نشریه ارزش آفرینی در مدیریت کسب و کار
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1401)

AbstractThe purpose of the present research was to analyze the impact of social responsibility on consumer's repurchase intention with regard to the mediating role of brand personality and reputation. The statistical population of the research is made up of Digikala online store customers. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 384 people and the samples were selected by available sampling method. The questionnaires of social responsibility (Salamon Olajide, 2004), intention to repurchase (Ko et al., 2009), personality (Brandaker, 1997), and reputation (Brandback et al., 2010) were used to collect data, and their validity was confirmed by academic experts and their reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. The structural equation technique was applied to analyze the data, and the Lisrel statistical software and also the statistical software Spss were used. The findings of the research showed that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand reputation, brand personality and customers' repurchase intention. Brand reputation has a positive and significant effect on customers' intention to repurchase. Brand personality has a positive and significant effect on customers' repurchase intention. The results of the research showed that brand personality and personality played a mediating role in the effect of social responsibility on the repurchase intention of Digikala online store customers.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe dramatic increase in competition in the field of business has led to the growing importance of establishing, maintaining and expanding relationships with customers. On the other hand, the widespread use of information technology in businesses has created new ways and methods for communication with customers (Phan & Vogel, 2003; cited by Ghaffari et al, 2019). Considering that the business world is moving from traditional to digital, online communities are also growing every day (Husain et al, 2020), and the buying and selling of products and services has moved from offline to online. For this reason, the buying behavior and communication behavior of customers have also been affected by social networks (Veza & Hernuning, 2020). Corporate social responsibility is a move beyond the minimum legal requirements that are accepted voluntarily, because economic institutions consider it among their long-term interests (Aguinis et al, 2020). In this way, the internal function of social responsibility can lead to the improvement of the company's position and ultimately increase efficiency and profitability and finally their long-term survival (Sanchez et al, 2010; quoted by Garusi et al, 2020). Among the issues raised in the field of brand reputation is the issue of corporate social responsibility. Many researchers have tried to establish a relationship between corporate reputation and social responsibility (Esmaeil Por et al, 2014). According to researchers, the reputation of a company derived from its ethical activities can be considered as a part of the special value of that company's brand (Rust et al, 2021).In this research, an attempt is made to answer the question: whether social responsibility has a significant effect on consumers' repurchase intention, considering the mediating role of personality and reputation of the Digikala online store brand?Theoretical frameworkTarabashkina et al. (2020) investigated the question of whether corporate social responsibility improves the responsible and active personality dimensions of brands. The results of the research showed that brands with a strong active or responsible personality, experienced brand erosion after being exposed to less CSR message or lack of improvement when aligning CSR message with responsible and proactive behavior.In a research, Asgari & Baghestani (2020) analyzed the mediating role of brand equity in the effect of social responsibility on customers' behavioral tendencies. The results of the research showed that the special value of the brand has a mediating role in the effect of the social responsibility of the financial and credit institution on the behavioral tendencies of customers.MethodologyThe current research is practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research is made up of Digikala online store customers, 378 of whom were selected as the sample size of the research using Cochran's formula and available sampling method. In order to collect data, valid questionnaires of social responsibility by Salamon Olajide (2004), repurchase intention by Ko et al. (2009), brand personality by Aker (1997), and brand reputation by Bek et al. (2010) were used.Discussion and ResultsIn order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then Lisrel software was used to test the hypotheses or conceptual model of the research; and the results showed that the power of social responsibility on brand reputation was calculated equal to (0.78), which indicates a favorable effect. The t-statistic of the test was also obtained (8.76), which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96); and shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, it can be said that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the brand reputation of Digikala online store. The influence of brand reputation on repurchase intention has been calculated to be equal to (0.67), which indicates a favorable effect. The t statistic of the test was also obtained (7.65), which was greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96), and it shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, it can be said that brand reputation has a positive and meaningful effect on the intention to repurchase Digikala online store. The strength of the impact of social responsibility on brand personality has been calculated to be equal to (0.74), which indicates a favorable effect. The t-statistic of the test was also found to be (8.72), which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96) and shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, it can be said that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the brand personality of Digikala online store. The influence of brand personality on customers' repurchase intention has been calculated as equal to (0.63), which indicates a favorable effect. The t-statistic of the test was also obtained (7.61), which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96) and shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, it can be said that the brand personality has a positive and significant effect on the repurchase intention of Digikala online store customers. The strength of the effect of social responsibility on customers' repurchase intention has been calculated equal to (0.45), which indicates a favorable effect. The t-statistic of the test was also obtained (5.43), which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96), and shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, it can be said that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the repurchase intention of Digikala online store customers. In order to investigate the mediating effect of brand reputation in the discussed hypothesis, the direct effect of two constructs should be examined with the indirect effect in the case of mediating variables being involved, so that if the effect increases, the mediating effect can be considered acceptable. In the current hypothesis, the direct effect is equal to (0.45). The indirect effect in the presence of the mediating variable of brand reputation is 0.522, which due to the fact that the effect of the direct path is less than the indirect paths, so the presence of the mediating variable of brand reputation increases the effect; and the mediating role in the present hypothesis is confirmed. In order to investigate the mediating effect of brand personality in the discussed hypothesis, the direct effect of two constructs should be examined with the indirect effect in the case of mediating variables being involved, so that if the effect increases, the mediating effect can be considered acceptable. In the current hypothesis, the direct effect is equal to (0.45). The indirect effect in the presence of the mediating variable of brand personality is 0.466, which due to the fact that the effect of the direct path is less than the indirect paths, so the presence of the mediating variable of brand personality increases the effect; and the mediating role in the present hypothesis is confirmed.ConclusionThe present research was conducted with the aim of the effect of social responsibility on consumer's repurchase intention with regard to the mediating role of personality and brand reputation (case study: Digikala online store). The test results are in line with the following research (Nazari, 2018; Garanti et al, 2019; Asgari & Baghestani, 2020; Matzelr et al, 2016; Esmaeil Por et al, 2014; Tarabashkina et al, 2020). Social responsibility is known as one of the most important elements of the existential philosophy of organizations, in such a way that putting importance for organizations to comply with it in the framework of social identity theory not only leads to the possibility of organizational commitment, but also maintains the satisfaction of stakeholders outside the organization to legitimize it. Paying attention to the fact that the services provided by the Digikala store have a reputation and the store's customer relationship management systems work very intelligently will make the Digikala store engraved in the minds of customers as a good store. The successful functioning of the Digikala store in providing distinctive services and products is effective in encouraging customers to use the Digikala store. On the other hand, the credibility of the infrastructure for providing services and products of Digikala store from a technical point of view, as well as providing valuable products to customers, leads to customer loyalty and the establishment of a good bilateral relationship. According to the present research, it is suggested that the management of the Digikala online store should pay more attention to their customers and keep in touch with them after the sale, and try to retain and motivate them by maximizing the expected benefit of the customer and creating strong relationships. The services and products provided in the Digikala online store have a high social aspect.

