فصلنامه پژوهش های ارتباطی
پیاپی 112 (زمستان 1401)

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the role of media literacy in the development of the principles of professional athletes ethics with a mixed approach. It’s an applied research with a sequential exploratory approach and data was collected through survey. In the qualitative part, the statistical population consisted of university professors, coaches, referees, journalists, spectators and professional athletes, and in the quantitative part, media and press experts and also professional athletes. Among the 384 research samples, 362 correct questionnaires were analyzed and in order to analyze the data, coding was used in the qualitative part and structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part of the research, categories were extracted in the form of 45 conceptual codes and 8 subcategories. The findings in the quantitative part showed that, information source, criteria for media selection and media analysis, honesty and truthfulness, responsibility, loyalty, compliance with social values and compliance with collective ethics were the components of media literacy and they were professional ethics.

The most important source of income for the football industry is television broadcasting copyrights. The popuse of the research is to estimate tha amount of money that citizens would spend to watch the matches (Premier League, FA Cup, Asian Champions League and national team matches in different tournaments) if watching Iranian football matches on TV, only was done by paying the audience. The current research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and is practical in terms of its purpose. The statistical population is Iranian citizens, and the statistical sample was measured through the table of Michel and Carson. To gather data A questionnaire was designed, then citizens were asked about their willingness to pay the copyright of broadcast Iranian football matches on television. Spss and Excel software were used for data analysis. According to the findings, the average willingness of citizens to pay annually for the copyright of broadcast the Premier League is 66,000 Tomans (1.5 $), the National Cup is 84,750 Tomans (1.9 $), the Asian Champions League is 80,750 Tomans (1.4 $), and the national football team's matches in various tournaments are 186,100 Tomans (4.2). The results showed that citizens are willing to financially support football clubs by purchasing annual subscriptions of football matches on television.

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of digital organizational voice in empowering employees by mediating the organizational acceptance of social media in sports organizations. This research is of correlational type, and the statistical population is all employees of sports and youth departments in the west of the country, numbering 885 people from which 370 people were selected through sampling using spss ample power software. The research tool for gathering data was a standard questionnaire. The method of structural equations was used to analyze the data. All the process of data analysis was done by SPSS, PLS software. The findings showed that digital organizational voice had an effect of 0.489 and social media adoption had an effect of 0.467 on empowerment. Digital organizational voice had a 0.830 effect on social media acceptance. Then, it was found that organizational adoption of social media in sports organizations plays a mediating role between digital organizational voice and employee empowerment. In other words, it is for the empowerment of employees, the digital organizational voice and the acceptance of social media.

This research using a mixed approach was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the motivations of fans to follow the pages of Premier League clubs in social media. The research was applied in terms of purpose and carried out in a descriptive-survey way. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes university professors familiar with virtual space and fandom, as well as selected fans of Persepolis and Esteghlal sports clubs. In order to select the interviewees, the purposeful sampling method was used; This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally, 20 people were selected as samples. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included all fans who follow the pages of Persepolis (7.8 million people) and Esteghlal (3.5 million people) on Instagram. The maximum number of samples (384 people) was used based on Morgan's table by random group sampling method. The research tools to ghater data was semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire with 24 items and 4 main components in the form of a Likert scale. Open, axial, and selective coding was used to examine the data of the qualitative part, and the method of structural equation modeling was used in the quantitative part. The results showed that the fans' motivations for following Premier League clubs' pages on social media are: information and awareness, identity, social and entertainment, respectively. Identifying the motivations for following the virtual pages of famous clubs can provide a perspective to other clubs.

The purpose of this research is to design an interpretive structural model of the reasons for media not supporting talent management in Iranian football with an interpretive structural modeling approach. The research conducted by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). In the first step, thematic analysis and in the second step, interpretative structural modeling was done. The statistical population in both qualitative and quantitative parts, due to the expert-centeredness of the interpretive structural modeling approach, included a group of experts, including professors in the field of sports management and sports media, managers of the football federation and provincial boards, all of whom were interviewed. Two methods of thematic analysis (MAXQDA software) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) (Excel software) were used to analyze the data. Five main themes were identified for the reasons of media not supporting talent management in Iranian football: nature, managerial, human, facilities and economic. Nature and facilities factors are affected by other factors and have little effect on the others. Management and economic factors affect other factors and are affected by them, and finally, the human factor itself has a great influence on other factors, but the influence of other factors on it is small.

The purpose of the research is to identify and rank the factors affecting the society's tendency towards public sports through media. This study was conducted by mixed method, both qualitative and quantitative approaches, using Delphi method, with a statistical population consisting of 9 sports management professors and experienced activists in the sports media, who were selected purposefully. The findings showed that encouraging social participation in public sports through social networks, providing information through social networks, and strengthening the culture of public sports through social networks, all are known as the most important factors with an agreement coefficient of 0.782, and information components with a similarity coefficient of 0.732, Cultivation with a similarity coefficient of 0.706 and education with a similarity coefficient of 0.683, respectively, have been among the most important roles of the media in the society's tendency towards public sports.

This research studied the way of media framing of women and race in sports news photos in online sports media in order to answer the question whether the photos of women in different sports sites reproduce a specific discourse and sign based on patriarchal and racial ideology and framing or different perspectives on the race-centered representation of women in their sports photographs. For this purpose, by using the non-probability sampling method, the photos of female athletes in the 2020 Olympics on the websites of Eurosports, Varzsh 3, Sporting News, Golf News, and Titan Sports were examined and a total of 646 photos were coded using the content analysis method, then were analyzed by SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between sports websites and the subject of the photo, the role of women, race and type of sport. Also, there is a significant relationship between the subject of the photo and the role of women, race and the role of women, and race and the subject of the photo with 99% confidence. The published photos suggest that women's news in sports media is framed in a way that conforms to cultural stereotypes that are used to reproduce traditional gender roles. Also, the " Underestimate" of women is seen in the policy of sports media all over the world.