Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Summer 2021

 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world. In this explanation, genetic variation is associated in all cancers, particularly CRC, and modifications of numerous genes, such as CDX1, CYLD, and CDKN2B, are linked to tumorigenesis in CRC. As a result, this research was conducted in order to determine changes in the expression of these genes.

 Specimens of CRC from 72 individuals with confirmation of pathology report, were provided and bought from the Biobanks. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of CDX1, CYLD, and CDKN2B genes in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. These genes' histological associations with grading and staging for upregulation and downregulation were examined.

 The expression of CYLD (P = 0.01) and CDKN2B (P = 0.02) were upregulated significantly, but the CDX1 (P = 0.03) gene expression was decreased. Correspondingly, there was no significant association between CDX1 downregulation and CDKN2B upregulation with grade, stage, lymph‐node metastasis (P= 0.02) and distant metastasis. Moreover, the CYLD expression was also significantly associated with high grade (P = 0.03), high stage (P = 0.03), lymph‐node metastasis (P= 0.05) and distant metastasis (P= 0.05).

 The upregulation of CYLD and CDKN2B genes and downregulation of CDX1 gene in tumoral tissues were impressive. Conclusively, the alteration of these genes expression can be considered as a colorectal cancer biomarker.

There are numerous serious varieties of cancer that are extremely difficult to treat. As a result, understanding the origins of cancer, as well as the practical application of cancer in terms of its role of diagnosis and therapy. Detecting Gastric cancer early and correctly diagnosing it histopathologically increases the odds of an effective treatment. Histopathological expertise can help speed up and simplify oncological examinations in this method. According to their various natures, breast and gastric cancers have different tissues and rates. Gastric cancer is still one of the most lethal cancers with a dismal prognosis. New gastric cancer classification based on histologic characteristics, genotypes, and molecular phenotypes aids in better understanding the peculiarities of each subtype and improves early detection, prevention, and treatment. The goal of this essay is to go over the new gastric and breast cancer classifications so that they can be used in management and therapy.

Caring for patients with cancer can often give rise to numerous physical and mental health problems or even exacerbate them among family caregivers. The present study aimed to reflect on the burden of care and its correlates affecting family caregivers of breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study of correlational type was conducted on a total number of 163 family caregivers of patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy at Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital and Baghban Specialized Center based in the city of Sari, Iran, in 2020. For this purpose, the study samples were selected through the available sampling technique. As well, the demographic characteristics information form and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) were employed for data collection. The data were ultimately analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 21).

The study results revealed that 72 family caregivers (44.17%) were experiencing high levels of burden of care (>36). Moreover, caregivers’ level of income, number of chemotherapy sessions, duration of disease, and patients’ insurance coverage status were significantly correlated with caregiver burden, which were evaluated in the multiple logistic regression analysis. This model could further explain 25.2% of variance in the burden of care severity in these informal caregivers (p<0.001, Chi-square [χ2] statistic=33.9). The multiple logistic regression analysis was also utilized to determine the effect of the most important dimensions of the burden of care and this model could account for 94.8% of variance in the burden of care severity among these family caregivers, wherein developmental, social, physical, and time dependence dimensions respectively had the greatest impacts on compounding caregiver burden.

The study results indicated high levels of burden of care in family caregivers of patients suffering from BC. Therefore, it was recommended to consider the burden of care correlates and to plan for proper interventions, according to the findings in the present study, in further research.

 Self-harm is a deliberate and non-lethal act in which a person intentionally injures himself or consumes a substance in excess of the prescribed amount. Self-harm injuries are also seen in forensic clients. Self-mutilation in these people is done in order to achieve a goal and is accompanied by claims of delusion of others. The importance of this issue is the necessary urgency in differentiating it from suicide, malice, mock disease and conversion diseases. In this study, we have examined self-harm and some related factors.

 In a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, a checklist including two sections of demographic information and self-harm information was prepared to collect the necessary information based on a review of the texts and was completed by the researcher for each case. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive tests of SPSS statistical software.

 Out of 783 cases, 467 (59.6%) were men and the mean age of 783 patients was 28.25 8 8.38 years. A higher percentage of clients had more lesions on the left side of their body (61.4%), referred with a scratch lesion (46.0%), referred to a lesion in the arm area (25.7%) and of hard-edged objects used for self-harm (38.4%).

 In the face of someone who self-harms, two things should be considered, one is to achieve an appropriate treatment path considering the possibility of a mental illness that is more relevant to hospital physicians and the second is a legal view of this. From the perspective of forensic science to differentiate the damage caused by conflict and self-harm.

 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world. In this explanation, genetic variation is associated in all cancers, particularly CRC, and modifications of numerous genes, such as CDX2, CTNNBIP1, and FAT4, are linked to tumorgenesis in CRC. As a result, this research was conducted in order to determine changes in the expression of these genes.

