Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer 2021

As an alternative technique, considering microclimates in cities could be guideline to proper natural ventilation (NV) systems for better indoor thermal conditions in buildings. During the warm seasons, spatially in a hot and arid climate, cross ventilation is highly applicable for improving indoor thermal comfort. Solar chimney (SC) systems enhance NV through buildings via buoyancy forces as an alternative for improving comfortable conditions. In this study, two high-rise buildings in two different microclimates (Artesh highway and Mojahedin Eslam Street) in Tehran city are chosen that both use cross ventilation as a passive strategy. Also, the LEED survey is used to assess how much occupants are satisfied with indoor thermal comfort. The field experiment was carried out in the fourth story of each building to investigate the impact of cross ventilation on indoor air temperature and wind velocity. Additionally, CFD method is employed to simulate cross ventilation and SC in buildings. The results show that SC can decrease about 2 ˚C of room temperature by boosting NV which improves the thermal comfort zone inside the houses. according to the survey, 23.1% and 7.5% of residents are respectively dissatisfied with the non-response of the cooling system and the stillness of the air, so the use of SC can significantly increase indoor thermal comfort zone and residents’ satisfaction.

Since the building sector has a significant contribution in energy consumption, it is very important to pay attention to ways to reduce energy consumption. In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a solution for the design of the building form based on the energy consumption of educational spaces in the cold and dry climate, especially Torbat Heydarieh city, at the building design stage. For this purpose, the climate of the region, the comfort conditions in it, the criteria for reducing energy consumption in the building sector and the design criteria and standards of the Faculty of Architecture have been examined and evaluated based on the available sources and documents. After conducting the studies, the location of each space has been analyzed and evaluated based on the usage and the amount of solar energy received using Ecotect and Radiance software. The method of analyzing the form of the educational building was based on the studies and the initial plan and form were modeled in the Revit software, and the plan was modified based on the spatial quality. After considering the solutions to reduce the consumption, the energy consumption in each mode has been measured using DesignBuilder software. Then again, the lighting of each space was controlled using Ecotect and Radiance software. In the end, by entering the information into the Mabna software, the correctness of the plan has been ensured based on the criteria of the 19th topic of the National Building Regulations of Iran.

In this paper, first we will have a review and basic studies of sustainability. Next, as educational buildings have more energy consumption, we will study the current situation of architectural and energy consumption details of our selected and built case study. The simulations used in this research are done in the framework of Grasshopper and Ladybug and Honeybee plugins. Energy-Plus and Open Studio simulation engines are responsible for energy simulation in these plugins and Radiance and Daysim engines are responsible for daylight simulations. The results of the research show that despite the positive points, many of the negative points have been detected that led to high energy consumption and as the project is built, availability of changes are harder. The results shows that according to the mentioned factors, analysis and simulations the application of internal insulation for exterior walls and changing the type of window to low-emission double-glazing window, reduces energy consumption in the heating sector by 12%, energy consumption in the cooling sector by 17% and the use of intelligent lighting systems have reduced energy consumption by 28%. Also the option to change the air conditioning system and also daylight situation is completely rejected as the simulations confirms.

While "identity" in the general sense has a long history and is in line with the history of civilization, its connection with the urban landscape and body, especially with the complexity theory has not been explained. In the process of perception, this concept can present a complex phenomenon that needs to be redefined with the appropriate theory. The connection between identity and urban landscape with the complexity theory has become an influential issue in the sciences related to this field. Hence, the present study aims to address its connection with the theory of physical complexity by explaining the theories of physical identity and urban landscape. The question is how can the physical identity of the city be recognized and defined based on the complexity theory and its consistency with the components of the urban landscape? How can the concept of landscape and physical identity be explained by complexity theory in urban planning? The research method was based on grounded theory, content analysis of texts and theoretical saturation of the experts. First, three concepts were extracted from urban design literature. Then, an attempt was made to find more relevant concepts by coding and comparative comparison and analysis. According to the pairwise comparison and analysis of each of the introduced criteria for all three concepts, it has found that physical complexity is one of the characteristics of physical identity and urban landscape. Also, similarity- differentiation, unity-plurality, and continuity-evolution are common concepts connecting the complexity theory to the urban physical landscape and identity.

