مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی مشهد
سال چهل و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 124، بهار 1402)

Due to their satisfactory analgesic properties and minor side effects, prescribing medications such as Naproxen and Novafen, has long been an area of clinical research. This study aimed to compare the effect of Naproxen and Novafen on postoperative pain, swelling, and quality of life in patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery. This double-blind randomized clinical trial included all healthy adults within the age range of 18-30 years old referred to a dental clinic in Ilam, Iran in need of third molar surgery. Patients had unerupted mesioangular third molars in the mandible. Participants were randomly allocated to two equal groups, receiving either Naproxen or Novafen postoperatively. Patients were evaluated one, three and seven days, postoperatively in terms of pain, swelling and quality of life. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and ANOVA. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 102 consecutive patients took part in this study, including 51 females and 51 males with a mean age of 24.77 ± 4.03 years. On the first day after surgery, there was no significant difference regarding pain intensity between the two groups (P=0.064). There was a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity values in the Naproxen group compared to the Novafen group (P<0.001). On the third and seventh days postoperatively, pain intensity reduced significantly in the Naproxen group (P=0.003). In both Naproxen and Novafen analgesia groups, the degree of swelling on the seventh day was significantly less compared to the first and third days (P<0.05). Novafen showed less reduction in swelling in comparison to Naproxen. According to the obtained results, Naproxen is able to induce a greater reduction in postoperative pain and swelling compared to Novafen, and could therefore be used as a cost-effective and relatively safe medication for pain management after third molar surgery.

The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of dissertations of Mashhad Dentistry School, Mashhad, Iran, during 2014-2019.Methods and Materials: The pertaining titles of all theses conducted in Mashhad Dentistry School within the years 2014 to 2019, were evaluated. The theses were divided into 11 educational groups and two subgroups of under-graduate and post-graduate theses. Then, applicability of the dissertations was examined according to the research objectives and based on the prepared checklist. The results were presented descriptively. During 2014-2019, 595 dissertations were completed at Mashhad Dentistry School. The results showed that most under- and post-graduate dissertations were interventional studies (57/3%). The rate of participation or funding from other faculties or universities was 27.3%. Moreover, 3.9% of dissertations led to material production, and 4.9% aimed at increasing public awareness of health and treatment. Evaluation of Mashhad Dentistry School theses during the last five years revealed that most theses did not lead to production; other dissertations aiming to raise public awareness failed to reach the targeted audience. This finding indicates that the ultimate goals and criteria should be revised, and involved authorities should be concerned about the social and scientific feedback of conducted research. They should attempt to overcome the associated financial and administrative barriers for conducting health-related research and promote the production, innovation, and publication of health-related studies.

Overtreatment or unnecessary treatment is one of the major reasons for inefficiency in health systems. It imposes unnecessary costs on the patients or the health systems and could result in physical and psychological harm. The present study aims at achieving a concept map of overtreatment and prioritizing its most important manifestations.Materials &

This qualitative study was conducted by interviewing 17 professors at Mashhad Dental School and running a nominal group session.

The study resulted in a list of 14 fields in which overtreatment occurs in dental practice in Iran. According to the results of the nominal group, the most important cases on the list were treatments following overdiagnosis, unnecessary restorations or crowns, and saving hopeless teeth.

Approximation to a common understanding of the overtreatment concept is needed for effective educational and policy interventions. It is suggested to distinguish between the least necessary treatments and optimum and ideal levels of treatment. Overtreatment in dentistry could be discussed in areas higher than the optimum or ideal level of treatment.

One of the diagnostic problems in endodontic treatment is internal root resorption. Internal resorption is usually asymptomatic. The success of treatment depends on early diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a reverse contrast image processing filter in detecting internal resorption of single root teeth.Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study, 45 teeth were cut with a very thin metal disk in the mesiodistal direction and two halves of the teeth were connected and preliminary images were prepared (Control group). In each tooth, a 0.5 mm deep hole was randomly prepared in one of the cervical, middle, or apical positions. Afterward, the two halves of the teeth were connected and the images were taken again. Cone-beam computed tomography images were provided in coronal, axial, and cross-sectional planes, and inverse contrast filter images were evaluated by two radiologists. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and MedCalc Statistical Software version 14. The significance level for all statistical tests was considered 0.05. According to the first observer, the sensitivity was slightly higher in the filter mode. According to the second observer, the sensitivity and specificity were higher in the case with the reverse contrast filter. The overall accuracy of the observers was higher in the reverse contrast mode than in the unfiltered mode, which was a significant difference (P<0.05). Significantly, images with reverse contrast filters had an effective performance in better detecting internal root resorption.