AbstractThe present study analyzes the relationship between the role of perceived value and brand identity in improving customers' attitudinal loyalty. The results were obtained by examining the opinions of customers of Tejarat and Melli Banks in Mazandaran province. The research method is descriptive which was implemented by survey method. The sample size of the research was 384 people, which was obtained based on Cochran's formula according to an unknown statistical population. A non-probability sampling method was available. Data analysis was performed based on Q et al.'s (2009) perceived value questionnaires, Mael and Ashforth's (1992) brand identity, and Jacoby and Chestnut's (1978) brand loyalty questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaires was examined and verified based on the content validity using the opinions of experts, the validity based on the views of a number of the statistical community, and the structure using the factor analysis method. The reliability of questionnaires was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method; 0.77, for perceived value, 0.82 for brand identity, and 0.84 for attitudinal loyalty, respectively. Data analysis was carried out in two levels, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including modeling of structural equations by Lisrel statistical software. The results showed that brand identity and perceived value are related to attitudinal loyalty with impact coefficients of 0.84 and 0.79, respectively. Brand identity has a relationship with perceived value with an impact factor of 0.86. Finally, it can be said that brand identity has relationships directly and indirectly with customers' attitudinal loyalty, in other words, perceived value in the relationship between brand identity and customers' attitudinal loyalty has played a mediating role.Extended AbstractIntroductionToday, maintaining and strengthening customer loyalty in line with a company's products or services has generally become the main and central point of marketing activities; if the brand's characteristics are known and defined correctly, they can lead to customer loyalty. Rapid changes in today's world have made organizations face various challenges, but there are successful organizations that take advantage of the opportunities created with the help of management tools and new technologies. E-commerce environment is one of these tools. Brand identity expresses the ideal characteristics that the brand intends to offer to customers. In other words, brand identity is what the brand promises and offers to the market (Essamri et al. 2019). The main essence of the brand is what is supposed to be depicted in the future and imprinted in the mind of the customer. A neat appearance and whatever comes to the eye is the expression of a brand's identity. Perceived value is obtained by comparing the cost of the product or service that customers pay for a brand with the benefit they get from it. In fact, when a customer buys a product or service, he wants to receive more value than its costs. Perceived value is the customers' evaluation of the value that is created for them by the supplier according to the balance between all the benefits and related costs in a specific consumption situation (Kim et al, 2019). According to the above material, the researcher is trying to answer the question: does brand identity have a significant effect on attitudinal loyalty with emphasis on the mediating role of the perceived value of customers of commercial and national banks in Mazandaran province?Theoretical frameworkGostin & Batz (2000) define value as the emotional bond created between a customer and a producer after the customer consumes the goods or services produced by that supplier (Hosseini & Ali, 2022).A brand, in order to be strong and remain strong, has the duty to be loyal to its identity. Brand image is unstable and transient. Most of its dependence is on the appearance of the brand name, not its essence (the concept of identity, the main/central core). Brand name represents a competition which should make the communicational approach determiners move from surface to depth, and examine the brand name basically.Customer loyalty to the organization is a category that is affected by many and diverse factors and conditions inside and outside the organization; the degree of this effect varies from one organization to another according to the type of organization. Accurately knowing these factors and determining the effectiveness of each of them is very important in helping managers to make the right decision (Shiri et al, 2017).Lumi et al, (2022), conducted a research entitled "The effect of brand image and customer perceived value on customer loyalty". The statistical population includes all the customers who use the sports brand Nike in Spain, 318 people were selected as a statistical sample through available sampling method. The research method was a survey, carried out applicably. The results showed that the image and perceived value of the customers have a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction and ultimately on the attitudinal loyalty of the customers, in whom the repurchase intention increases.Ezati & Mazhari (2021) in a research, investigated the effect of brand equity, brand identity and loyalty on the repurchase intention of the sports shoes industry in Tehran University physical education students. This research was applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlative in terms of data collection. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires, whose formal and content validity was approved by 10 sports management experts. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that brand equity, brand identity and brand loyalty have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention.MethodologyThe current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive in terms of correlational data analysis. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the customers of the Tejarat and Melli banks of Mazandaran province. 384 people were selected as a statistical sample through available sampling method. To collect data, standard questionnaires of perceived value (Kuo et al, 2009) in 3 items, brand identity (Ashforth & Mael, 1989) in 4 items, and customer loyalty (Jacoby & Chestnut, 1978) in 3 items were used.Discussion and ResultsIn order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then, Lisrel software was used to test the hypotheses or the conceptual model of the research, and the results related to the first hypothesis showed that the power of the bank's brand identity on the perceived value of customers was calculated as equal to (0.68), which shows that the correlation is favorable. The significance statistic of the test was also obtained (7.66), which is more than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96) and shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, it can be said that the brand identity of the bank has a positive and significant effect on the perceived value of customers. The results related to the second hypothesis showed that the strength of the effect of customers' perceived value on their attitudinal