One of the most important infrastructures of the mentioned system is the Inter-Provincial Passenger terminals, which are considered the pole of the urban transportation system and connect the inner city and suburban roads. Inter-provincial terminals of the city of Isfahan such as Kaveh and Sofeh are among the terminals having a significant role in the transportation of the goods and passengers due to their location on the main corridors of the country; therefore, they may need to be investigated as well. Accordingly, the present study purpose to evaluation Kaveh and Sofeh terminals as the inter-provincial passenger terminals in the city of Isfahan. In order to achieve the above purpose, descriptive-analytical research method was used and data collection was done through library and field method (observation and questionnaire type. Then data analysis was done through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results indicate that the Kaveh and Sofeh terminals had ideal conditions at the time of construction. But they are currently considered to be in a relatively desirable condition given the total environmental, economic, physical and social indicators related to the inter-provincial terminals. Also these terminals are not in sync with the population growth and physical expansion of the city of Isfahan. This decline is more severe for Kaveh terminal with a total score of 63 out of 100 in terms of the mentioned indicators to Sofeh terminal with a total score of 77 out of 100.

The urban heat island (UHI) is one of the most important phenomena related to urbanization, which indicates an increase in temperature of urban areas compared to the surrounding rural environment. The main goal of this study is a process for urban designing in order to improve air quality (in terms of temperature). To develop the proposed process, three factors affecting the temperature of urban areas including the area of green space, the area of artificial lakes and the ratio of building height to street width (H/W) in a region of Tehran city were examined. Then, instead of performing multiple simulations, a process was developed to convert the simulation space into a mathematical model. Thus, by using Taguchi method (a method of experiment design), targeted scenarios were designed and by resulting temperature from Envi simulation software, the average values of ambient temperature were determined. Based on the obtained results, in the area investigated in this research, the optimal levels of factors, plants and artificial lake area ratio and H/W equal to 0.22, 0.4 and 0.5 respectively.

New urban planning paradigms have provided a new framework based on sustainable cities for urbanization. Nowadays, a smart solution is submitted by day and these solutions make cities radically change the way they are managed today. According to this view, various dimensions can be offered for a sustainable smart city. To determine the smart sustainable city concept, need to define the dimensions of a specific city are smart and sustainable. So, this study aims to analyze the causal relationships of sustainable smart city dimensions. therefore, a fuzzy DEMATEL solution is developed and presented. The population is 42 urban developers who are chosen reasonably. A pairwise matrices questionnaire was made to compare and match each couple of criteria. A group of experts evaluated the correlation between criteria. Then, the linguistic variables were put into triangular fuzzy numbers and then their opinion about the criteria was collected. After that, the crisp total direct relation matrix, the fuzzy, and the normalized matrix of direct relation were calculated. Findings showed that Policy factors affect all six other factors and are influenced by all the other factors except Environmental factors. Governance factors influence all six other factors and are affected by Policy and Business factors. Economic factors affect all the other factors except Governance factors. Environmental factors are affected by four other factors (Policy, Economic, Governance, Inhabitant). [...]

Identity in a city reflects the social structure of the people who have been given meaning throughout history. The physical identity of a city depends on the components that reflect the physical characteristics that make up a civilized society. The purpose of this study is to explain and typologically evaluate physical identity, which is emphasized according to the impact of urban management. The present research is a survey and analytical-descriptive method and in terms of purpose, it is considered as a development-applied evaluation. The sample studied in this study is the central texture of Kashan, with emphasis on the bazaar complex and the fabric around Sang Square. 95 questionnaires have been identified with the number of items, which, according to Edwards method, this statistical population has been considered with 95% confidence interval and 5% error coefficient. To explain the final indicators based on the three main components of physical identity, with urban management, the Delphi method was used, which finally, after explaining the proposed research framework, using Shannon entropy weighting and the model in the ranking, it was found that the urban face component has the greatest impact with having a CL value of 0.64 in the issue of physical identity with the urban management approach. In future research, this evaluation can be examined on the scale of urban areas and also other methods can be used for ranking, which in general can achieve a specific framework in the field of urban body identity in the urban management system.