 After obtaining patient consent and pathology department approval, from72 individuals with confirmation of pathology report,were provided and bought from the Bio banks. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of CDX2, CTNNBIP1, and FAT4 genes in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. These genes' histological associations with grading and staging for upregulation and downregulation were examined.

 CDX2 (P = 0.01) and CTNNBIP1 (P = 0.03) expression were highly increased, whereas FAT4 (P= 0.05) expression was downregulated. Similarly, there was no evidence of a link between CDX2 and CTNNBIP1 overexpression and grade, stage, lymphnode metastasis, or distant metastasis. Furthermore, FAT4 expression was linked to  highe stage, high grade, distant metastasis and lymphnode metastasis (P 0.05).

 CTNNBIP1 and CDX2 genes were upregulated in tumoral tissues, while FAT4 genes were downregulated. Finally, changes in the expression of these genes can be used as a CRC biomarker.

 Marital satisfaction is a multidimensional concept including various aspects. Sexual satisfaction is not only a factor affecting marital satisfaction but also a common cause of sexual dysfunction, disagreements, and communicational problems of couples. There is a relationship between these two interconnected variables and other variables, such as spirituality that is the most substantial one. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between sexual health and marital satisfaction with spiritual health.

 Statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included women who seek mental health services provided in the psychology and psychiatry clinic of the Faculty of Behavioral and Health Sciences. Of these women, 183 subjects were chosen using a convenient sampling method. The data obtained from Spiritual Health Questionnaire, Sexual Health Questionnaire, and Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS19 software.

 There was a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and marital satisfaction (P-value=0.001, r=0.31) while there was not any significant association between spiritual health and sexual health.

 Mental health issues can affect the relationships between many variables, including spiritual health, marital satisfaction, and sexual health. As an ambiguous relationship, the correlation between spiritual health and sexual health should be addressed.

 Marital satisfaction is a multidimensional concept including various aspects. Sexual satisfaction is not only a factor affecting marital satisfaction but also a common cause of sexual dysfunction, disagreements, and communicational problems of couples. There is a relationship between these two interconnected variables and other variables, such as spirituality that is the most substantial one. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between sexual health and marital satisfaction with spiritual health.

 Statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included women who seek mental health services provided in the psychology and psychiatry clinic of the Faculty of Behavioral and Health Sciences. Of these women, 183 subjects were chosen using a convenient sampling method. The data obtained from Spiritual Health Questionnaire, Sexual Health Questionnaire, and Enrich Couple Scale (ECS) were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS19 software.

 There was a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and marital satisfaction (P-value=0.001, r=0.31) while there was not any significant association between spiritual health and sexual health.

 Mental health issues can affect the relationships between many variables, including spiritual health, marital satisfaction, and sexual health. As an ambiguous relationship, the correlation between spiritual health and sexual health should be addressed.

 Due to the importance of sleep disorders and the unknown effects that they may have on the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients, in this study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting sleep disorders in these patients.

 The present research was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Razi Hospital in Rasht. The study population included COVID-19 patients referred to the corona clinic of Razi Hospital for follow-up. Information about age, gender, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, drugs used, a history of using cigarette and opioids, duration of hospitalization, and type of hospitalization (normal ward or the intensive care unit (ICU) ward) was extracted from patients’ files and recorded in the data collection form. The Petersburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep disorders. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 24. The significance level of the tests was considered P < 0.05.

 The mean age of the subjects in this study was 43.79 years. According to the results, 52 people were male (52.5%) and the rest were female. Based on the results, it was found that age (p = 0.540), gender (p = 0.141), BMI (p= 0.464), cigarette use (p = 0.675), opium use (p = 0.757), underlying disease (p = 0.430), drug use (p = 0.327), and duration of hospitalization (p = 0.203) were not significantly associated with sleep disorders.

 According to the findings of this study, sleep in patients with COVID-19 is not associated with age, gender, cigarette use, opium use, underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, and a history of drug use.

One of the most important method in cytogenetic in order to diagnose the chromosomal abnormalities, is QF-PCR (Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction).In this way, QF-PCR can be employed in diagnosing the chromosome duplication number by amplification of repeat sequences at polymorphic loci. These repeat sequences are amplified by PCR, and the labelled yields are classified by gel electrophoresis method. Importantly, QF-PCR reaction has been in diagnostic application in many countries and has confirmed to be a robust, cost-effective, and precise rapid prenatal test for many types of common aneuploidies. Special benefits comprise detection of mosaicism, triploidy and maternal cell contamination. So, we try to declare the importance of this technique in comparison with other ones in this review article.