فصلنامه پژوهش های فیزیولوژی و مدیریت در ورزش
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of talent management in organizational successor education in Tehran's physical education managers. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers and directors of the departments of physical education and health of the Directorate General of Education in Tehran province, based on the information of 55 people. To collect data and measure the variables of the model, Jokar talent management questionnaire (1394) and Rothwell Succession (2002) were used. Its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its reliability and its validity by using convergent validity (confirmation of factor load and AVE value) and diagnostic validity. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (tables and graphs of frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) and confirmatory factor analysis were used. For presenting the model, structural equation modeling technique was used. Finally, the results of the research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between talent management and its dimensions, attracting and identifying talents, selecting and employing talents, developing talents, employing talents, keeping talents, attitudes and attitudes toward talent management with success. Based on the results of the research model, it was found that using talent was a more powerful predictor of successor.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of twelve weeks of combined training and spirulina supplementation on Irizin, PGC1-α and some body composition indices of obese men.In this applied and quasi-experimental study, 60 obese men with body mass index above 28 kg / m2, were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups; Combined exercise + spirulina, combined exercise + placebo, spirulina and control group. The training protocol was a combination of aerobic (endurance) training and resistance training for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 60 minutes. Exercise and spirulina groups took two 500 mg spirulina and placebo capsules daily, respectively. The aerobic exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill for 20 minutes with an intensity equivalent to 60 to 75% of the reserved heart rate. Also, resistance training includes 10 stationary movements in a circle with intensity equal to 60 to 80% of 1RM with 10 repetitions per movement for 2 consecutive sets with a rest time of 30 seconds between each station and a total of 2 minutes between each round. Body composition indices were also measured before and after exercises. 10 ml of blood was taken from the antecubital vein of the left arm after 12 hours of fasting. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance, LSD and paired t-test.According to one-way analysis of variance, plasma levels of Irisin (p = 0.019) and body weight (p = 0.004) were significantly different between different groups, but BMI and WHR were not significantly different (05 / 0≤p). Accordingly, plasma levels of Irizin and PGC1-α, WHR and BMI showed a significant difference between exercise + spirulina and exercise + placebo groups, as well as body weight values for exercise + spirulina, exercise + placebo and spirulina groups.The findings of the present study showed that with increasing muscle endurance due to repetition or due to anabolic nature of resistance training or increase in lean muscle mass, Irisin secretion followed by PGC1-α may increase. Following an increase in PGC1-α, an increase in the FNDC5 membrane protein occurs in muscle, which leads to the production and release of Irisin into the bloodstream. The reason for the increase in Irisin in the PGC1-α response to exercise is probably to be found, which has been the stimulus for this type of exercise.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of organizational bullying on job involvement and stress with mediating role of job security in sports coaches. The type of research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all sports coaches (600 people) in South Khorasan province. The sample size was 234 based on the Krejcie-Morgan table. To measure the research variables, the Illinois Bullying Scale (2001) and the Parker & Dekotis (1983) Job Stress Questionnaire, the Ladahel & Kanger Job Inventory (1995) and the Nice et al. Job Security Questionnaire were used to measure the variables. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the opinions of 10 teachers and physical education experts. The reliability of the instruments was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha for organizational bullying 0.99, job stress 0.74 and job involvement 0.95 and job security 0.90.The finding showed that job involvement and job security have a significant effect on job stress and mediate it. Also, organizational bullying through job involvement and job security have a significant effect on job stress of South Khorasan sports coaches.Based on the findings of this study, identifying and controlling the factors that cause and exacerbate deviant behaviors and its incidence due to the negative effects of bullying on stress, job performance, mental health and job security can be effective.

Neurotrophins and neurotransmitters play an important role in improving cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a judo training session and a weight training session on serum levels of glutamate, noradrenaline, IGF-1 and VEGF in judoka females. In this quasi-experimental study, 11 judoka females (age: 25.60±3.57 years, weight: 66.20±9.60 kg, height: 165.40 ± 4.50 cm) voluntarily participated. Subjects participated in two sessions of judo and weight training for one hour 10 days apart. Blood samples were taken from the subjects five minutes before and after each training session. serum levels of glutamate, noradrenaline, IGF-1 and VEGF were measured. The results showed that serum concentrations of all variables increased significantly after both training sessions (p<0.05). Also, the results of covariance test showed that serum levels of glutamate (p=0.013) and IGF-1 (p=0.014) after weight training session increased significantly more than judo training session. However, changes in serum levels of noradrenaline (p=0.117) and VEGF (p=0.192) were the same after both training sessions. It seems that open- and closed-skill exercises have different effects on serum levels of some neurotrophins and neurotransmitters. Therefore, the mechanism of the effect of judo training and weight training on cognitive function is different.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of sepak takraw sport in the country. The research method is descriptive and field; And the statistical population included the chairman and vice-chairman of 24 Sepak takraw committees of the active provinces of the country, who were selected by sampling and participated in the research. The researcher-made questionnaire included four factors of infrastructure and facilities development, human resources, structure and organization, events and competitions (31 indicators) and descriptive and ranking methods were used to analyze the data in EXCEL, SPSS and software environments. Findings showed that the factors of events and competitions, human resources, infrastructure and facilities and structure and organization were the most important dimensions of the development of Sepak takraw, respectively. In terms of development of the country's provinces, Markazi, Zanjan and Golestan provinces had the best situation and Isfahan, Tehran and Khuzestan provinces were in the last priorities in this regard. In terms of development in this field, approximately 5% of Iran's provinces are developed, about 0.33 percent are less developed; And about 0.62 percent were assessed as undeveloped. Due to the inequality between the provinces, organizations should be polarized in terms of regional resources and talent.

