فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1401)

Women, as half of the world's population, play an important role in the development of different societies. Therefore, solving women's issues and problems is very important; In particular, addressing the issue of their empowerment, which is an effort to improve their economic, cultural and social status. In this regard, looking at a set of global experiences shows that innovation and social entrepreneurship can be used as strategies to empower and improve the situation of women. Accordingly, the present study seeks to examine the experiences of Malaysia in the field of women's empowerment by using innovation and social entrepreneurship models by conducting a documentary study and moving from a descriptive-analytical approach. In the end, after reviewing and analyzing the experiences of this country based on the content analysis technique, the lessons learned are classified and examples are mentioned for each category; Including gender equality programs; Support for working women; Attention to women in political and governmental decisions; Paying attention to financing women's business activities; Training, guidance and evaluation.

online social networks. The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between attachment and online social network addiction with the mediating role of online social support. The statistical population of this study was cyberspace users living in Kurdistan province, who have used at least one online social network, In March 2022. The sample group consisted of 384 cyberspace users, who were selected using non-probability sampling method. They responded to the Collins & Read (1990) Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire, the Mobile-based Social Network Addiction Scale developed by Khajeh Ahmadi et al. (2016), and the Nick, et al (2018) Online Social Support Scale. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, simultaneous regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient) using SPSS23 software. Findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between anxious / ambivalent / avoidant attachment styles and online social network addiction. But there is no significant relationship between secure attachment style and online social network addiction. In addition, it was found that there is a significant positive relationship between anxious/ambivalent attachment style and online social support, but there is no significant relationship between avoidant/secure attachment styles and online social support. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between online social support and addiction to online social networks. Analysis of data through the VAF index shows that online social support as a mediating variable has a small effect on the relationship between adult attachment styles and online social network addiction.

As the future makers of societies, children and adolescents play the greatest role in the future of the countries, and how they train is one of the key issues of society. The toy is the first training tool that a child deals with from the beginning of his personality formation. Nevertheless, analyzing the research has shown that this industry's cultural and economic dimensions in Iran have not been well understood and are not in the right direction. As the total production of toys in the best condition, it accounts for less than 10% of the domestic market volume. Therefore, this article aims to accurately recognize the challenges of the Iranian toy industry in terms of conceptual modeling. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach and a Theme analysis method have been used. The research population consisted of managers, policy-makers, experts, and businessmen in Iran's toy industry. Twenty-one participants were selected through a targeted sampling method. The findings showed that the challenges and shortcomings of the Iranian toy industry can be defined in four categories: weakness in cultural, legal, manufacturing, and commercial infrastructure.

The present study examines the campaigns of female candidates during the 11th parliamentary elections (2019) in social media. Exploring the posts presented on their Instagram pages to find out how they used the capacities of this popular platform for political propaganda and political bargaining to attract the attention of indigenous voters.Pages of the 8 winner and loser candidates in noncenteral areas, especially constituencies involving ethnic groups and minorities, were monitored and video and textual information was analyzed during the permitted campaign period. The total data of 121 posts were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of duration of activity, number of posts, number of comments, number of words, type of images, number of likes, number of followers.The findings show that female candidates and their election campaigns did not make much use of the capacities of Instagram cyberspace in the election campaign in terms of the mentioned variables. The methods of face-to-face communication, backed by kinship-ethnic relations, may have determined the voting behaviour of these candidates. However, features such as not providing the audience with the opportunity to comment, not expressing political orientation, not taking a stand on issues related to the status of women and their demands in the local community on the one hand and analyzing the qualitative content of their advertising images on personal pages on the other, indicate that the old media gatekeepers are still present. As a result, female candidates have been very cautious in the popular Instagram media for getting the votes.

One of the important issues of urban poverty is marginalization. Marginal areas are also part of the large system of the city, but the livelihood of marginalized residents is different from other parts of the city in terms of spatial, economic, social and cultural boundaries and faces severe shortages. Marginalization plays a role, so we must use the capacity of non-governmental organizations. This research has been done with qualitative content analysis technique, which is based on collecting data from national and international articles and reports related to them and other reliable sources related to the capacity of organizations in order to empower marginalized residents and evaluations and The authors' mental impressions of these sources have been made. In this study, one category of NGOs' capacities in order to empower marginalized residents, three sub-categories of local community policy-making, popular institution building and behavioral psychology and twelve codes including discovering and recognizing general issues, education, measuring perspectives, motivation. Accepting and creating public legitimacy, expanding and strengthening coordination between municipalities and non-governmental organizations, public mobilization and public participation, informing and raising awareness, attracting public funds and small resources, prevention, treatment and guidance and guidance to The capacities of non-governmental organizations in order to empower the marginalized residents were discussed.