loyalty was calculated as (0.76), which shows that the correlation is favorable. The significance statistic of the test was also obtained (8.74), which is more than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96), and it shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, it can be said that the perceived value of customers has a positive and significant effect on their attitudinal loyalty. The results related to the third hypothesis showed that the power of bank brand identity on customers' attitudinal loyalty was calculated equal to (0.43), which shows that the correlation is favorable. The significance statistic of the test was also obtained (5.41), which is more than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. (1.96) and shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, it can be said that the brand identity of the bank has a positive and significant effect on the attitudinal loyalty of customers. The fourth hypothesis analyzes the mediating role of perceived value in the influence of bank brand identity on customers' attitudinal loyalty. The results showed that the direct influence of bank brand identity on attitudinal loyalty was calculated as equal to (0.43), which shows that the correlation is favorable. The power of indirect effect of bank brand identity on attitudinal loyalty considering the mediating role of perceived value is equal to (0.51). Considering that the power of the indirect path is greater than the direct path, therefore, the presence of the perceived value variable increases the power of the impact and the mediating role of this variable is confirmed.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of the role of perceived value and brand identity in improving the attitudinal loyalty of customers. These results are consistent and supported with the research findings of Loureiro&etal (2019) and Fernandez & Lewis (2019) and Lumi et al (2022) and Ezati & mazhari (2021) Zarepour Nasirabadi et al, (2019); In line with this, it can be said that the formation of brand identity in the minds of customers will create value in customers and increase relative satisfaction among them. Furthermore, the attitude of the bank staff along with the service provision to the customers to introduce services can play a fundamental role (Buil&etal, 2016). The customer's perceived value is the customer's understanding of the bank's value, if this value is shown to him, it will make him satisfied with the bank's products (Chen & Lin, 2019).It is suggested that the managers of Tejarat and Melli banks emphasize more on the intangible aspects of using services (emotional aspect of customers) in the advertising department; Advertisements that can convey the aspects of relaxation, pleasure and convenience in using the services provided by the bank to the society and try to create a positive attitude in the customers to buy.

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to provide a suitable model for the psychological resilience of employees of stock exchange brokerages in Tehran. The current research is applicable in terms of its purpose, and a cross-sectional survey in terms of the research implementation method, and is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The research community is all the employees of Refah Bank, Mellat Bank, San'at-o-Ma'dan Bank, Kar-Afarin Bank, Melli Bank and Aagah Brokerage in Tehran. 209 people were selected according to Cochran's formula as a quantitative sample. The sampling method in this research is stratified. The collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze data; and AMOS software was used to design the final research model. The findings of the research showed that in order to confirm the final research model, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. According to the obtained results, the factor load of all three components "applying individual's creativity and innovation in the work environment", "cognitive tendencies of the individual's socialization in the work environment" and "creating the capacity for greater resilience" were higher than the recommended values, and the model fit indices show acceptable values.Extended AbstractOne of the factors influencing people's mental health is their job. Regardless of providing financial resources and satisfying some basic human needs such as a sense of self-worth, employment can be a source of psychological stress and affect the mental and physical health of employees. The World Health Organization defines mental health as: balanced and harmonious communication with others, changing and modifying the personal and social environment, and resolving conflicts and personal desires in a reasonable and appropriate manner. Job security within the organization means that the organization is dependent on the work commitment, work system, quality work and courage and expertise of the employees, not that the people and employees of the organization are dependent on the organization through official employment. This issue will lead to improving the level of resilience of employees and make their career path smoother and they will experiment better experiences than in the past (Mughli & Vajdani, 2019).
Stock brokerages in the financial markets, due to the wide and daily changes in the tools of exchange and transactions, as well as the large volume of financial circulation in this part of the economy, have the capacity to create many potential crises and impulses. Today, many financial crises have occurred in the world, which often originate from the nature of markets (Felipe & Estrada, 2020). Financial markets undergo significant changes and fluctuations due to changes in other markets and investors' decisions. There are a set of factors called behavioral factors that influence the decisions of investors and affect the stock exchange as the main pillars of the capital market in the country (Ahmadi, 2016).
Therefore, the researcher is trying to reach the goal of presenting the model having an effect on the psychological resilience of employees of stock brokerages in Tehran.
Theoretical framework
Holling was the first to define resilience in ecology: he defined resilience as the ability of systems to absorb changes and withstand them (Holling, 1973). Resilience is also defined as "the ability of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so that the system still maintains its same function, structure, characteristics, and feedback (Ghiathund & Abdul Shah, 2015).
In the current situation where the country is facing many sanctions and pressures, Iran's capital market can also prevent the turbulence of parallel markets such as currency and gold by attracting stray liquidity that has led to economic growth. For this reason, the discussion of the resilience of employees of stock exchange brokerages has become very important in the current situation (Hassanzadeh et al, 2020).
Soltani (2022) investigated the role of psychological empowerment on job resilience and job satisfaction of employees of knowledge-based companies. The research results indicate that psychological empowerment has a direct relationship with job resilience and job satisfaction of employees of knowledge-based companies.
