مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

The collected information from the perspective of experts, key informants as well as research background was the basis for designing a new questionnaire using random sampling method and Cochran sampling method among 120 locals (villages of Qarabagh city of Ghazni province in Afghanistan). , completed. Findings showed that social capital through a complex and dynamic mechanism can determine the sustainable rural livelihood in a community so that the average income growth rate in the sample during the period 1390-1420 is equal to + 43.5% and with the improvement of income situation, Social justice and interest in economic activities in the village were predicted to grow. Also, the forecast results indicate that the average annual growth of social assets in the study area will be equal to + 1.65 percent.

Financial development can help economic growth and development by helping accelerate investment. On the other hand, the agricultural sector, especially in developing countries, is an important factor in achieving economic growth and development. Due to the common concern of Islamic countries in the area of financial development and agricultural productivity growth, this study has been considered for the purpose of this study in the period 2017-2000. According to the results of the cross-sectional dependency test and the root unit test of boys, the AMG method was used to estimate the model, the results of which show a positive and significant impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in the selected Islamic countries, by increasing one. Percentage of financial development index, agricultural productivity the agricultural productivity growth will increase by 0.709%. The positive effect of this variable indicates that by increasing private-sector lending, it has made it easier for farmers and firms to finance and reduce transaction and production costs.

The agricultural sector relies heavily on energy consumption to meet the growing need for food. One of the challenges of sustainable agriculture is that the majority of farmers still use fossil energy. Carbon dioxide emissions in Iran have caused $ 26.27 billion in damage to the country, of which $ 1.57 billion is the share of the agricultural sector. The final energy consumption per capita in Iran's agricultural sector is 3.3 times the global average. Therefore, energy use in the country is very important. This study prioritized renewable energies in the agricultural sector of the north of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, and Guilan) using the Entropy weighting technique and the TOPSIS method. The information required for this study was collected using a Delphi method from 39 experts and five types of renewable energy and five criteria. The results showed that the Prioritization of energies are solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, hydropower, and geothermal energy and Environmental, political, social, technical and economic criteria rank first to fifth in importance, respectively.

At present, the role of export and its importance in the growth and prosperity of the economy of developing countries is well known. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of factors such as innovation capability and international experience on export performance of exporting firms of food products of Tehran province.
This study is an applied descriptive-survey research and data collection instrument was questionnaire. The statistical population of the research includes all managers and supervisors of 50 exporting firms of food products of Tehran province. The sampling method was judgment sampling and sample size consists of 185 managers and supervisors. This research was conducted between June 2019 to November 2019. To test hypotheses, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used.
Innovation capability and international experience have a significant effect on the export performance of the exporting firms of food products of Tehran province. Moreover, innovation capability compared to international experience has a greater significant effect on export performance.
Exporting firms of food products of Tehran province need to reinforce their innovation capability and international experience, respectively in order to improve their export performance.

In this study, a Bayesian Vector Auto Regression (BVAR) model with SSVS-Wishart prior in the period 1971:1-2017:4 was used to determine the optimal period of credit impact of banking system on agricultural sector in Iran. The results show that the optimal period of positive impact of banking system facilities is between 3 to 5 seasonal periods. Therefore, the impact of banking facilities on the agricultural sector is not sustainable, but due to the short grace period, necessity of repay the principal and interest of the facility and probable default and late payment fees, these facilities can also modify agricultural production and value added in the long run (after six seasonal periods). Therefore, given the centrality of banking facilities in financial markets in Iran, it is suggested that the structure of bank facilities (including facility rate, repayment period, grace period, interest rate and type of collateral and guarantees) should be specified in a way that increase the period of positive impact of banking facilities on agricultural value added

The purpose of this study, Investigate the differences between the villages of Gachsaran from the perspective of sustainable development by using a collection of indicators and to compare different methods of measurement and classification using indices combined. The reliability of the components of the top 6/0 of the questionnaire was to analyze the data was performed by software spss. The study population included 300 gardeners Gachsaran city. Considering Morgan - Jersey sample of 169 persons was estimated, the purpose of the random sampling method was used. For grading, the 19 indicators from the areas of economic, social and environmental identification and data corresponding to 11 villages in Gachsaran County were collected. To provide a composite indicator, the two methods were used Morris and Mr Granahan indicators combined for calculating villages and categorized. Based on this classification, the general Amamzadhjfr villages and Tlkhabshyryn ranked first and second were stable.It is suggested that the government prevent the drilling of wells for each garden and use the wells cooperatively to prevent excessive use of groundwater.

In this study, a model based on quantile regresion was estimated using seasonal data from 2001 to 2021. The variables representing monetary policy are the interest rate of banking facilities and the legal reserve rate, and the dependent variables are the growth rate of food, price index. The results based on the estimation of quantile models showed that in all quantiles interest rates had a positive and significant effect on food inflation. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the increase of interest rates, the cost of capital as well as storage will increase; This will have a positive effect on food prices and will affect food inflation, and when interest rates rise in high inflation, due to increased capital costs (due to Increased opportunity cost) will have a greater effect on inflation.

