نشریه بوطیقای معماری
پیاپی 7 (زمستان 1401)

The word "biomechanics" consists of two parts "bio" and "mechanics" and means the application of mechanical principles in living organisms. In other words, biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of a living system using mechanical laws that can be used in architecture and structural system structures. Therefore, biomechanics can be studied in various human, animal and even plant branches such as architecture and interior or industrial design. The method of the current research is descriptive and analytical, which meta-analysis method is also used in summarizing the background. The data collection tool also included documentary and library studies.The findings of the research have shown that, in general, "the design and construction of any type of structure is based on the mechanical structures of nature (biomechanics) based on three basic conditions, which include determining the final goal, determining the main and secondary needs, and choosing the materials that are used for It is necessary to complete and realize a complete work of art"; Because the process of drawing or imagining a structure is a kind of art. And basically this is a kind of inspiration, from the inner experiences of an innate skill and an inherent sense; According to "Edward Troja", the process of visualizing or imagining a structure is an art that is basically achieved through inner experience and direct understanding and is never a result of mere reasoning and speculation.

What a man makes is a manifestation of his aspirations and demands. Therefore, the evolution of architecture is a representation of human life and thought. In fact, architecture is manifested as a mirror of human life. However, because of the role of human being in its development, architecture is related to different sciences and sciences. Attitude towards architecture as a living creature is one of the important interpretations which has long been discussed, however, this concept of the first decade of the nineteenth century with the introduction of the term meaning "life - life" meaning was given more attention. like many of the ideas that influence the doctrine of modern architectural doctrine, sociological analogies have come back to like many of the ideas that influence the doctrine of modern architectural doctrine, sociological analogies have come back to 1750. In those years two books of science and history were published, published, and published in 1753, where green plants were written in 1753 by naming of materials and production ability such as tissue or production methods, and the other book Natural History in 1794, where all living phenomena. In this paper, the study of the ` nature of nature ' and the benchmarking process of it in architecture has been addressed in an analytic approach. The research methodology of the present paper is descriptive - analytic with the application of the ` logical reasoning ' method. the findings show that inspiration from nature and imitation of it as the best example of imitation is always beneficial and has created many innovations in nature and human beings have not been able to discover the most important discoveries in nature and therefore man can find the response of many through experience, experiment, research, and creation of new assumptions. Finally, the dimensions of benchmarking of nature and associated concepts have been.

The overall goal of international human settlement development programs is to improve the social, economic and quality of life conditions, especially the nature and ecosystem of rural areas. The development and improvement of living conditions in human settlements relies on technical cooperation, attracting the participation of different groups of local people in development projects at different levels of decision-making in human settlements. This approach should be considered as the strategies and principles of the development of human settlements. It is a descriptive analytical research method and a meta-analytical method that refers to the research results by summarizing and analyzing international treaties and using data collection tools based on library studies and documents. The findings of the research show that the following are important: 1. Sustainable and balanced rural development and coordinated with the country's development, with a diversity of economic activities compatible with the rural environment, development of human resources and equipping rural spaces; 2. Taking advantage of the local environmental and natural capabilities of rural areas in order to organize a multi-level service delivery system and reform the rural development planning system, emphasizing on increasing the coordination between different levels of planning and localizing its process; and 3. Optimum use of the capacity of rural environments to preserve and maintain the population in accordance with the regional economy, ecological capabilities and effective and balanced use of the country's scattered basic resources in rural areas.

Mandelbrot fractal geometry has the ability to describe a flow of details observed in natural forms. One of the main features that fractal geometry tells us about nature is that nature is not flat. On the other hand, in recent architectural discussions, the concepts of animal biology and "biomorphic" are often identified with architecture consisting of irregular shapes and curves. Biomorphic shape grammars can be accompanied by algorithmic language designs and thus explain and show important sentences that may be produced by architectural design languages of natural forms. The descriptive research method is an analysis that uses the data tools of documentary studies and CAD drawing method and Visual Basic 2 algorithm writing. The research findings show that although shape grammars are based on a defined set of rules, they have been widely used to produce biomorphic architectural plans, diagrams and morphological volume overviews. And an interesting type of shape grammars is fractal generative systems; According to a plan developed by the German mathematician von Koch, a fractal process consists of a primary form (base) and one or more generators.

Abstract One of the main theoretical foundations of the concept of rehabilitation in natural environments goes back to the researches of "Rachel and Stephen Kaplan" in the 80s. "Attention and Concentration Rehabilitation Theory" (ATR) is an important approach in explaining the psychological benefits of nature, which was explained for the first time in the book "Nature Experience: A Psychological Perspective". The nature of fundamental research has been in the field of science development and the boundaries of architectural knowledge. The research method of this article is descriptive, analytical, and logical reasoning method, the data collection tool of which was the entire book of Kaplan, Parsons, and Wilson. The findings of the research show that people show an inherent emotional desire for the more discrete contents of nature in man-made architecture and belonging to such environments (plant and animal life) that experimental studies show that exposure Nature can improve directed attention (mental reconstruction of nature in architecture). However, there is growing evidence that nature is capable of reducing the unpleasant consequences of fatigue. It has also been proven that in the end it should be said that the theory of regeneration is more practical than the theory of sensory function.

Important climatic factors such as wind, radiation, etc. have an important effect on the formation of architecture; So that in the olden days it was necessary to maintain the minimum climatic comfort in the houses and protect the buildings against wind and radiation, but later with the development of cities and the development of ventilation devices, the attention to climatic issues in the establishment of buildings is less It has become more Meanwhile, the relationship between thermal comfort and architectural form and the city has received less attention and requires recognition of design criteria. The method of descriptive and analytical research and biophilic climate analysis is based on the monthly criterion, which was followed by a series of suitable proposals and strategies based on the monthly criterion to achieve climate comfort. The findings of the research show that among meteorological elements, temperature and relative humidity have a great effect on human comfort, so that these two factors largely reflect the climatic conditions of a region and with identifying the characteristics of these elements can provide very useful suggestions for designers for the basic design of urban areas. Also, the natural elements of water, plants and light have a great impact on the human spirit and the use of these elements in the design of today's houses is not only important but also necessary based on biophilic architecture. It can be said that in the climate of Qom, the factors of solar radiation, wind, relative humidity, temperature, in order to achieve climatic desirability and to reach climatic comfort, it is necessary to control the above.