Today, the world has taken a fundamental step from traditional development to knowledge-based development. Knowledge-based urban development is a controversial topic among international organizations, competent authorities in cities, as well as researchers. The future of urban areas, especially in developing countries, increasingly depends on the capacity to produce, absorb, retain and strengthen knowledge. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual framework of urban creativity and innovation with a knowledge-based urban development approach in Tehran. Therefore, first, by descriptive-analytical method, the criteria and indicators of urban creativity, urban innovation and urban knowledge-based development were extracted from theoretical foundations, patterns and experiences, and then by Delphi method, they were screened and stabilized in three rounds. Quantitative data from Tehran were extracted and compared with Melbourne, which is one of the first knowledge-based cities in the world. The results of this study show that to achieve knowledge-based urban development, knowledge is necessary but not enough, in other words, it can be said that creativity is at the heart of knowledge and knowledge is practical when it leads to innovation. These three variables are necessary and are intertwined in such a way that the achievement of a knowledge-based city is not possible by eliminating any of these cases. Also, the comparison of knowledge-based urban development indicators in Tehran and Melbourne as a model shows a huge difference in the 44 indicators introduced and proves the need for a codified model to turn Tehran into a knowledge-based city.

With the expansion of construction and impermeable surfaces in large cities, the urban flood phenomenon is considered an important problem. Various cities in Iran have recently been affected by floods and damages, which are high-intensity rainfall and inefficient drainage networks. This study aimed to provide urban flood management solutions concerning the various advantages of green roofs and the environmental, climatic, and geographical characteristics of the Tehran metropolis. For this purpose, the types of green roofs and their components have been analyzed using the content analysis method. The novelty of this research is in prioritizing the use of green roofs according to their advantages, especially the feature of optimizing the urban sewage network, and according to the price range of their different types. The result is that the construction and implementation of green roofs in order to take advantage of the advantages of optimizing the urban sewage system and reducing runoff requires special policies and methods of encouragement and punishment, which should be used by all governmental and non-governmental organizations and also according to the precipitation patterns in areas with flood risk should be used with an extensive green roof. However, due to the high cost of intensive green roofs in some cases, this type of roof can be used in new buildings with large and expensive areas. Due to the slope of Tehran and the pattern of canals and runoff, green roofs in the north and east of Tehran city are a priority.

The expansion of urbanization and the accelerated growth of cities, followed by modernist thinking and the change in the life patterns of modern people, have created problems for cities, so that the city as a living entity has lost its freshness and vitality. The purpose of this research is to identify the desirable parameters of urban vitality and its role in stable neighborhoods and patterns of happy neighborhoods to achieve the happiness of citizens in coastal residential spaces in Babolsar city, so that residential neighborhoods provide the possibility of active presence of people to participate in various activities. This research is done by a descriptive - analytical method and is of applied research type. Documented studies (theoretical framework of the research) and field studies have been used to collect the required information. In order to check the hypotheses of the research, first through a semi-structured interview, then 383 questionnaires were distributed among the residents of residential areas, managers and academic elites. SPSS version 23 software was used to analyze the information and advance the goals of this research. The results showed that the level of happiness of the citizens living in the studied localities is moderately high and the level of satisfaction of the residents with the current situation is moderately low. According to the respondents, collectivism and social interactions, protection of resources and the natural environment, green space management, governmental associations and urban management are among the most important factors affecting the happiness of the residents.

Worn-out urban fabrics are the focus of problems and inadequacies in various dimensions, which in some cases are considered the main urban problems, and at the same time, they have many latent capacities and capabilities for inner-city development. Among the solutions that have been used in recent decades to positively intervene such as renovation and improvement of these fabrics, is a collaborative approach in a way that can be effective and useful in the structure of urban management. In this regard, the present research aims to evaluate the indicators of public participation in the renovation of worn-out urban fabrics of Rasht city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, which is used to collect information from documentary-library and field methods. The data collection tools of this research were questionnaires, interviews, observations, and field studies. The statistical population of this research is the citizens living in the worn-out area of Rasht city, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample using the random sampling method. Analytical findings of two T-tests and Friedman's test show that the effect of research indicators on people's participation in fabric renewal worn out is different so that the economic index items with an average rating of 4.85 have obtained the highest points in the priority and the environmental index items with an average rating of 1.12 have obtained the lowest points in the priority. In future research, it is also possible to examine the impact indicators of economic factors and look at their historical relationships.