نشریه مدیریت بر آموزش سازمان ها
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

In the age of accelerating changes and developments in electronic technologies, the irreplaceable role of e-learning in the development of education and educational management is not hidden from anyone. Teaching in cyberspace in corona has many challenges. Recognizing these challenges is itself a great effort to solve many problems in teaching and learning. Accordingly, the researcher in the present study has examined the experiences of school principals of barriers to e-learning in the days of the Corona virus pandemic. Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, a qualitative method has been used. Due to the fact that in this study, the perceptions and experiences of school principals of the problems and challenges of e-learning in their schools are studied and described, therefore, a qualitative narrative strategy has been used. Participants in the study were 18 members of the school community who had experience in participating in virtual courses. The research collection tool included a 7-item protocol containing the main objectives of the research. The validity of this protocol was confirmed by expert professors and its reliability was confirmed by reliability method. Individual perspectives on the coding process were analyzed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the most important challenges of e-learning in 9 main components include The results showed that the most important challenges of e-learning in 9 main components including lack of proper supervision of the learning education process, reduced quality of teaching education, lack of favorable social interaction, challenges and problems of parents, challenges of content production, disability and ignorance of teachers Dealing with technology, students 'physical and mental problems, social challenges and tensions, students' physical and mental problems, lack of proper infrastructure can be summarized.E-learning, manager's narrative, corona pandemic period

It is imperative to understand teacher misbehavior due to its prevalence and frequency. Thus, the present paper aims to develop and validate a model for teacher misbehavior. In so doing, a mixed method research design was employed. The first phase involved grounded theory design to develop a teacher misbehavior model using convenient and snowball sampling. To gather data, semi-structured interview was used and the data was thematically analyzed. The second phase involved survey and correlational designs. The target population included all the teachers in Illam in 2020-2021. A random sample was selected using cluster sampling technique and the sample size was determined using Kerjecy and Morgan’s (1970) table. To gather data, a researcher made questionnaire that its psychometric properties was examined using factorial analysis was used. To analyze data, confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS and Friedman test using SPSS were deployed. The results showed that teacher misbehavior was composed of the following components: poor teaching, lousy interaction with pupils, lousy interaction with colleagues and parents, and inattention to rules and regulation. According to the results, inattention to rules and regulation ranked first.

With the introduction of concepts such as commercialization and entrepreneurship of university ideas into the higher education system, the aim of the present study was to design a model for developing organizational learning capacity with the approach of entrepreneurial university at the University of Applied Science and Technology with the approach of the entrepreneurial university. The research method was mixed (combination of qualitative and quantitative). Data was collected by Field & Librarian methods. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 24 experts in related fields and the statistical population in the quantitative part included all managers and senior experts working at the University of Applied Science and Technology and the number was 600, of whom 234 people were selected as sample size. In the qualitative part purposive sampling and in the quantitative part simple random sampling was used. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the model was confirmed by confirmatory-factor-analysis and structural equation model. For the analysis, t-statistics, Load-factor and path-coefficient were used with bootstrapping method and Smart-PLS and SPSS software. The findings revealed that the dimensions of organizational learning capacity in the direction of impact on the entrepreneurial university in order of effect, were: dimensions of giving importance to measurement(0.178), learning conditions(0.166), examining the necessity(0.155), learning environment(0.143), multiple defenders(0.135), Information Sharing and Distribution(0.124), creating Open atmosphere(0.120), Operational Diversity (0.118), Leadership Involvement(0.112), Systems Perspective(0.109), Knowledge Acquisition(0.108), System Orientation(0.105), Continuous Education(0.103), Performance Difference(0.098) and Access to experimental spirit(0.097). It’s suggested that the university official’s use the capacities of the university's various groups and fields, this, in turn, allows each field to properly communicate with society and its needs and to create value and earn money

One of the important factors in the professional development of teachers is the creation of professional learning communities at schools that the important role of school principals in leading the professional learning communities is not hidden for anyone. Therefore, empowering principals and solving challenges in this field can play a very important role in advancing and developing teachers 'competencies and students' progress. The purpose of this study is to explain the Causal model of leadership challenges of high school professional learning communities. The type of research is practical and quantitative-descriptive in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population of the study were 451 high school principals in Urmia, of which 210 were select as a sample by stratified random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire about leadership challenges of professional learning communities, which was evaluating in four sections: individual challenges, group challenges, organizational challenges and external challenges. Content validity by experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha 0.88 Calculated and confirmed. Research data analysis was performing by structural equation modeling using software of SMARTPLS18. The results of modeling analysis of leadership challenges of professional learning community showed that the leadership model of professional learning communities has a good fit.

Management and leadership in education as one of the pillars of the educational system is of great importance. However, the old leadership styles are no longer responsive to the chaotic environment ahead, so the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals. This study is a mixed method research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section is made up of university experts in the field of educational management and school principals, 23 people of whom were selected using the snowball sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative section consists of 192 school principals of Ilam county,128 of whom were selected using simple random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is interview and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire on factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals with 66 items. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by judgmental method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.87 was obtained, which indicated the appropriate validity of the questionnaire. The findings of qualitative analysis led to the identification of 66 items. In the quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that 8 factors of: rational and emotional intelligence, ability to plan and make the right decision, ability to coordinate and communicate effectively, high executive ability, ability to identify revenue sources, ability to allocate resources and control costs, foresight and crisis management ability, and managerial ability are the most important factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals. Based on the results, it can be concluded that intelligent leadership in schools requires many skills such as planning and decision making skills, crisis management, and having high-level managerial skills.

