فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

Economic Ecological Efficiency is defined as the efficiency of using environmental resources to meet human needs. This concept can be considered as a suitable criterion for evaluating the sustainability of production and its economic efficiency. Due to the fact that the production of agricultural products is associated with environmental effects and the highest amount of water consumption is used to produce agricultural products on a global scale, so in this study, in order to investigate the environmental effects of wheat production, water index was used. For this purpose, first the traces of wheat water in the provinces of the country during the period 2000-2011 were calculated and then the economic-ecological efficiency of wheat production was estimated. The results of water footprint calculation showed that the provinces of Gilan, South Khorasan, Semnan and Sistan and Baluchestan have the average total of more water footprint in wheat production. Also, the average water, green and gray water footprint in the country during the study period was equal to 2625.7, 428.1 and 594.1 cubic meters per ton. The results of estimating the economic-environmental efficiency also showed that among the studied variables, compositional input and green water footprint have the most positive effect on improving the production value of wheat. The results also show that the provinces of East Azerbaijan, North Khorasan and Khorasan Razavi have the lowest average efficiency and the provinces of Gilan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Mazandaran and Ilam have the highest economic-ecological efficiency of wheat production, respectively. The average total economic-ecological efficiency of wheat production was estimated to be 0.84. Also, the results of estimating the inefficiency model showed that the economic-ecological efficiency of crop production is higher for areas with per capita GDP and higher rainfall

A Community garden is a piece of land created in an urban area And is cultivated and exploited by a group of people and the citizens in it engaged in gardening. One of the ways to preserve gardens and urban green space is to build a Community garden. But creating, maintaining and developing community gardens It is costly for the government and requires the participation of the peopl Assessment The level of public participation in financing the maintenance and use of community garden services is very important. Accordingly in this study, Willingness to pay people for construction And the use of a community garden in the city of Karaj Using the conditional valuation method and The two-dimensional dual selection technique was estimated. In order to investigate the factors affecting the willingness of households to pay, the logit model and the method of estimating the maximum likelihood were used. The data required for this research were collected by completing a questionnaire by 183 heads of households in Karaj in 1399-1400. The results of the logit model show Education variables With effects 0/09, picnic and tourisms With effects 0/003, Interest in joining environmental organizations With effects 0/34 And the number of household members With effects 0/064 And Proposed price With the with effect – 0/000008 It has had significant effects on the willingness of respondents to pay. The results of the study showed That average willingness to pay monthly Each family 111 thousand tomans To use community garden services, That's the amount Can A sustainable source of income For the municipality And other related devices And It also preserves and develops gardens and urban green space.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the transfer price of agricultural inputs to the prices of some agricultural commodities (tomatoes, potatoes, and onions) using Markov-switching model and quarterly data in the years 1991-2018. The results of BDS test showed the Markov-switching model is more suitable than the linear model. Also, it showed the price index of agricultural commodities are classified into two regimes called low price growth rate regime and high price growth rates regime. The main results showed that there is a significant difference between the coefficients of variables of each regime, which is important sign that the mechanism of transfer price of input to the selected agricultural commodities price is asymmetric. The prices of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides have impacted agricultural commodities price. Also, for all three product the Probability of stability in the second regime is higher. Therefore, based on the asymmetry of price transfer in this market, an important policy recommendation of this study is that economic policymakers to stabilize prices should take appropriate plan to monitor the supply and storage of agricultural inputs. In addition, they should consider asymmetry transfer price in their policies and plans in the agricultural market.

Environmental management accounting can help the agricultural sector, especially the poultry industry, to minimize environmental costs by providing physical and monetary information related to the environment-related costs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the intention of poultry industry activists in adopting environmental management accounting practices. The present study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory correlation study. The required data were collected through questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study is poultry houses of Sanandaj. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses and analyze the data. According to the research findings, all three components of the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) influence the intention to adopt environmental management accounting practices in the poultry industry. The highest impact was related to the attitude and the lowest was related to the perceived behavioral control. Based on the results of multi-group analysis, there is a significant difference between environmentally friendly poultry houses and less environmentally friendly poultry houses in adopting environmental management accounting practices. The results recommend that, if the environmental attitudes improve, it can be seen to improve the environmental performance of farmers and poulterers. This in turn can lead to environmental sustainability.

International trade theories emphasize the importance of countries' specialization to take advantage of the global trade network and its benefits. Export development of Iran's agricultural sector can play an important role in providing food security and improving the level of resilience in addition to earning foreign currency. One of the approaches to examining export development is to examine Iran's export capacities from the perspective of relative advantage and export efficiency and specialization. In this study, we will examine the market structure, the ranking of target markets, the status of price and quality competition, the relative and commercial advantage, the efficiency of export target markets using the stochastic frontier analysis model, the clustering export markets, the influencing factors on Iran's tomato paste export in the framework of the gravity model, and export efficiency of tomato paste using the fractional probit panel model during 2001-2020. It should be noted that the data of 29 trading partners has been analyzed, which includes more than 99% of the export of this product. The results showed that Iran's tomato paste export price is higher than the average global price due to the high quality of this product. Examining the status of the specialization pattern shows that the degree of specialization of Iran's tomato paste export is increasing. Along with the increase of Iran's share in the world markets, the increase in export efficiency, the existence of relative advantage during the review period and quality competition, it is suggested that the markets (clusters 3 and 4) have the most efficiency and advantage be prioritized. Also it can be suggested that countries with lower export efficiency should compensate for the gap between export capacity and the actual value of exports by conducting detailed case studies to know the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats ahead. Also, the cost of penetrating new markets should be spent to...

Considering the key role of the Agricultural Insurance Fund in the Iranian agricultural system by covering the risks and compensating the damages, in order to improve the performance and improve in providing services to the community of policyholders, strategic modernization of the Fund is necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the needs and expectations of policyholders as the main beneficiary of the Fund.Achieving this knowledge with a pathological approach has been done through a survey of insured farmers. The research method is descriptive in terms of data and applied in terms of purpose. The research tool was a questionnaire and statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the questionnaire data. In total, 134 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed. The results of the study indicate significant gaps in various fields between the needs and expectations of policyholders and the current state of the Fund. Also, satisfaction with the services provided by the Fund is moderate. Finally, solutions and suggestions are provided to eliminate the identified gaps and, as a result, increase the satisfaction of policyholders, which include various aspects such as product design, compensation, culture building, customer relationship management, enhancing brokers' marketing capabilities, and process digitization. The results of this research can be used in developing a Fund renewal program