Maleki Tabas et al, (2022) investigated the effects of the components of spiritual intelligence on the psychological well-being of students with the mediating role of psychological resilience. The results of the research indicated a positive and significant effect of spiritual intelligence on resilience and psychological well-being, and a positive and significant effect of resilience on psychological well-being. Finally, the effect of spiritual intelligence on psychological well-being was obtained with the mediating role of resilience equal to 0.63, which shows the positive effect.
This research is applicable in terms of its purpose, and a cross-sectional survey in terms of the research implementation method, and the sample selection is purposeful. The statistical population of this research is all the employees of the brokerages (Refah Bank, 81 people; Mellat Bank, 46 people; San'at-o-Ma'dan Bank, 120 people; Kar Afarin Bank, 44 people; Melli Bank, 80 people; and Aagah Brokerage, 90 people), which is a total of 461 employees. These agencies are located in Tehran. According to these agencies and according to Cochran's formula, 209 people were selected as samples. The sampling method in this research is stratified. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data related to the variable.
Discussion and  In order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then, amos software was used to test the hypotheses or the conceptual model of the research, and the results showed that the chi-square value equal to 13.29 was obtained in the investigated factor model, which is significant at the 99% confidence level. This value shows the low fit of the model. The fitted chi-square value, which is calculated by dividing the chi-square by the degree of freedom, is equal to 3, which is within the recommended range. The RMSEA value equal to 0.098 was obtained, which is within the recommended range and shows the high fit of the model with the collected data. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) is equal to 0.94, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) is equal to 0.93, and the Normalized Fit Index (NFI) is equal to 0.92; Therefore, the fit indices of the model also show favorable values. According to these cases, it can be said that the desired model has good explanatory power. Also, in the investigated factor model, the chi-square value is equal to 1116.24, which is significant at the 99% confidence level. This value shows the low fit of the model. The fitted chi-square value, which is calculated by dividing the chi-square by the degree of freedom, is equal to 3, which is within the recommended range. The RMSEA value equal to 0.098 was obtained, which is within the recommended range and shows the high fit of the model with the collected data. The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) is equal to 0.92, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) is equal to 0.91, and the Normalized Fit Index (NFI) is equal to 0.90; Therefore, the fit indices of the model also show favorable values. According to these cases, it can be said that the desired model has good explanatory power.
The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model for the psychological resilience of employees of stock exchange brokerages in Tehran. This finding is in line with the findings of researchers such as Frotan et al, (2018), Afshar et al, (2016), Tracey (2015) and Annarelli & Nonino (2015), Ebrahimi et al, (2017), and (Chit Karan, 2016). Management has a very important role among internal organizational factors, therefore, the current research points out the requirement to pay more attention to improving the level of managerial knowledge and learning new management methods. Demer et al, (2011) have emphasized the role of knowledge-based, entrepreneurial and innovative forces and as a factor influencing resilience. Therefore, the results of the current research, in line with this finding, emphasize the empowerment of employees for personal development and social skills. In this regard, it can be said that resilience is not a characteristic or trait that some people have and others don't have; to be more precise, resilience is a problem that can be taught and people can be empowered with appropriate training. According to the present research, it is suggested that agencies have the necessary provision for the access of specialists from other departments in case of issues that people are not able to solve and deal with. As mentioned, support resources are one of the important components of resilience. Therefore, resilient people ask for help from these sources whenever the need arises. Based on this, it is suggested that agencies provide these resources including (and not limited to) psychologists and expert consultants, to employees.

AbstractDue to the intense global competition and the negative impact of disturbances on the financial, operational and market performance of industries, attention has been paid to issues such as strategic management of the supply chain and its resilience; and the oil industry, with its complex structure and processes, has an impact on the global and regional economy is not an exception. The aim of the current research, by using the structural equation modeling method, is to investigate the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and direction of the chain by analyzing the mediating role of resilience (agility and strength components) in Iran's marine engineering and construction company active in the offshore sector. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company, which was determined by the Klein method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was determined to be 270; and by the purposeful sampling method, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry with work experience more than for five years were elected. Survey data after collection were analyzed using SMART-PLS software. The results showed: 1- strategic supply chain management has a significant direct effect on the direction of the supply chain, 2- strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on the direction of the supply chain (through the agility and strength of the chain), 3- Strategic supply chain management does not have a significant direct effect on supply chain performance, 4- Strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on supply chain performance (through agility and chain strength), 5- Chain agility plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and direction of the chain. 6- The strength of the chain has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and orientation of the chain.Extended AbstractIntroductionSupply chain management is related to the organization of materials and information throughout the organization, using facilities, i.e. vendors, product manufacturing, and distribution channels (Bokrantz & Dul, 2022). This importance is actually considered as the backbone for creating foundations and infrastructures in societies and businesses. Nowadays, in the field of business, the conditions are constantly changing and governed by uncertainty, and the consequences can be different at the level of impact, frequency and their origin (internal or external) (Heckmann et al., 2015), so organizations focus their efforts on supply chain management. Foster & Gardner (2022) define a supply chain as "a set of functional activities (transportation, inventory control, etc.) that are repeated many times along the flow channel by which raw materials are transformed into finished products and value." and reach the consumer."Today, one of the most important issues in the supply chain is resilience. In a research, Rehman et al, (2021) stated that having a safety valve such as resilience helps companies to reduce the risk of instability and improve the sustainability of the supply chain. Supply chain resilience has been widely discussed in the literature, and its effects have been studied on the smooth functioning of global supply chain management networks. However, several events such as terrorist, political and economic crises have threatened the supply chain of organizations all over the world, and today under the protection of the supply chain, the resilience of the supply chain is an evolving issue (Hohenstein et al., 2015).Therefore, the current research aims to answer the question that in the offshore sector of the oil industry and in the engineering and construction company of marine facilities in Iran, what is the effect of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediator role of resilience? Theoretical frameworkThe supply chain has been growing over time, so it is not surprising that the supply chain is always damaged from incidents and tensions such as unfavorable climatic conditions and transportation obstacles, machine breakdowns, etc., which threaten to destabilize the performance and endanger the operation and its efficiency. Unforeseen events increase with more dispersion of the chain, and risks such as strikes, global terrorism, war, natural disasters, epidemics, and non-acceptance by suppliers are among the things that can change the direction of the supply chain or cause a decrease in performance (Urrutia, 2018).The development of resilience in the supply chain is considered as an effort in facing unexpected and uncertain developments (Aven, 2016). Some researchers consider the two factors of agility and strength as the main indicators of supply chain resilience (Alshahrani and Salam, 2022; Kazancoglu et al., 2022; Khan et al., 2022). Hohenstein et al, (2015) state that supply chains may be disrupted at some stages of their maturity, however, there should be a system to quickly extricate from disruptions without absorbing any side effects, which depends on the agility of the supply chain.Khan et al, (2022) conducted research in the oil industry and quantified the mediating effect of flexibility in the supply chain. The results showed that the flexibility of the supply chain plays a positive mediating role between the capabilities of the supply chain and the performance of the supply chain. The results also showed that robust supply chains have a more positive effect on performance compared to agile supply chains.Juan & Hung (2022) investigated the relationships between the five components of resilient supply chain (SCRES), including emergence, speed, flexibility, robustness, and cooperation; and their effects on supply chain performance under disruption (SCPUD) with a structural equation modeling approach. The results showed: 1- The cooperation component is an external driver of the resilient supply chain and has a direct impact on the emergence, speed, flexibility and strength of the disrupted supply chain. 2- The flexibility of the supply chain is the only component of the agility of the supply chain that directly affects Supply chain performance under disruption. 3- Supply chain flexibility is the only component of supply chain agility that has an indirect effect on supply chain performance under disruption. 4- The speed component has a direct effect and the emergence component has an indirect effect on supply chain flexibility. 5- The emergence component is one of the important elements of agility that has a positive effect on the speed and strength of the supply chain.MethodologyThe current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and research method. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company (N=1000), which was determined by Klein's method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was 270, and, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry were selected with more than 5 years of work experience by the purposeful sampling method. Khan et al (2022) questionnaire was used to collect data related to research variables.Discussion and Results In order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then PLS software was used to test the hypotheses or the conceptual model of the research, and the results showed that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on both factors of resilience, i.e. agility and strength of the supply chain. The results of the current research also showed that the strategic management of the supply chain does not have a significant effect directly on the performance of the supply chain, but with the mediation of the agility of the chain, this effect becomes significant. In the results of the current research, it was also determined that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the supply chain both directly and indirectly through the mediation of chain strength. In the present research, results were also obtained showing that the strategic management of the supply chain directly and indirectly (with the mediation of agility and strength) has a positive and significant effect on the orientation of the supply chain.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediating role of resilience (the study of the offshore sector of the oil industry). This finding is in line with researchers such as Um (2017) and El Baz& Ruel (2021) and Shamout (2019) and Tarafdar & Qrunfleh (2017) and Florescu et al, (2019) and Dhaigude & Kapoor (2017); The research of (Um, 2017) resulted that increasing the variety of products has a positive effect on the resilience and agility of the supply chain, which improves the performance of the supply chain. He stated that in order to reduce the cost of increasing product variety, it is possible to increase the agility of the supply chain and ultimately improve the performance of the supply chain by diversifying activities in the strategic management department. The results of his research on 363 British and South Korean manufacturing companies showed that the diversity of activities in the strategic management of the supply chain makes the chain more resilient and increases its performance.According to the research results, it is suggested that in order to respond quickly to the needs of customers, more work should be done on the agility of the supply chain of this industry to be responsive in the tough conditions of the supply chain market. To increase performance, the role of agility in the supply chain of this industry should be emphasized more and always considered as an intermediate factor.

AbstractThe aim of the current research was to investigate the impact of green transformational leadership on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness in small and medium businesses of Sirjan Special Economic Zone. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and correlative in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research consists of all employees in small and medium businesses of Sirjan Special Economic Zone, whose number has reached 721 people in 2022. Out of this number, 251 people were randomly selected. Statistics of all its members have been selected as a sample and studied in the form of a census. Four standard questionnaires: green transformational leadership of Chen and Chang (2013), environmental performance questionnaire of Melnik et al. (2003) and Daly et al. (2007), green human resource management questionair of Renwick et al. (2013), and environmental awareness of Han and Yoon (2015) was used to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaires was evaluated based on the opinion of experts, and its construct validity was evaluated by the method of confirmatory factor analysis. Their reliability was confirmed by calculating composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method with PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that, in general, green transformational leadership has a significant effect on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness.ExtendedIntroductionStudies show that companies' increasing use of environmental management systems, such as obtaining ISO 14001 certification, prevents pollution, minimizes waste, and emits less greenhouse gases, which in turn can be effective in increasing the performance of companies. Scholars have argued that green HR practices are critical to implementing environmental management systems (Jabbour, 2016) and that human aspects are essential to adopting environmental practices (Sarkis, Gonzalez-Torre & Gravis, Sarkis & Zhou, 2013). Based on this, the integration of human resources with environmental management measures is considered important. For example, researchers such as Jabbour & Jabbour (2016) argued that all stages of environmental management systems need to support human resource management methods. In this study, the green