نشریه محیط شناسی راهبردی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1399)

The structure of the international system has faced geopolitical changes in the years after the Cold War. The signs of such a transformation can be seen in the regional domain of Southwest Asia. The realities of regional development show that the concentration of power-building, riot-making and conflict-causing forces has been created in this geographical area. In the process of forming a new regional order in Southwest Asia, there are signs of crisis and threat. In this process, regional actors and great powers are trying to organize a new form of power equation. The formation of "proxy wars" and the spread of "asymmetrical conflicts" can be considered among the factors and signs of the regional crisis in Southwest Asia. Such a process has led to the reproduction of security competitions in the relations of the main actors of the regional domain such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the Zionist regime and Egypt. Explaining the role of regional actors in the space of geopolitical developments in Southwest Asia requires knowing the goals, tools and patterns of action of regional actors. In order to achieve such goals, the question can be raised: "What tactical and operational action patterns do regional actors in Southwest Asia have?" In response to this question, it is necessary to propose the hypothesis that: "Regional actors use mechanisms such as organizing proxy wars and asymmetric conflicts to influence the geopolitical developments of West Asia." In the explanation of this article, the "identity-structure approach" is used.

Since the Second World War and the acceleration of the globalization process, regional integrations have been considered as a solution that can prevent conflicts and wars to some extent and contribute to the development of countries. In this context, the European countries took the lead due to the concern of another war and in 1952, a handful of Western European countries formed the Coal and Steel Union. This union provided a platform for taking the next and bigger steps, so that today we are witnessing the formation of a union called the European Union, which has caused the cohesion of these countries, opposition to war and development of these countries. Other regions of the world also followed this model and more or less followed the same path, and unions such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia, Mercosur and NAFTA in Latin America and North America, and SAARC in South Asia were formed. Considering the criticality of the situation in the Southwest Asian region and Iran's peripheral area, the formation of a convergence can be considered in order to contribute to the peace, stability and development of the region by gaining experience from other unions, especially the European Union. This research will answer the question that a convergence based on energy can end the differences in the region and its countries can spend their energy on cooperation, common security and development instead of competition and conflict.

The West Asian region (which includes an important part of the Middle East) is one of the most tense and sensitive regions in the world. In the contemporary period, there has always been violence and unrest in various ways, from war to terror, revolution and coup d'état in this region. Meanwhile, terrorism, especially in the current situation, is one of the most important causes of unrest and bloodshed, which has attracted the attention of many governments and nations of the world. The threat of terrorism became more serious for the whole world when its scope went beyond the regional level and encompassed the whole world. However, until now, most of the reactions and solutions to this problem and in the direction of peace and tranquility in the region have been hasty and superficial, and for this reason, they have had the least results. This research intends to deal with the infrastructural and root factors of creation, production and reproduction of violence and terrorism in the region. The findings of the research, while introducing the most important infrastructural factors involved in the phenomenon of terrorism in the region, emphasize that no planned effort has been made to solve the root problems that generate violence in the region and to solve this problem and achieve peace and Security in the region is the basic way to solve the root of these issues, which is a relatively long but sure path to lasting peace.

The geopolitical developments and dynamics of Southwest Asia are affected by various discourses and counter-discourses; But what is most noticeable in this is the competition of three dominant discourses, namely the discourse of Shiite Islam of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the anti-Shiite discourse of the Sunni Arabs, and the discourse of fighting Western terrorism. What this article seeks to show is to point out the key point that all three above discourses have a dominant identity, and based on this dominant identity, they try to define the identity of the "other" as the enemy. The anti-Shia discourse of the Sunni Arabs based on this thinking has positioned themselves as "Shia" and "Iran" and the Shia Islam discourse of the Islamic Republic as "secularism" and "America". But another Western discourse has positioned itself as "fighting terrorism" and "fighting Islamic fundamentalism". The key point of the discussion is related to this issue. In fact, the Western discourse, based on its theory of intelligent power and considering the components of soft war, does not believe in any friends or enemies for itself, in all times and places; Rather, it undertakes this task based on its pragmatic or pragmatic foreign policy, depending on the type of geopolitical strategies and goals; However, both the geopolitical discourses of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have established themselves as a fixed identity as well as a single country, and accordingly, in all circumstances and times, they act on their geopolitical narrative based on the same other. But in the grand geopolitical narrative of the West, no name of a specific country is mentioned as an enemy, and they always try to make other countries understand with the same subtlety that they are not necessarily their permanent enemy from the point of view of America, and only if they do not threaten the activism of the West and America, there is no danger. It will not be noticed by them.

the Zionist regime has carried out several preemptive attacks on the nuclear facilities of Islamic countries, including Osirak in Iraq in 1981 and Deir Ezzor in Syria in 2007. For almost 20 years, this regime has put the option of preemptive military attack on the nuclear facilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the top of its media propaganda and foreign policy. But so far, he has not had the courage to react militarily against the Islamic Republic of Iran. In addition to investigating the factors that caused the Zionist regime's lack of reaction, the present study tried to answer the main question of the research (will a preventive attack by the Zionist regime against the Islamic Republic of Iran be possible?) to also investigate the factors of the war action of that regime. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The method of collecting information is library-documents (real and virtual). Information gathering tools; It has been recording and taking notes.

In creating border security, the role of geopolitical factors and social groups and ethnic groups living in border areas is very important, and by adopting strategic policies, these factors and functions can be further directed towards cohesion and cooperation. pushed national and used it in the security and development of such areas. The results of this research show that by moving away from the center towards the border areas, the lack of development has clearly increased, which can strengthen the element of divergence in the border areas, and considering the increasing population growth of these areas, on the intensity Add crisis. Therefore, in the southeast of Iran, in addition to the special geopolitical conditions and the presence of ethnic and religious groups in the region, the presence of NATO and the United States on the edge of the eastern borders, the lack of complete control of Pakistan and Afghanistan over their western borders, the activities of the security services of Pakistan and Afghanistan. And their desire for the insecurity of the region, the expansion of the Taliban's presence and dominance in promoting Salafist thinking and training agents of other countries to carry out suicide operations are among the most important factors affecting security. Now, the most effective strategy in the national security and cohesion of the southeast of the country is to adopt security and development policy at the same time and consider the two as complementary. In order to realize this important border cooperation with neighboring countries, carrying out construction activities and infrastructure investments on the one hand and eliminating insecurity and fighting smuggling on the other hand will have a profound effect on regional development and national solidarity. Otherwise, unequal development in the political spaces of a land can provide a suitable platform for creating variables that affect the components of national security and the development of critical areas.