Muscle injuries in professional cyclists have always been one of the issues that sports science researchers have sought to find appropriate solutions to prevent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a grueling exercise session with MPC supplementation on muscle injury indices in young cyclists.

The research method was quasi-experimental and the research design was cross-sectional in which 20 professional cyclists with a history of championship in the province and the country were studied by convenience sampling in two groups of supplement and placebo. Participants in the supplement group consumed 400 mg of solution containing MPC powder per kilogram of body weight with 400 cc of water, and participants in the placebo group consumed a solution containing maltodextrin powder (100 mg per kg of body weight) and a second blood sample was taken. It was done one hour after taking the supplement. In the next step, after 10 minutes of warm-up, the Wingate test was performed and blood samples were taken 24 and 48 hours after the test. Analysis of variance with repeated measures at the significance level of P ≥ 0.05 was used to test the data.

Findings suggested that a grueling workout session with MPC consumption had no significant effect on creatine kinase index (p = 0.126) and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.526) Creatin kinase level of professional cyclists after 24 Hour and lactate dehydrogenase Professional cyclists reached their highest level of rest after 24 and 48 hours of strenuous activity, respectively.

In general, it can be concluded that a grueling session with MPC supplementation has no significant effect on muscle injury indices in young cyclists. Therefore, other nutritional recommendations and strategies can be offered.Keywords: Exhaustive training, MPC supplement, muscle injury indicators.

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic employment plan for graduates of physical education and sports sciences of Islamic Azad University with an entrepreneurial approach. The present study is of applied type and according to the purpose, it was of contextual type. In terms of data collection method, this research was of field type. The statistical population of the study included professors, managers and experts in the field of education and employment of sports science graduates of Islamic Azad University and a statistical sample of 46 people were purposefully selected from among professors, managers and sports science experts. Data collection tools included library study, interviews, questionnaires and Delphi survey techniques. The content validity of the tools was evaluated and confirmed using experts' opinions and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method. Swat method was used to analyze the findings and 61 strategic components identified from the Delphi process included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These components were framed in six structural and managerial perspectives, support and services, educational-scientific, information and communication, industry and market, individual and behavioral, and the most components related to the educational and scientific perspective (15 components) and threats ( 17 components). The evaluation matrix showed that the strategic position in the field of stability is close to growth. Recognition of this situation indicates that despite the problems, the employment system based on entrepreneurship of sports science graduates of the Islamic Azad University needs to achieve relative stability and be on the path of growth

The aim of this study was to investigated the effect of endurance training on the gene and protein expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) in liver tissue of male rats with diabetes. In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 groups: diabetic group (D), control group (C), exercise group (E), Exercise and diabetic group (ED). Then 16 rats received Strepotozocin injection to induce diabetes. Groups of E and ED performed the designed aerobic exercise protocol five sessions per week for eight weeks. At the end of the protocol, rat liver tissue was extracted, RT-PCR was used to measure gene expression and Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to express AMPK and AKT proteins, respectively. Then RNA was calculated using the formula of 2-DDCT and the data of gene and protein expression AMPK were analyzed with univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between AMPK and AKT between group E and group C in both RNA and protein levels (P>0.05). In group D compared to group C in the level of protein, both variables were significantly reduced (P<0.001), AKT was significantly decreased at RNA level (P<0.033) and AMPK was significantly increased (P<0.001). Both variables in protein level were significantly increased in group ED compared to group D (P<0.001), while changes in RNA level were not significant. Diabetes exerts destructive effects on liver tissue by reducing AMPK and AKT and disrupting pathways dependent on these variables, and aerobic exercise can improve diabetes by increasing these two variables to some extent.

The present study aimed to explore the challenges of developing women's sports in low-income provinces. This research was applied based on the type of purpose and methodically, qualitatively and using theme analysis. The statistical population of the study included the directors of the provincial sports directorates, the deputies of championship sports and the deputies of women sports of the general directorates of sports and youth of the provinces, the vice president of women sports federations, university professors and experts. The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in absentia over a 5-month process (according to Pandemic COVID 19). Finally, the researcher reached a theoretical saturation point after 16 interviews with 16 experts. According to the evaluation and complete analysis of the interviews, a total of 97 basic concepts were obtained, which were classified into 11 categories and 4 main categories. These concepts included environmental, managerial, resource, and behavioral challenges. According to the research results, it can be said that the development of women's sports in low-income provinces requires having a strong management team and creating an equal socio-cultural environment compared to men, adopting strong management strategies as well as the existence of infrastructure and places for women. In addition, senior sports managers in these provinces can help the growth and development of women's sports with accurate targeting and proper management, hiring an expert workforce for the provincial capital and cities.

