فصلنامه بهداشت در عرصه
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1401)

Drug compounds, including acetaminophen, enter the environment through urban and industrial wastewater. The presence of these substances in very small amounts causes adverse effects on health. The goal of this research is to investigate of acetaminophen removal from aqueous solution by batch proxy electrochemical reactor with using zinc-copper electrode and hydrogen peroxide.

This study is a laboratory experimental research. Water sample containing acetaminophen was prepared and removal efficiency in different conditions of variables pH (4-8), c reaction time (30-90 min), concentration of acetaminophen (50-200 mg/L), current density (3-9 mA/cm2), and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5-1.5 mg/L) were studied. Acetaminophen was determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 360. Ethical considerations were observed at all stages of the study.

In electrochemical reactor, the removal rate of 50 mg/L acetaminophen was obtained in the optimal conditions of 2 cm distance between electrodes, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes electrolysis time, and pH equal to 4, 63%. In proxy electrochemical reactor, the amount of acetaminophen removal at a concentration of 1.5 mg/L hydrogen peroxide, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes time reaction, an optimal pH equal to 4, and 50 mg/L acetaminophen concentration was obtained 100%.

Based on these results, the peroxy electrochemical method, as a promising and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technology, is effective in removing acetaminophen from aqueous solutions and the process implementation conditions are more cost-effective compared to electrochemical method.

Sharps injuries are a threat to the nursing community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses working in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam towards the prevention of injuries caused by sharp and sharp objects in 2020.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 157 nurses working in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. The study sample were included by census method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 54 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts' opinions and approved (CVR > 0.54). The reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha method (0.74, 0.78 and 0.78 for knowledge, attitude and practice alternatively). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Ethical considerations were taken into account throughout the study.

In this study, the mean and standard deviation of nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice were 6.41(± 1.94), 31.76 (± 6.09) and 18.85 (± 6.50), respectively. There were significant differences in nurses’ knowledge according to the age, duration of employment, employment status, vaccination history, previous training and place of work. Also, there were significant differences in attitude according to place of work; and practice according to duration of employment, place of work, and degree of education (P<0.05).

Due to the poor knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses of Ilam Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital towards injuries caused by sharp objects, it is necessary to plan and implement an intervention in order to improve nurse’s knowledge, attitude and practice. Designing and continuous presentation a set of appropriate trainings for nurses, requiring nurses to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, establish an accurate and credible reporting system, and as well as principles of ergonomics in the workplace can be used as the necessary solutions in this area.

Drug compounds, including acetaminophen, enter the environment through urban and industrial wastewater. The presence of these substances in very small amounts causes adverse effects on health. The goal of this research is to investigate of acetaminophen removal from aqueous solution by batch proxy electrochemical reactor with using zinc-copper electrode and hydrogen peroxide.

This study is a laboratory experimental research. Water sample containing acetaminophen was prepared and removal efficiency in different conditions of variables pH (4-8), c reaction time (30-90 min), concentration of acetaminophen (50-200 mg/L), current density (3-9 mA/cm2), and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5-1.5 mg/L) were studied. Acetaminophen was determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 360. Ethical considerations were observed at all stages of the study.

In electrochemical reactor, the removal rate of 50 mg/L acetaminophen was obtained in the optimal conditions of 2 cm distance between electrodes, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes electrolysis time, and pH equal to 4, 63%. In proxy electrochemical reactor, the amount of acetaminophen removal at a concentration of 1.5 mg/L hydrogen peroxide, 9 mA/cm2 electric current density, 30 minutes time reaction, an optimal pH equal to 4, and 50 mg/L acetaminophen concentration was obtained 100%.

Based on these results, the peroxy electrochemical method, as a promising and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technology, is effective in removing acetaminophen from aqueous solutions and the process implementation conditions are more cost-effective compared to electrochemical method.

T his study was conducted with the aim of investigating the emotional stat us , risk perception and knowledge of nurses about COVID - 19 in Zanjan city.