transformational leadership factor has been considered as the determining factors in the adoption and approval of green human resources management and environmental performance. As Singh et al. (2020) argue that leadership that emphasizes understanding, predicting and controlling personal and interpersonal dynamics affective on employees to achieve common goals can be the best predictor for strengthening green innovation and green performance in small and medium-sized companies. Environmental orientation shows the level of employees' commitment in protecting the environment, which is suggested as the second determining factor of green human resource management (Singh et. al., 2020).Previous studies indicate that employees have a significant impact on environmental performance at the performance level and organizational levels. But the main role of the leader is very important because he has a lot of freedom to influence the environmental performance of the company. Environmental management systems in the organization depend on the development and sustainability of their internal competencies and capabilities (Biscotti et al., 2018; Yin & Chimidler 2009) and in that SME due to the lack of capabilities and motivation of employees along with the organizational capabilities necessary to solve the complex challenges of environmental sustainability are known as the biggest main factor. We imagine that leadership and HRM (Leroy et al., 2018) are involved in the development of the company's internal competencies and capabilities, which are necessary from different perspectives for managing people in SMEs (Leroy et al. , 2018).Environmental awareness is a multidimensional concept and is effective on people's information, knowledge, attitudes, tendencies, behaviors, intentions, attempts and actions. This awareness is connected to the psychological factors and impacts the people's tendency towards doing the activities, creation of environmental attitudes and behaviors (Zhang et al. 2014). According to the definition, green transformational leadership, unlike general transformational leadership, focuses on one goal, which is the environment. Based on available literature, green transformational leadership was first proposed by Robertson and Barling in 2013. They defined green transformational leadership as the emergence of a style of transformational leadership in which the content of leadership behaviors is focused on encouraging pro-environmental initiatives (Robertson & Barling, 2013). One of the categories that appears to be able to facilitate the effect of green transformational leadership on the green behaviors of employees is the attitude of employees. Attitude has been defined as the emotional tendency of a person when he evaluates something positively or negatively. According to this definition and the effect that the attitude of human resources can have on their behavior, in this regard, any research was not conducted in Iran. Also very little research has been done in this field abroad. Based on this, the main question of the current research is whether green transformational leadership has an effect on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness in small and medium businesses of Sirjan Special Economic Zone.Theoretical frameworkGreen transformational leadershipTransformational leadership improves the performance of companies, but what mediates between these two structures has not been resolved and has been the focus of researchers (Para gonzales et al., 2018). The relationship between transformational leadership and firm performance becomes especially important when firms need to be innovative in their processes and products to gain competitive advantage and superior firm performance (e.g., Della Proveta & et al., 2018). In this study, we define green transformational leadership as a leadership behavior in which the main goal of leadership is a clear vision, inspiration, motivation for employees and also supporting their development needs in order to achieve the organization's environmental goals. (Mittal & Darar, 2016; Chen & Chang, 2013).environmental functionToday, the issue of protecting the environment and preventing its destruction has been raised as one of the most important challenges facing the world community, and for this reason, numerous meetings and conferences have been held in the past years, and also many regional and international conventions have been concluded to prevent environmental destruction at the world level, and the Islamic Republic of Iran has signed many of them and has committed to act in line with the goals contained in these conventions. Following these developments, several environmental indicators have been proposed by the United Nations and universities to monitor environmental destruction processes (Jafari & Ahmadpour, 2016).Green human resource managementThe word green has its roots in ecological marketing (Vazifehdoust et al, 2013). In the field of green management topics, human resource management measures have been created under the title of green human resource management. Some researchers associate human resource management with environmental management and call it green human resource management or environmental human resource management (Rinwick & et al., 2013). Researchers have developed specific methods to implement resource management practices. The human resource management system has progressed from the old way of working such as the low level of employee involvement to more collaborative and supportive processes in which employees have opportunities to improve their skills, knowledge, and attitudes (Singh et al., 2019).Environmental awarenessIn this century, human environmental behavior has been the focus of scientists as one of the most important factors affecting the environment. While these behaviors are effective on environmental issues and threats, they are also affected by several factors. Environmental awareness from the point of view of Kaiser (1999) is the amount of information a person has about environmental issues and the effective factors in its expansion and knowledge of how to behave in order to improve these problems. In other words, environmental knowledge or awareness refers to people's practical information about the environment, the ecology of the planet, and the impact of human actions on the environment. Expanding knowledge and awareness of environmental issues is one of the best ways to overcome environmental challenges and achieve sustainable environmental development (Azadkhani et al., 2018).MethodologyThis research is descriptive-correlative in terms of its nature and method, and applied in terms of its purpose. Data collection tools; four standard questionnaires; green transformational leadership of Chen & Chang (2013) with 6 questionnaire scales, environmental performance questionnaire of Melnik et al. (2003) and Daly et al. (2007) with 5 questionnaire scales, green human resource management questionair of Renwick et al. (2013) with 13 items, and environmental awareness (4 questions) of Han & Yoon questionnaire (2015). The statistical population of this research includes all the employees in small and large companies of Sirjan Special Economic Zone, whose number is 721 in 2022, out of which 251 people were randomly selected.Discussion and ResultsThe coefficient of the variable path of green transformational leadership and environmental performance in small and medium companies is 0.921, and the t-statistic is 29.064. The coefficient of the variable path of green transformational leadership and green human resource management in small and medium-sized companies is 0.861 and the t-statistic is 27.671. The variable path coefficient of green transformational leadership and environmental awareness in small and medium-sized companies is 0.782 and the t-statistic is 20.788. The variable path coefficient of green human resource management and environmental performance in small and medium-sized companies is 0.551 and the t-statistic is 8.421. The variable path coefficient of environmental awareness and environmental performance in small and medium-sized companies is 0.470 and the t-value is 7.577. Therefore, green transformational leadership has a significant impact on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness in small and medium-sized companies.ConclusionThe aim of this research is to investigate the effect of green transformational leadership on green environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness in small and medium businesses of Sirjan Special Economic Zone. The results showed that green transformational leadership has a significant impact on green environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management and environmental awareness. That is, by improving green transformational leadership; green human resource management and environmental awareness will be improved, and so will be  the environmental performance as a result. The research results of Darvishmotevali&Altinay (2022) and Singh et al, (2020) are in line with this research and confirm the results of it. There is a significant impact of green transformational leadership on green environmental performance. Our findings show that green transformational leadership plays an important role for the company's environmental performance. Green transformational leadership stimulates a higher level of motivation, trust, cohesion, commitment and performance. Green transformational leadership has a significant impact on green human resource management. Leadership plays an important role in releasing human potential, but from different perspectives. Previous studies have shown different results about whether the leadership in the organization plays a leading role (Singh et al, 2020) in the relationship of the result of green human resource management. Studies have shown that the dimension of transformational leadership significantly affects the management of human resource performance and employees' efficiency (Jia et al, 2020).Green transformational leadership has a significant impact on green environmental awareness. The company's transformational leadership makes employees with green ability and motivation feel comfortable through a supportive environment, and have the opportunity to realize their green potential to help the company create green innovation in use their processes and products to remain relevant and competitive in the markets (Darvishmotevali & Altinay, 2022)There is a significant effect of green human resource management on environmental performance. Also, if the organization has the ability to implement green human resource management policies in the organization and we witness the transfer of cleanliness and health from the organization to the environment, individual and other organizations; this will make the performance improve the environment. The results of the research (Singh et al, 2020) are in line with this research and confirm the result of it. There is a significant impact of green environmental awareness on environmental performance. That is, if the organization is aware of the environment in order to reduce the adverse environmental effects, it will lead to the improvement of the environmental performance. The results of the research (Darvishmotevali&Altinay 2022) are in line with this research and confirm the result of it. If the organization can take environmentally friendly actions, such as: carrying out strategies for awareness of green practices to promote and pursue sustainable business activities that help organizations in the field of creating an environmentally friendly environment; as a result, the company's environmental performance improves.

AbstractIn today's global competition, choosing suppliers, increasing relationships with suppliers, and developing collaborative and sustainable relationships with them to reduce costs and increase flexibility against market changes is necessary and difficult. The present study aims to design a model for ranking suppliers and allocating the optimal number of purchases of sugar beet from the suppliers. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists in the field of supplier selection at Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company whose number is about 10 people based on proficiency, authority, and skills. The research method of this study is quantitative based on nature, and applicable based on purpose. In this research, to identify the basic criteria for the selection of suppliers, theoretical literature and experts' opinions have been used, and the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to rank suppliers. In addition, to allocate the optimal order amount to each of the suppliers, the integration of the Goal Programming model with the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used. The results of this research show that how Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company can allocate optimal order amount to any of the suppliers by prioritizing them and also by examining the different parameters, according to the capacity of suppliers, and determine how the studied companies purchase their desired raw materials from suppliers to achieve the desired relative and strategic advantage.ExtendedIntroductionThe issue of supplier evaluation and achieving sustainability in the supply chain is one of the important components of supply chain management because suppliers play an important role in creating sustainability in the supply chain, which means achieving social, environmental, and economic goals and ultimately the success of the company. As much as the selection of suitable suppliers is effective in reducing costs and increasing the competitiveness of companies, the selection of inappropriate suppliers can also degrade the financial and operational position of companies (Baroto et al., 2022; Soheilifar and Falah Lajimi, 2019). The process of selecting suppliers is the most important factor in the effective management of the modern supply chain network because it helps in achieving high-quality products and customer satisfaction. Also, the performance of the supplier plays a key role in price, quality, delivery, and service in achieving the goals of the chain (Mohammed  et al., 2021; Tavakolian et al., 2020).Currently, the way to supply raw materials and evaluate suppliers in the supply chain is one of the challenges that organizations face for more profitability. Because of the ever-increasing number of suppliers due to the creation of competitive conditions, organizations need to develop a suitable methodology for evaluating and selecting suppliers as well as evaluating their performance to successfully reduce costs and increase the quality of services and products (Rashidi Komijan and Masoudifar, 2021).On the other hand; if the supplier cannot deliver the orders on time and with the required quality and reliability, issues and problems will arise in meeting the demand of the seller's customers and ultimately lead to customer dissatisfaction (Ha & Krishnan, 2008). A supplier that fails to deliver a guaranteed and sufficient product to the seller on time will result in customer loss (Gupta & Barua, 2017). Therefore, choosing a supplier is of considerable importance. During the process of choosing a supplier, especially in a competitive environment, it is very important to buy from a supplier who can meet the most criteria such as material quality, on-time delivery, etc. The current research aims to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach for selecting and ranking effective factors and providing a model for the best purchasing situation using the Goal Programming method, which initially identifies the effective criteria for the evaluation and selection of suppliers and the desired criteria using the hierarchical analysis method, then the important suppliers of Tarbat-e Haidarieh Sugar Company have been ranked and finally, the optimal amount of purchase from suppliers has been allocated using the AHP-GP mixed model.Theoretical frameworkRashidi Komijan and Masoudifar (2021) in a research titled "Mathematical model for evaluating suppliers and purchasing spare parts" showed that determining the group for each part according to the two dimensions of supply risk and criticality of the part is a suitable management tool for equipment supply management, and the use of the zero and one planning model is a suitable method for allocating orders in the field of spare parts, and the structure and components of the objective function and restrictions can be changed according to the type of