فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات
پیاپی 67 (تابستان 1401)

Oriental Despotism is one of the orientalist theories that seeks to explain the East from a Western perspective. In this study, we examined Wittfogel's theory of Oriental Despotism from the perspective of geographical differences in premodern Iran. The theoretical and methodological foundations of this research are influenced by the school of anal historiography, with an emphasis on geographical differences. This research is a library and its findings have been extracted from the works of Iranian authors. To show how Iranian scholars deal with the theory of Oriental Despotism , the tradition of anthropology (field historiography) has been analyzed and in which the works of Javad Safinejad and Morteza Farhadi have been emphasized. The result of this research is to determine the relationship between Iranian experts and the theory of Oriental Despotism . Based on the findings of this study, the tradition of field historiography provides a different narrative of the mechanism of agriculture, land and irrigation in different parts of Iran, which differs from the presuppositions and foundations of Wittfogel's Oriental Despotism theory and can be a prelude to writing field history and local histories.

This article examines the theoretical possibilities of writing the history of the present. In order to do so, it examines Eurocentric origins of Hegelian philosophy and its materialist counter- concepts in Marx and his philosophy. The article then tries to problematize sociology as a “scientific” discourse which is heavily reliant on the orientalist discourse with its Hegelian conceptions of history and society in the Orient. The article then argues that historical sociology is inherently western-oriented and reduces oriental histories and societies to their “absent” elements. In order to escape this theoretical dilemma, the article proposes Weber’s “historical individual” as a theoretical concept that’s capable of offering a perspective to study the history of nonwestern societies immanently. But, it’s argued, Weber’s historical individual ultimately rests on Weber’s neo-Kantian subject which deprives it of its potential to offer an immanent critique. The article then argues that Foucault’s genealogy is the best strategy to study the histories and society of non-western non-reductively and immanently.

In this essay we try to study Focaults genealogical approach and his critical project as a kind of critical method-thinking and not a logical-formal method-instrument. The key character of this kind of critical method-thinking as a strategy is to positioning differently against the world and to appear reality differently and through it problematizing the presentness. However this present isn’t discrete from past and future than can be studied in a methodological isolation. By the way to an interpretation, one of critical indicators of genealogical method is to study simultaneously the past, the present and the future under the concept of power. So in this passage we study Focaults confrontation with the past through the essay “Nitsche, Genealogy, History”, the present through the essay “What is Critique?”, and the future through the essay “Intellectuals and Power”. The key concept that unifies these three confrontation is power. It is the concept that from the ontological respect isn’t owned by someone, but it is in the form of power relations.

The protests of January 2018 are the samples of the emergence of new social movements in Iran. The characteristics of these movements are being non-ideological, lack of single leadership, dispersion, having a network structure among the members and using modern communication techniques on cyberspace platform. These protests travelled to dozens of points in Iran in a short time and led IRIB to react within two days of the start of the protests on 20:30 news section. According to the constructivist approach in representation theory, the media narratives of events are a representation within their ideological and discursive contexts rather than an objective account of reality, as the representation of the protests in the media can lead to the control and guidance of the protests, and increase the trust and reference nature of that medium. The study tried to examine the representation of the involved parties, internal and external officials, as well as the demands made at these gatherings in 20:30 news section one month after the start of the events, using the representation theory. The study used qualitative content analysis methods.This method section based on John Fisk's model in the study of visual texts. The combined model is presented for text analysis, which is a combination of the models of Selbi, Cadouri, Barthes, Fairclough and Van Dijk. The results of the qualitative section indicated that the image of the protesters in the most popular news section of IRIB is accompanied by approached presenting the protesters as “others” organized by enemies.

Feeling happy and cheerful is one of the most basic human needs and desires and can have undeniable effects on various aspects of life of all people, including teachers. Considering the important role and position of teachers in the education and socialization of students, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family social trust on the social vitality of married high school teachers in Tehran in 1398. The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. A total of 382 people from the study population were determined based on the Cochran's formula and the questionnaire link was provided to the respondents. Cronbach's alpha test was also used to determine the reliability of the items. SPSS 22 software and software LISREL 8.5 were used for data analysis. The results showed that the level of social trust among teachers' families as well as teachers' social vitality is desirable and higher than the average of the criterion (score 3 of the average Likert scale); Also, the results of regression test showed that family social trust has a significant and increasing effect on teachers' social vitality.

The social network can be seen as a complex arena of human relationships that has emerged in the present and among social activists. The purpose of this research is to study the main components of the general field and its adaptation to the telegram social network. This research has been conducted using qualitative method and using content analysis approach. For this research, nine groups of telegrams have been selected and targeted for a week. Studies show that the social telegram network, despite its potential and actual capacities, offers a good opportunity to publish and critique social-rights issues, to have more freedom, and more. This network can not be considered as a public sphere, but it can contribute to the formation of the public sphere. It should be noted that among the components of the public sphere, the "raising of civil matters" has become more closely related to the public sphere than the other components, but the component of "freedom of speech, equality in dialogue and the creation of discursive space" is shaped and deformed Finds out the public sphere.

The results of the report of the social, cultural and media working group of the special committee of the national flood report regarding the performance of the press, news agencies, radio and television, social networks and public relations in the management of the flood crisis of 1998 were evaluated and A comparative form has been studied. The method of this research was documentary and of the "review" type with an interactive approach. The results indicate that although important aspects of "crisis management" centered on natural hazards in the theoretical-analytical field, policymaking and model presentation, as well as empirical research based on the centrality of the role of different media in the three stages of the crisis, are Scattered and separated have always been of interest, but the distinctive and outstanding point of the "media" report of the National Flood Report Special Committee was the comprehensive treatment of the media in the crisis. A comparison with a foreign example in relation to the research of the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, shows that among them are "lack of necessary preparations for crisis situations by the media", "necessity of interaction between officials and journalists", "level Weak training of the media", "lack of proper government support for media infrastructure and journalists", "lack of training in crisis journalism" and "superficial view of the media on the events" pointed out. If the suggestions of the mentioned report are implemented, we can expect Iranian organizations and media to play a more effective role in the next crises.