Denture stomatitis is a chronic infectious lesion caused by Candida albicans along with other oral microflora in patients wearing dentures. A substance with fewer side effects should be established for the treatment of this lesion since it may lead to secondary complications for the patient. The present study was conducted by selecting and dividing 31 patients with denture stomatitis into case and control groups. Propolis mouthwash and Placebo were prescribed in the case and control groups, respectively. The participants were evaluated according to the severity of the lesions based on the clinical examination which was recorded in the datasheet by the examiner on the first, fifth, and tenth days after the start of the study. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software (version 24.0) using Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher’s Exact, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Bonferroni tests. A P-value less than 0.05 is statistically significant. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age (P=0.282), gender (P=0.890), and denture stomatitis severity (P=0.203) at the beginning of the study. However, the improvement of denture stomatitis in the case group was significant compared to that of the control group after 5 days (P=0.014) and 10 days (P<0.001). The results displayed that the severity of the lesions significantly reduced in patients who received Propolis mouthwash. Consequently, Propolis simultaneously offers antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, and it relieves denture stomatitis without any side effects. Therefore, it can be recommended to physicians as a routine medication.

Various factors contribute to tooth decay. Modern dentistry suggests different ways to enhance remineralization and prevent caries progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste and mouthwash on the remineralization of primary enamel lesions and occlusion of dentinal Tubules.

A total of 45 extracted human central teeth were used in this study. Artificial decay was induced by placing samples in a demineralization solution in an incubator at 37°C for 72 h. The hardness of four samples of demineralized teeth was determined by a microhardness test. The samples were divided into three equal groups according to the table of random numbers. The samples were subjected to pH cycling for 14 days, which included 3 and 21 h of demineralization and remineralization, respectively. SEM and Vickers microhardness tests were performed and the results were compared and the degree of occlusion of dentinal tubules was reported. Then the results were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison test.

The results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference in microhardness changes between the studied groups (P=0.006). Also, in-group analysis of microhardness changes in the groups demonstrated a significant difference between these changes (P<0.0001).

According to the obtained results, using nanohydroxyapatite can considered as a therapeutic approach to repair decayed teeth and it increases dental microhardness when added to varnish.

Periodontal diseases include a series of chronic inflammatory responses of gingival tissue that are initiated by periodontal pathogenic microorganisms and cause tissue damage by stimulating the immune system. Cytokine storms are due to an acute hyperinflammatory response which is responsible for clinical disease; however, it is associated with a poor prognosis and increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL6, and anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-B in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 and compare it with patients diagnosed with periodontitis who failed to be vaccinated.

This was a case-control study. Non-probabilistic sampling method was used in this in vitro analytical laboratory study. The samples included 40 participants who were divided into two groups of 20 (vaccinated, and unvaccinated). ELISA technique was used to determine the concentration of cytokines. Statistical tests were analyzed using a repeated-measure design. Multiple comparisons were performed using SPSS software (version 16). The significance level was set at 0.05.

The results of the study indicated an increase in IL-1 and IL-6 levels in individuals who were vaccinated. We also observed a lower concentration of TGF-B cytokines in vaccinated patients with periodontitis.The present study is descriptive and without mechanical support.

The present study revealed that the level of inflammatory cytokines in vaccinated patients with periodontitis is higher than that in those who failed to be vaccinated, and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated an opposite pattern in this study.

Chronic periodontitis is caused by the interaction between plaque biofilm microorganisms and host immune cells. The serum level of some vitamins may play a role in the prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and chronic periodontitis in patients referring to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

A total of 49 individuals with healthy periodontium (control group) and 49 patients with chronic periodontitis (case group) participated in this case-control study. Blood samples were taken from the participants, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum vitamin D levels were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 software at a 0.05% confidence level.

A total of 37 (37.8%) males and 61 (62.2%) females were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels in the control and case groups were 35.61±16.12 ng/ml and 24.98±10.54 ng/ml, respectively (P˂0.001). The odds ratio of periodontitis per unit change in vitamin D level with the removal of confounders was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.97) (P˂0.001).

Serum vitamin D levels were lower in patients with chronic periodontitis than in healthy individuals. It seems that decreased serum vitamin D levels may increase the chances of developing chronic periodontitis.