This research was conducted with the aim of Managing and implementing an Effective Model (MEM) for teaching and learning professional ethics and improving job resilience. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a professional ethics workshop to compare and measure the effects of MEM on teaching/learning based on: the use of MEM in experimental group A, MEM adoption-based training in teachers' professional ethical behavior in experimental group B, and traditional education in control group C. The statistical population was all students of the Applied Science University of Kurdistan Police Command, from which three classes of 25 students were randomly selected as a statistical sample. To collect field data, Kadozier Professional Ethics Questionnaire (2002) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003) were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to confirm the validity of the panel of experts and to determine the reliability. The results of covariance analysis by SPSS 23 software showed the significant meaningful effect of the MEM and its adoptive added values in teachers’ behavior in promoting professional ethics and job resilience compared to traditional educational models. The teacher's innovative behavioral modeling in implementing the MEM emerged in the context of constructive learning of learners through mental involvement with concepts and behavioral experience of those concepts. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of MEM by institutionalizing it as a teacher's behavioral model in the classroom, this study showed that it is a more effective model than the traditional model. Blending teachers’ behavioral modeling with MEM was recommended to utilize the creative capacities of learners in deep and sustainable learning.

The mission of Farhangian University is to train committed and specialized human resources  for the department of education. Therefore, the teacher and the quality of his training in the campuses of Farhangian University will be one of the most important elements of inequality in the country's educational system if campuses at the Farhangian University are in an unequal situation. Then, the products of the university, teachers, would be educated unequally. The current research is conducted through descriptive-analytic method with the aim of evaluating and ranking the inequality situation of campuses in the Farhangian universities on all over the country (63 colleges) in terms of having educational indicators. Topsis models, entropy and dispersion coefficient for ranking and using regression analysis method and SPSS software used to analyze the data.The results showed that from 63 campuses of the Farhangian University, the campuses of Shahid Chamran of Tehran and Allameh Amini of Azarbaijan in the category of preponderant campuses, six campuses as semi- preponderant and 55 campuses as deprived campuses in terms of educational indicators have taken. The dispersion coefficient showed that the highest level of inequality is in the process indexes and the least inequality in the output indicators. The results of regression analysis showed that the input and process indices in total account for 99% of variance of dependent variable.

Organizational diagnosis plays a critical role in organizational change initiatives in terms of both choosing appropriate interventions and contributing to readiness-to-change within an organization.The present research has been prepared based on the Process model with the aim of survey the pathology to the body of staff training management in government organizations and institutions of South Khorasan province. On the basis of the purpose this study follows applied research, that has been done by qualitative method. The participants study included all Managers and directors of government organizations and institutions in South Khorasan Province in the year of 2021. For this purpose, using purposive sampling method, 18 people were selected as participants. Then, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to reach the finding and continue data collection until to saturation. The validity of the measurement tool has confirmed through Coders agreement. A systematic and analytical approach of Strauss and Corbin was used. Based on the analyses, in open, axial and selective coding and Maxqda12 software. The results of the research showed that organizational injuries staff training management in government organizations and institutions, could be classified form of 28 open code, 13 axial code (organizational, job, individual, manager-centered, content, educational, human, staff, legal, financial, auantitative, evaluation method and evaluation ineffectiveness) and 4 selective code (Needs assessment, design, implementation and evaluation. According to the results of this study, based the training process model, There are several problems in the field of staff training management and improving the staff training process requires the implementation of a systematic approach to training. Based on the findings of this study we should be doing groundbreaking training and we need to better align our training culture with the demands of 21st century research. This will require a focus on realigning incentives such that what is good for staff to be considered in the training process.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of abusive supervision on organizational identity, emphasizing the mediating role of Psychological Contract Violations and moderating a Climate of Favoritism. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research includes 400 employees of Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee of South Khorasan Province when 196 people were selected using Cochran's formula. Data collection tools, questionnaires by Arasli et al, (2021) including abusive supervision, organizational identity, Climate of Favoritism,  and also a questionnaire by Robinson & Morrison, (1995) in Psychological Contract Violations,  were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires indicated that the measurement tools have good validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability (factor loading, composite reliability coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient). The results of hypothesis testing by SMART-PLS software and using t-test statistics and path coefficients (β) showed that Abusive supervision on Psychological Contract Violations has direct and indirect effects, positive significance, and medium; Also, the Psychological Contract Violations on the organizational identity has a direct effect, negative significant and moderate; Also, the mediating role of psychological contract violation and the moderating role of Climate of Favoritism was confirmed. Based on the results, the managers and decision-makers of the department, if they are unable to curb the abusive management behavior in the department, will increase the effects of this insult on the organizational identity, and if the employees feel occurred of psychological contract violation, more identity of employees will be weakened, and in the end, we will note that if managers can reduce the biased atmosphere at work, they can reduce the effects of abusive supervision on psychological contract violation and organizational identity to some extent.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the pattern of antecedents and consequences of organizational virtue in the social security organization. In terms of the purpose of this research, it is a type of developmental studies that was carried out with an exploratory strategy and a combined method. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data of the qualitative section.The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part is written sources related to organizational virtue, such as books, articles, etc., after examining 196 identified sources, 104 sources had relevant codes and were used for analysis. Qualitative data were coded by MAXQDA software.The results showed that there are three main factors affecting the virtuous organization, including the organizational factor (structure and process; organizational culture; leadership; organizational philosophy), individual factor (personal characteristics of employees and managers) and environmental factor (social factor, legal factor) as well as the consequences Virtuous organization, including organizational spontaneity, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational identity, spiritual well-being, professional moral courage, organizational happiness, organizational health, organizational performance, and social capital. is identified.Considering that the organizational factor is the most important factor in organizational virtue; Organizations should be careful in hiring virtuous people and because virtues can be cultivated, the issue of training and institutionalizing virtues in employees is very important. The results of quantitative data analysis show that the proposed model has an acceptable fit.