Media determine for public opinion or politicians that should think about what topics and the amount of importance of issues by using agenda-setting theory. There has been a lot of scientific researches on how to cover climate change news in different media in other countries, but in Iran as one of the top ten emitters of greenhouse gases that is also one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its geographical location, such researches have rarely been done. This study is one of the first scientific researches that attempt to understand precisely how climate change news has highlighted in Iranian dailies.The theory of agenda-setting and quantitative content analysis has been used to achieve this goal, and fifteen well-known Iranian dailies reviewed from two weeks before to two weeks after holding the United Nations climate change conferences of Bonn 2017, Paris 2015, Copenhagen 2009 and Montreal 2005). Finally, have been gathered 3905 environmental articles that 388 articles were about climate change issues.The findings showed that the Iranian dailies had got a poor performance in highlighting climate change subjects. The news coverage of the conferences has decreased from Copenhagen to Bonn, indicating that as global warming and its consequences increased, the Iranian press's attention to the issue has diminished. As well as the political perspectives of dailies have been evaluated influential on how to highlight climate change news, and there were significant differences between them in the ways of covering climate change news too.

It is important to identify the political and social atmosphere governing the electoral process and the subjects of the political parties, groups and political figures, since in the campaign they use different tricks to justify and explain their ideas. The present study seeks to study the sequences selected from the propaganda films of the representatives of the two voluntary and influential volunteers in the 12th presidential election in Iran, using the method of semiotics based on Barthes's model and the analytical account of the pattern of Paddam (Dr. Bashir), while identifying the major discursive axes Each of the two electoral candidates also identifies the central slogans of their discourse.In the course of the documentary, Dr. Reesey is seen to be articulated by placing "justice" as the central axis of articulation of the fundamentalist discourse, the discursive order of "negation of aristocracy," "dignity," "anti-corruption," "simplistic," and "fairness" are articulated. Mr. Rouhani also put the "balance" as the centerpiece of the articulation of the oppressive wing, the discourse order of the Soviet Consultation, "equality in the rights of ethnicity and gender," the fight against censorship and filtering, "" critique of criticism, "" international reconciliation and The struggle against air pollution, "" moderation and overcoming extremism, "and" alternative militarism diplomacy ".

Considering sexual education as an empowerment factor for children, parents as facilitators need to receive true and reliable information which be in line with cultural considerations. The objective of this study is recognizing native model of media sexual education that uncover characteristics of its form and content for educating, informing and empowering parents. For this, we used qualitative approach and grounded theory. Data gathered from 13 experts and practitioners, and analysed by using micro-analysis method including open and axical coding. 646 open codes and conceptual labels extracted. Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated (0.6) which showed the acceptable reliability of the data. Research indicated that it is needed to pay attention to sexual education of children. Using of different media formats with the preference of television and mobile messengers; indirect education; and adaptation of information with different groups of audiences were identified as formal features in sexual-ity education through the media. being appropriate to the culture and customs of society; adopting a scientific view on the subject; the need for self-care and body awareness training; avoiding extreems; and gradual and step-by-step education were introduced as content’s attributes. also, timely education and awareness; education of gender roles; and providing role models are necessary in order to empower children. Finally, the "communication model of sexual education programs in the media" was drawn.

"Jealousy" is a kind of cultural feeling and value in the Iranian family system. As cultural change has taken place over the past few decades, women's exposure to this notion has changed. This article seeks to interpret women's understanding of men's jealousy, and to this end the audience is based on the "Mali And Its Untraveled Paths Film". The data collection tool was semi-structured interview. To achieve the goal, the method of narrative analysis is used and the analysis technique is the method of William Lebow.Given that women's interpretation of Jealousy is narrative, the findings show that women perceive Jealousy as a "necessary support."; That is, comprehensive support that comes with trust, lack of respect, lack of skepticism, and lack of skepticism. Women find this kind of jealousy necessary for their lives because they see it as a symbol of love and affection for their spouse. For women, men see jealousy as a kind of control over women and the result is violence. This asymmetry in understanding Jealousy for couples is a crisis. Audience reading is also a dual film. Some narrators sympathized with the character of "Malihea" in the film because they had lived through her life, while others considered the film exaggerated. This shows that the audience's perception of the film is inspired by their real-life experiences.

in recent years, funding for cultural activities has been hampered by declining municipalities' revenue due to the inflationary recession. In addition, the unfavorable economic conditions of the society have caused the citizens to follow and react more sensitively to the allocation of the budget to the governmental and public cultural organizations.Thus, increasing productivity and growth in the ratio of output to input, along with reducing costs and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of public and governmental cultural organizations, has become not a necessity but an obligation. In this regard, the present study, with the aim of providing a model for measuring productivity in Iranian cultural organizations, has identified the components of measuring productivity in the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in 1398. For this purpose, the necessary data were collected from experimental studies related to the keyword of productivity and its dimensions and analyzed using the method of thematic analysis. The results showed that the factors related to productivity measurement in cultural organizations can be classified in 5 main components with 58 sub-categories as follows: (1) leadership style, (2) individual factors, (3) economic factors, (4) environmental factors and (5) Cultural and social factors. It should be noted that the use of these results can increase productivity in cultural organizations and provide savings in government and public sector resources. In addition, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of cultural activities.