The current research was a cross - sectional descriptive study conducted on 271 nurses. The tools included questionnaires of knowledge and understanding of risk and emotional state questionnaire (HSCL). The validity of the exploited tool was evaluated by measuring CVI and CVR, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software.

A significant relationship was observed between the participants' emotional stat us and their work experience. The knowledge and awareness of 92% of the samples towards Covid - 19 was "high". There was a significant relationship between awareness and knowledge about C ovid - 19 and gender, marital status. Also, t here observed a significant correlation between awareness and knowledge and the level of attitude and perceptions of the participants, as well as between the level of attitude and perceptions with the scal e of sensitivity in interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, both the gender and education level significant ly correlated with depression subscale in HCLS emotional state questionnaire.

Having nurses in a state of emotional stability makes the m well able to manage the existing cri tical situation s by acquiring knowledge and to guide C ovid - 19 patients as well as other members of the community in order to prevent the infection.

The implementation of online medical system in the country requires that medical centers respect their patients' rights and satisfaction. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to assess t he relationship between online search for health information and the improvement of patient services and staff commitment to medical instructions during different stages of treatment.

The present study is a descriptive and applied study. The statistical population of this study includes hospitalized patients and staff working in different wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran . Totally, 297 individuals participated in this study . Based on Cochran's formula, a sample of 170 partic ipants was selected and were studied using a standard questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient greater than 0.7. SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data in two levels of descriptive and analytical statistics.

The analysis of hypotheses using structural equation modeling showed that online information search before the start of the treatment period, the nature of interactions during the treatment period , and upgrading the capabilities of the service provider to improve physi cian - patient communication through physician coordination and patient, as well as the quality of nurse - patient relationship play a significant role in the practice of physician s’ instructions by patients.

Based on the results of present researc h, it is suggested that sufficient facilities and infrastructure for us ing Internet and information technology should be made available to the public in order to use the benefits of the online medical system for different segments of society.

Reducing mental health of health workers will have profound adverse consequences on the process of providing services in conditions of coronavirus outbreak in the community. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the factors affecting mental health and its components in health workers in provinces with red Covid - 19 status .

This descriptive - analytical cross - sectional study was performed in 2020 on 627 health workers working in the provinces with red Covid - 19 status. The participants were selected by multi - stage sampling method. Data were collected online using general health questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using one - way analysis of varia nce and LSD post hoc test with SPSS 16. The significance level of all analyzes was considered to be 0.05 .

Mental disorders were observed in workers working in provinces with red status of Covid - 19. The majority of the studied population showed goo d mental health. There observed a significant difference between the total mean of mental health and demographic variables (p<0.05). Physical manifestation (17%) and stress (3%) were the most and the least observed mental disorders, respectively. Overall, the findings revealed that the average of mental disorders in the studied population was 25±14.

Considering the high importance of improving mental health among health workers, it is necessary to put the necessary trainings to deal with difficu lt conditions on the agenda.

P lastic bags , despite many applications , pose serious threat s to the environment and the lives of humans and organisms . To tackle these health and environmental risks requires understanding the factors influencing inappropriate consumption of plastic bags. This paper aims to provide a scoping rev iew of studies on reducing the consumption of plastic bags in Iran and the world.

K eywords including p lastic bags, r eduction, consumption, p ersonal factor and e nvironmental factor were searched in reliable databases such as SID, PUBMED, Scopus and Google Scholar. The searches were limited to the period of 2009 to 2022 and consequently more than 90 studies were identified and extracted. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

Totally , 32 published works , which were the most relevant studies with the present study, were examined. Then, the studi ed factors were divided into three categories : psychological factors, demographic factors and environmental factors. F inally , the reported effect of each of these factors with the intended consumption behavior was investigat ed.

In view of the behavior of reducing plastic bag consumption, attitude and normative belie ve as well as co ntrol believe s were t he most ineffective and the most effective factor s, respectively . It seems that in this environmental behavior, positive attitude alone is not enough and the gap between attitude and behavior is filled with knowledge of ways to reduce plastic bag consumption, belief in the ability to do these methods and compatible social pressures.