Bulk-fill composites were introduced to reduce the number of clinical stages and the technique sensitivity of composite restorations. This study aimed to determine the effect of PH on the flexural strength of bulk-fill and conventional resin-based composites (RBCs). In this in vitro study, one bulk-fill RBC (Tetric N Ceram Bulk-Fill [TNCBF]) and one conventional RBC (Tetric N Ceram [TNC]) were used. Thirty-six samples were prepared and divided into six groups (n=6), according to the type of RBC and the PH of the storage solution (7, 5, and 2.5). Specimens were stored in the designated solutions for 30 days at 37°C. Their flexural strength was then measured using a universal testing machine. One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test were used to analyze data at the significance level of P<0.05. Conventional RBCs showed a significantly higher flexural strength than bulk-fill RBCs (P=0.02). On the other hand, the PH of the solution had no significant effect on the flexural strength (P=0.11). Considering the limitations of laboratory studies, it can be concluded that the PH of the solution does not affect the flexural strength of composites. Although the flexural strength of TNC is higher than that of TNCBF, both are within the clinically acceptable range.

This study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety, stress, and prevalence of sleep disorders in professors and students of Sari Dental School, Sari, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 23 university professors and 115 students of Sari Dental School. The required data were collected through questionnaires, namely the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale to check the level of participants' anxiety and stress, and the PSQI-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to check the quality of participants' sleep. The questionnaires were sent and completed via Email, WhatsApp, or Telegram. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 26 software. The prevalence of sleep disorders in professors and students of Sari Dental School during the COVID-19 pandemic was 56.5% and 62.6%, respectively. Anxiety and stress levels of 17 (73.9%) professors and 109 (94.8%) students of Sari Dental School were mild during the COVID-19; however, it was at moderate and severe levels only in 6 (26.1%) professors and 6 (5.2%) students. Stress and anxiety of university professors and students demonstrated a significant relationship with their gender (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the total score of anxiety and stress of professors and students was at a low level. Sleep disorders of professors and students were at an inappropriate and poor level, and if a sleep disorder existed, it was not serious. The components of mental quality of sleep and the component of psychological symptoms in professors and students did not have an ideal level.

In modern dentistry, reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth with severely damaged crown structure has always been challenging. The use of post and cores are means to restore teeth after endodontic treatment, and its long-term success has been accepted as the treatment of choice for reconstructing highly damaged teeth. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth that have been restored with Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) and Non-Precious Gold Color Alloy (NPG) post and core. Twenty maxillary central teeth were collected, and root canal treatments were performed with the same conditions and equipment for each tooth. Then each tooth was mounted in clear acrylic blocks. After post-space preparation, posts and cores were fabricated using the direct method, then the samples were randomly divided into two groups of 10 samples. (Group One: Ni-Cr posts and cores and Group Two: NPG posts and cores). After preparing the posts and root canal for the post cementation, the Ni-Cr and NPG posts were cemented, and the samples were placed in the simulated condition to the oral environment. Then, a universal testing machine was used to measure the fracture resistance of the restored teeth with static pressure of 0.5 mm/min. T-test analyses and SPSS software was used to compare the mean resistance. Fracture resistance in the Ni-Cr post with an average of 233.8±67.19 was higher than that of the NPG post with an average of 223.0±85.65. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.757). In both groups, most fractures were irreversible, and there was no difference between the two groups in terms of failure type (P=0.871). The fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with NPG cast post was not different from that of the endodontically treated teeth with Ni-Cr cast post.

One of the most common odontogenic cysts is odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which originates from the cell rests of the dental lamina. The peak incidence of this cyst is in the second and third decades of life. It tends to occur more in males and is often seen in the mandible, especially the posterior area. One of the important features of this lesion is its high expansion without clinical swelling. In cases where the lesion is small, it is usually asymptomatic; however, in larger cases, it may be accompanied by pain, swelling, or drainage.

A 42-year-old woman referred with a complaint of mandibular swelling. The patient described pain in some cases with low to moderate intensity without any specific pattern. An external oral examination showed face asymmetry with right mandibular swelling in the chin area. Intraoral examination revealed buccal expansion in the right mandible from dental mesial 32 to 46 mesial. All teeth involved in the lesion (32-46) responded positively to the cold test and pulp electrical test. In panoramic radiography, a unilocular radiolucent lesion with well-demarcated and corticated borders was observed in the mandible anterior from 32 to 46 mesial, and in the cone beam computed tomography radiographic view, the perforation of the buccal and lingual cortex was observed. The patient underwent incisional biopsy and marsupialization, and the sample was referred to the pathologist for histopathological examination. In the microscopic examination, histopathological characteristics of OKC were observed.

Although the usual feature of OKC is a lesion without bone swelling, according to this case report, in the differential diagnosis of this lesion, lesions with expansion and perforation of the cortex should also be considered.