نشریه پژوهش در آموزش مطالعات اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 9، پاییز 1400)

The main purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of teaching social studies during the corona from the perspective of students. The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis was performed by interpretive content analysis. The statistical population is all junior-high school students (grade 7, 8, and 9) in Najafabad who were studying in the academic year 1399-1400. According to the theoretical method, using the data saturation, 20 of them were sampled and interviewed. The results of data analysis showed that the most important challenges of teaching studies during the corona from the students' point of view are; Challenges of teaching through networks (10 sub-themes), Challenges related to assessment and evaluation (5 sub-themes), Challenges related to teachers and their media and virtual literacy (5 sub-themes), Challenges Student-related issues (5 sub-themes) are family-related challenges (5 sub-themes) that reduce learning and the quality of social studies education, and it is necessary to think of better ways and appropriate solutions in this regard.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of blended and multimedia education on students' academic achievement. The research method is quasi-experimental with three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of the study included all elementary school students in Aq Qala city. A cluster sampling method was used to select 60 students from second grade students in Aq Qala city and homogeneously in terms of grade point average and mathematical score in three groups (two experimental and one control group). They were divided. The research instrument consisted of Pham Taylor (1994) Academic Achievement Questionnaire with 48 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.84 using Cronbach's alpha. And approved. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 in two parts: descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage) and inferential analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Covariance). Findings showed that multimedia and multimedia education had a positive and significant effect on students' academic achievement (p <0.01). Therefore, it can be stated that multimedia and multimedia education improve students' academic achievement.

Teaching social studies with major basic issues including; limitations in teaching methods, incorrect implementation of limited methods, lack of development of learning tools and lack of creativity in designing learning experiences. This has generally made the social studies classroom atmosphere boring and useless, leaving students with the lack of motivation and indifference. This process not only does not lead to the education of an informed and responsible citizen, but also gradually challenges the knowledge, attitude, and skill requirements required to achieve it. Accordingly, the present article aims to apply the principles of explicit and creative curriculum and provides an operational model in six steps to address these issues. The present article, with a qualitative approach and secondary analysis method in documentary studies, first by reviewing and studying scientific sources and articles, sets the principles of explicit and creative curriculum in social studies education and then practical steps in the classroom, with mentioning practical examples. According to the findings of this study, in addition to implementing the six steps; formulate explicit goals, pay attention to students' level of understanding, pay attention to the fields of learning experiences, pay attention to psychological dimensions, emphasize on every day and tangible experiences, and design free and effective communication mechanisms in the classroom in an explicit and creative way,  so it will be able to transform the social studies classroom.

The purpose of this study is to study the skills and competencies required of a teacher in the students' political and social education. In this study, researchers tried to answer the question of what skills and competencies does a teacher need in the students' political and social education? To answer this basic question, the method of documentary documentation in data collection and the analytical-interpretive method in data analysis have been used. Findings indicate that the education system has an important role in the students' political and social education .By creating and strengthening basic social skills of students, the teacher tries to put into practice the principles of social education, which include; unity, responsibility, justice and participation  to achieve the goals of social education .In student's political education, the teacher is also expected to address the components of political education, which include; freedom, independence, justice and giving political awareness, pay serious attention to political education leads to political development at the community level

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the activities of non-governmental organizations in the tendency towards nature and respect for the environment among students in Baneh and Marivan (Kurdistan Province). This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. 381 high school students were selected as the sample size and a standard questionnaire was distributed among them by stratified sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis method was performed according to the nature of data collected from Pearson correlation coefficient statistics and one-sample t-test in SPSS software. The results showed that the variable that had a higher mean than other variables among the respondents was the activity variable of non-governmental environmental associations. Another result of the present study was that the relationship between the performance and activities of the association was Environmental aspects of non- governmental institutions and students have been a positive and direct relationship in the society in question.

Disability is a condition that interferes with a person's ability to perform daily tasks. Today, education plays a decisive role in the lifestyle of the disabled population. Education of the disabled is one of the topics that is of interest to experts in various fields such as sociology, psychology , demography,and etc. In theoretical foundations, the main reliance is on demographic studies with a sociological approach and education and disability. The theoretical premise is that the lifestyle of students with disabilities is influenced by education as well as culture. The most important variable affecting the lifestyle of the disabled is "education". This research is a qualitative and applied study. The statistical population of this study is student theses and scientific-research articles and related books in the field of skills training and empowerment in relation to teaching the issues and needs of the disabled population, which are from the SID sites of Jihad Daneshgahi, Magiran.com, Noormags.ir and Ensani.ir Used. Due to the nature and subject of the research, in addition to reviewing the articles, documentary and library methods and MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software were used. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is the lifestyle education and needs and life priorities of students with disabilities. The following findings were extracted: 1.Inadequate educational facilities and lack of skills training for students with disabilities and urban planning facilities. 2. Weakness of services and educational and social spaces such as: virtual education space, employment and etc.

The aim of this study was to identify the components of citizenship education among male high school students in Tehran. The method of conducting field research is with a survey strategy. Data were collected using a questionnaire from 210 teachers in Tehran by multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling. According to the purpose of the research, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data and identify the underlying components. The applicability of exploratory factor analysis for this study was confirmed by kmo test(%p 05%).This indicates that both the matrix homogeneity is rejected and the variables can be reduced to a minimum of factors. Finally, the studied variables were reduced to 6 factors, which in total with a cumulative frequency of 55.54 were able to explain the total variance of the variables. These factors are given priority in the components of trust and responsibility with special value (6.012),religious and organizational commitment with special value(2.072). Active planning with special value(1.500),Critic with special value(1.416) and Strategic educational awareness with special value(1.226)were identified and specified. Therefore, it can be said that students showed the greatest role and learning of their citizenship in the component of trust and responsibility as the first factor with variance (249/04).