Regular aerobic exercise with proportionate intensity volume improved gene expression in the left ventricle of diabetic pations.The purpose of this study was to investigation of an aerobic exercise course on the genes expression of Sirt-1 and PGC-1α in the left ventricle of rats with type 2 diabetes.

in the present experimental study, 18 diabetic male mice were divided into three groups of 6;Normal Control(NC), Diabetic Control(DC), Aerobic exercise(ET). diabetes was induced in all groups expected non diabetic control group by interaperitoneal injection of sereptozotocin(STZ) after12 hours fasting. glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase method. ELISA method was used to measure the insulin and HOMA-IR method was used to measure insulin resistance index.the expression of Sirt-1 and PGC-1α genes was determined by Real time- PCR and the groups were compared by one way anova test at the alpha level of 0.05.

the genes expression of Sirt-1 and PGC-1α genes in the exercise group increased significantly compared to diabetic control(P= 0.001) and(P= 0.02), respectively.glucose index and insulin resistance were decreased in the exercise group.

aerobic exercise by regulating the genes expression of Sirt-1 and PGC-1α in the left ventricle of diabetic rats, could possibly improved mitochondrial biogenesis.

The purpose of this study was to analyzing the role of consumer law protection in the tendency to purchase nationally produced sports equipment. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey research whose data were collected in the field. The statistical population includes all consumers of sports products in the city of Mashhad due to the infinity of the statistical population and using the Morgan table, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample. A standard consumer rights questionnaire (Bazrgar et al, 2015) was used to collect data. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the variables of access to after-sales service, product variety, advertising, price to quality, access to spare parts, warranty, and keep up with the Joneses on foreign goods were superior to domestic goods, but the variables of promotion of social status, The existence of a negative mentality and reform of the production and distribution system in domestic goods are higher. Also, the level of awareness and satisfaction with the consumer rights of individuals is moderate. Therefore, it can be said that domestic producers, with proper support for consumers and the production of quality goods close to foreign goods, can lead consumers to buy domestic goods and thus the prosperity of the country's economy and reduce unemployment.

Omentin is an adipokine that is mainly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and is involved in regulating insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study is the study of the acute effect of BODY PUMP and High Intensity Circuit Training on serum levels of Omentin_1 and insulin resistance in overweight women. Eight overweight healthy women with a mean age of 24.87±4.91, weight of 69.47±7.04, height of 162±4, body mass index of 26.47±1.82 were purposefully selected and subjected to training conditions. Subjects performed High Intensity Circuit Training with an intensity of 80-85% of maximum heart rate, each movement was performed for 30 seconds and 30 seconds of active rest, and a total of three circles were performed. after one week, they performed Body Pump exercises with 20% of maximum repetition and the total training time was 60 minutes. The blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after exercise protocols on an empty stomach. In order to investigate the effects within the group in the research stages, the ANOVA test with repeated measures was used. Correlated t-test was used to compare the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Significance level in all statistical tests was considered as p≤ 0.05 with SPSS21 software. The results showed that High Intensity Circuit Training and Body Pump had a significant effect on serum omentin-1 (HICT (P = 0.019), BP (P <0.001)) and insulin resistance (HICT (P = 0.010), BP (P = 0.014)), but this significant difference was observed only between the pre-test and follow-up stages. Therefore, since both protocols had a significant effect on omentin-1 and insulin resistance, overweight people can choose and use one of these two protocols according to their interests or possibilities.

It is very important to know exactly how middle-aged women's physical activity in the country in order to plan and implement measures for its development. Therefore; the purpose of this study was to design a model of physical activity for middle-aged Iranian women. The research method was Grounded Theory, systematic approach. Sampling was theoretical. Data analysis was performed through continuous "questioning" and "comparison". In-order-to achieve theoretical saturation, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 middle-aged women (40-65 years old) who regularly participated in physical activity, while reviewing specialized texts. At the end of different stages of coding, 128 important concepts, 30 subcategories and 9 main categories were identified. Physical activity was determined as the axial variable. At the end of the selective-coding stage, a conceptual model was designed in which "Advices and promotions", "knowledge and awareness", "fear and prevention" and "physical therapy" affect "motivation". Middle-aged women participate in physical activity according to the level of "motivation", "facilities" and "challenges", and subsequently experience the "benefits of physical activity". The "experience of the benefits of physical activity" causes the process to be repeated and the cycle of continuing physical activity to be formed. "Diseases and physical problems" of middle-age is the most important issue for Iranian women at this stage. Therefore, fear of getting or treating these diseases and physical problems is the most important concern of middle-aged Iranian women. According to the most important research findings; increasing awareness, increasing perceived threats, and promoting physical activity among middle-aged women at the community level are necessary.