Price stability of agricultural products is related to the stability and development of the agricultural products market. Inflation in Iran, despite the intense fight against it, is increasing at a worrying rate, and has become the most important economic problem in the country. This study investigates the relationship between inflation and expected inflation with price fluctuations of agricultural products in Iran using self-explanatory method and Granger causality test during the period 1991-2019 in the form of quarterly data.The results showed that the inflation rate has a positive and significant effect on price fluctuations of agricultural products during the study period. Expected inflation variable also has a positive and significant effect on price fluctuations in agricultural products. The results of Granger causality test also showed that there is a two-way cause and effect relationship between expected inflation and price fluctuations in agricultural products. There is also a two-way causality relationship between inflation and expected inflation. There is also a one-way causal relationship between inflation and agricultural price fluctuations.

Due to the available statistics, More than 10% of the added value of the Iranian industrial sector is supplied from the food industry products; in 2019, Iran's exports of agricultural and food processing products reached $ 5.5 billion, which is very significant despite severe sanctions against Iran. Additionally, On the basis of the quarterly statics and information of Iran's total exports in industrial subgroups, food industries with about 14% of the country's exports have the largest share of exports in the Iranian export portfolio after the chemical products, which indicates the importance and greatness of this sector of the Iranian economy and it appears that by better understanding the advantages of this sector, we can make better use of the existing capacities in this industry to promote exports. Accordingly, considering the importance of this sub-sector of industry in the Iranian economy, this study will examine the comparative advantage of four product codes of planting fruit trees and nut seeds trees as well as other products, meat, fish, fruit, the vegetables, all kinds of

In order to develop agricultural exports and despite the importance of the production of citrus in this sector, should be provided the necessary support from the producers in the export, in order to use the production capacity of this products in Iran. In this regard, in the present study, using a mathematical programming model, the optimal level of subsidy for export of orange has been calculated and evaluated its effect on the welfare of the domestic suppliers of orange. The information required in this study was based on 2017, which has been collected in the form of documents. The results of the research indicate that the export subsidy for orange in 2017 has not been optimal and for optimization, the subsidy increases from 5,000 Rials to 7918 Rials per kg of orange exports. By paying this subsidy, the export and supply of orange increased by 73.6% and 0.41%, respectively, and demand decreased by 0.66%. Rising supply along with rising domestic prices will lead to 0.82% increase in the welfare of the orange suppliers.

Due to the globalization, relieving from tariff and non-tariff barriers would increase the exporters’ shares in a competitive market. To study the effective factors particularly the ad-valorem tariff on the share of tomato-paste exporting factories, a panel data was used with 192 cross-sections including major exporting factories and importing countries in a gravity model during 2005-13. By Generalized Linear family estimations, the results showed the positive effect of productivity, number of documents to import, religion, being an Asian country and the negative effect of tariff and distance to the importing country. It is proposed to undertake WTO regulations, preferring Iranian braded packages and having more negotiations. In case of non-tariff factors, it is recommended to facilitate international banking systems by relieving the economic sanctions, concentrating on Asian markets in terms of comparative advantaged, updating equipment of factories and educating human resources.

The demand function enables the analysis of the effects of the price changes of each input on the amount of demand of the other inputs. In this study, to estimate the demand function of corn inputs in 2017-18, an almost ideal supply system was used by cross-sectional data for 150 farmers in Mahidasht plain of Kermanshah. The results indicated that own-price elasticities of compensated demand are negative for all inputs. Based on the absolute values of the own-price elasticities, demands all inputs are realized to be inelastic. The cross elasticities coefficients revealed complementary relationships between irrigation water and seed and irrigation water and machinery, and the substitutionary relationship between labor and machinery The Allen and Morishima elasticity coefficients showed that machinery and seed are strongly substitutes for seed and labor . Based on the calculated cost elasticities, use of irrigation water and machinery are deeply dependent to the level of spending on corn productioncredits.

In Bushehr province finishing and becoming salty of groundwaters in some fields like Dayer, Kangan, Jam, Assaluyeh make alarm as an active for water lack in other fields of Bushehr province. This study considers the objectives of achieving the maximum economic gross margin, the minimum underground water draft as well as the reduced greenhouse gas emissions, then, attempts to determine optimal cropping pattern for farmers in Jam County. The data for the study were obtained following the completion of questionnaires 60 farmers in Jam County in the years 2017 and 2018. In this regard, a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming Model was applied. The results illustrated that in the homogeneous group of farmers with more than 3 hectares, growing of such crops as wheat, tomato, cucumber, onion was decreased, the production of barely, aubergine was increased, water intake from ground fields 35%, emission of greenhouse gases 25% was decreased. However, government may consider some facilities for other cost making farmer’s activities providing stability, sustainability for coinciding this type of patterns for farming of mentioned region.