the main abject of this study is analyzing the obstacles and barriers of intergenerational dialogue within the Iranian family. In order to achieve the objectives of this current research, qualitative methodology was used and semi-structured in-depth interview was used to collect information. 20 experts and researchers in the field of intergenerational relations in Iran were selected with the purposeful sampling method to interview.This experts and researchers have been concerned and continuously engaged in this research field for about two decades. Data analysis was done through three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding by the use of MaxQDA software. The results showed that the most important intra-family obstacles to intergenerational dialogue are " weighty economic and social responsibilities of the family", "reduction of collective leisure and common space in the family", "loss of authority and parenting role of parents", "unfavorability of the quality of parents' relations with children" and "lack of knowledge and communication skills between parents and children".

aim This study is Compare the attitudes and the use of working women and housewives Ardabil toward Instagram. method was survey. The population of this study All working women and housewives in Ardabil city of 135,000 households And 27,000 thousand employees, among them 384 for each group Individually for example, was chosen by Morgan table. To Housewives and working to determine the attitude of the questionnaire Instagram Was used. The data using the software spss Were analyzed. The results showed that 30 percent of 49% of working women and housewives are members of Instagram. Women's Home With more time spent on Instagram relative to working women and Both groups are used more for entertainment and recreation. The attitude Overall housewives and working to Instagram there is a significant difference in So that the general attitude positive attitude toward working women, housewives Instagram Is negative. Between housewives and working women's attitude towards the performance, ethical issues There is a significant gender difference and Instagram so that the attitudes of both Group functions Instagram is somewhat negative. Negative attitude to working women Ethics in Instagram and housewives have a positive attitude to it.

he outbreak of covid-19 has lasted more than 2 years and wide closures, quarantine, isolation and restriction in traveling, have made considerable transformation in different economic, social, cultural and artistic areas including music as an art which experienced dramatic changes. These changes while promising deep achievements in future, have made reviewing and rethinking on common rules in this music art- industry.The main issue of research is the consequences of covid-19 on Iranian music. The findings show that Iranian music have faced considerable developments in 4 fields during the pandemic including music education, production, distribution and consumption. These developments have made new prospects for Iranian music and paved the way to put Iranian music in new pathways.According to the cancelling music events during pandemic which were held non virtually before coronavirus outbreak, the current gradual virtualization of the music value chain including production, distribution and consumption will change dramatically in postcrowna era.As Iranian music artists do not use internet vastly for music practices and, it may gradually lead Iranian music listeners who are constant users of internet to nonIranian music. So more virtual practices of Iranian musicians are necessary.

One of the biggest challenges for the criminal justice system is tackling cybercrime. Due to the special characteristics of cybercrime, the government criminal response to the scope of these crimes is not sufficient and efficient; to tackle cybercrime comprehensively and successfully, it is essential to have a participatory criminal policy with the broad cooperation of NGOs, users and citizens of cyberspace. The present study evaluates the possibility of adopting a participatory criminal policy in cyberspace by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and seeks to identify the executive mechanisms of this strategy. Findings of this study include measures such as "inviting honorable people to have an effective presence in cyberspace", "forming private patrol groups", "strengthening online norms", "delegating part of the prosecution to NGOs", "helping former criminals to "Discovery of a crime", "Using a jury during a trial", "Providing public services instead of punishment" and "Compensation for damages through cyber insurance" are introduced as options for a participatory strategy in controlling and combating cybercrime.

In the current era, cyberspace has attracted the attention of a large number of people due to its extensive functions and interactions and has attracted many users. Is. In this study, exposure to violent virtual content and the impact of external conditions and environment based on social learning theory and the role of virtual networks in reproducing overt and covert violence based on planting theory were among the approaches studied. The research data were collected by a questionnaire with a sample size of 384 people and by random cluster sampling method. The statistical population was also citizens of the five districts of Rasht. According to the research

Exposure to violent virtual content and the use of virtual networks and the desirability of external conditions and environments increase overt and covert violence. Based on the results of multiple regression, the violent virtual content variable explains 48% of the changes in the violence variable, and this variable has the most direct effect on overt and covert violence.