relations between the two countries, and the consequences of this competition have created security challenges for the West Asian region in addition to the two countries themselves. and the continuation of Saudi Arabia's divisive policies will lead to an increasing decrease in security in the region.

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has mainly been in regional interactions in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, as attention to the Islamic world as well as territorial interests has been the main axis of this foreign policy. But the necessity of development in the extra-peripheral regions as well as the formation of national powers based on liberation theology in Latin America caused attention to Latin American countries to become a serious issue in foreign policy since a decade ago. The importance of this region was doubled especially due to being in the backyard of the United States and also with the expansion of the pressure of Western countries on Iran in the nuclear issue. In this article, an attempt is made to provide a comprehensive description of the dimensions of Iran's presence in Latin American countries in the first step, so that in the second step, a framework of national interests and strategic goals of the country in interaction with this region will be recognized. In the third step, the effects of this relationship on the position of the United States should be examined. As a result, the regional and international capacities of the Latin American region will be mentioned for the continuation of Iran's presence, which seems to be one of the necessities of the political and economic diplomacy of the Islamic Republic.

The perspective of the trajectory of current developments in the peripheral region of Iran indicates the gradual formation of a kind of political-security demonstration by creating a tense and threatening atmosphere against the national and regional interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is mainly under the guidance and centrality of Saudi Arabia. be In this regard, the atmosphere of geopolitical competition between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is such that the tension-producing efforts of this country may even lead to a level of security-military conflicts between the two countries by carrying out some demonstrations and military preparations. In such a situation, maintaining and strengthening stable security in the Islamic Republic of Iran practically requires the formulation of a comprehensive security doctrine in accordance with regional security genomes, understanding current international policies, making maximum use of the relative and stable advantages of the open geopolitical position by playing appropriate roles in the direction of balanced economic development. political and cultural of the country and especially the drawing of long-term policy roadmap for the realization of regional security on the axis of sustainable national development and its use as an all-encompassing shield in modern methods of non-active defense. This article seeks to analyze and explain the requirements of sustainable growth and development as the most effective component of non-active defense in the issue of regional security, as well as examining its wide-ranging effects on the processes of achieving national and regional sustainable development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the competitive scenes of West Asia.