organization.Firouzi & Jadidi (2021), in research entitled "Multi-objective model for supplier selection and order allocation problem through fuzzy parameters", presented a fuzzy multi-objective model for the supplier selection problem and have created a weight additive function to convert the fuzzy multi-objective model into a single objective fuzzy model that can effectively consider the preferences of decision-makers. Then, a separation method was used to solve the single-objective model with fuzzy parameters (Firouzi & Jadidi ,2021).Naqvi & Hassanzadeh Amin (2021) have written an article titled "Supplier selection and order allocation: a literature review." In this research, the articles conducted in the field of supplier selection have been reviewed, and the scope of the problem has been examined in three subcategories, including literature models, deterministic optimization models, and uncertain optimization models.MethodologyThis research is applied based on the purpose, and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of research. Data collection has been done through interviews and distribution of questionnaires among senior and middle managers and experts involved in the purchase of beet sugar of Torbat-Haidarieh sugar factory. Also, through library studies and the use of references and sources related to the topic, the materials and topics related to the discussion have been extracted and used in the present research. The aim of this study is to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach to select the effective factors, rank them, and then provide a model for the best purchase situation using the Goal Programming method. This methodology can be divided into two main phases: the first phase includes the determination of quantitative and qualitative criteria and the use of an Analytic Hierarchy Process to weigh the criteria and options, and the second phase includes the identification of goal and systemic limitations and combining the results of the first phase with the Goal Programming method to allocate the optimal order amount to each supplier. The softwares used in this research were Expert Choice and Lindo 6.01.Discussion and ResultsThe purpose of this research is to provide a framework for the analysis and selection of suppliers of raw materials for Torbat-Haidaryeh Sugar Joint Stock Company. Therefore, this research provides a framework that determines the optimal combination of suppliers according to multiple quantitative and qualitative goals and takes into account system limitations so that the maximum possible value is achieved according to the opinions of experts and specialists of the company. One of the features of this research and the combined model is the possibility of considering the weight of decision-makers. This is important because the decision-making committee may include different members, each of whom has different positions in the organization. By accepting the assumption that different positions are the result of knowledge, experience, work records, etc., the executive director as the person in charge of the decision-making committee can compare the members of the committee in pairs, and finally, the weight of the decision-makers is obtained by calculating the special vector of the matrix. Then the next calculations will be influenced by the weight of the decision-makers. In this study, the factors influencing the selection of suppliers were first identified using literature and experts' opinions. Then these criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using the AHP method. After that, each of the suppliers was rated for each criterion and also for all sub-criteria. In the next step, using the Goal Programming method, the optimal amount of order allocation to each supplier was determined, and according to the results of the research, the largest amount of purchase allocation should be made from Razavi Agricultural Company; Islamabad and Khezri Agricultural Company in the second place, and Marghzar Farmers’ Cooperative Company were ranked third according to the number of orders. Among the other advantages of this model, it can be mentioned that this model includes multiple criteria (quantitative and qualitative) such as grade, quality, timely delivery, etc. in the evaluation and selection of suppliers so that the optimal value according to the Goal limitations is allocated to selected suppliers.ConclusionAccording to the results of this research, at first, the effective components on the evaluation of suppliers were extracted based on the opinion of experts and theoretical foundations. After that, these components were prioritized. After prioritizing these components, all suppliers were evaluated based on these components. Finally, after prioritizing the suppliers based on these components, the optimal allocation of orders from suppliers was determined for each supplier. Among the evaluation components, shipping cost is one of the factors influencing the order (Gergi̇n et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2018; Adalı & Işık, 2017) and most companies are formed near raw materials to bear the least excess cost. (Khan et al., 2016). Also, companies are generally looking for suppliers who can be more compatible with these companies in terms of conditions (Hadian et al., 2020; Gergi̇n et al., 2021), but in some situations, such as the lack of primary goods and the presence of strong competitors, the supplier gets a higher bargaining power and in this situation, the company has to adapt reluctantly to the supplier's conditions (Mohammed et al., 2021). In this situation, companies may have financial requests in the implementation of the contract (Öztürk & Paksoy, 2020). The more financially powerful the suppliers are and the more they can supply, the more they can change the conditions in their favor. On the other hand, the fewer competing companies in the market, the more companies can choose their suppliers with better conditions (Taherdoost and Brard, 2019). Governments can push companies to buy more products from suppliers by giving subsidies. However, companies tend to buy from suppliers with higher quality products (Rezaei et al., 2014; Adalı & Işık, 2017).The higher the quality of the products, the more companies look for the products of these suppliers (Fei et al., 2019). On the other hand, one of the most important factors for sugar beet companies is the grade of this product, and the companies have understood very well that products with higher grades lead to more profit for these companies; therefore, they are looking for buying quality products with suitable quality. Reassuring factors are among the factors that are of great importance in the process of supplier evaluation and selection. Suppliers whose delivery is fast and on time are more important for companies (Jain et al., 2018; Arabsheybani et al., 2018); because if the delivery time is inappropriate, it may cause problems for the company's production. In addition, suppliers who have stable delivery guarantee the future of the company's production (Hadian et al., 2020), and these suppliers are considered strategic partners of the company and are generally much easier adapt with the Companies' conditions to conclude a contract (Szmelter-Jarosz, 2020).The company should support its loyal suppliers and not leave them alone in critical situations, and the contract between the two should be designed in such a way that the risk is shared between the supplier and the company to create confidence on both sides of the transaction (kabgani & shahbandarzadeh, 2019; Junior et al., 2014). Due to the fact that in this research, the mentioned cases have been investigated, therefore, this research is in accordance with the research conducted in terms of using the mentioned variables. In this section, according to the results of the research and in line with expanding the scope of the dynamic problem of supplier selection and order amount allocation, it is suggested that from now on, using the results of this research, the selection of suppliers in this company to be done every year by systematically and scientifically collecting the information required by the models, and establish a marketing strategy related to the suppliers who have obtained high ranks in this research. Also, considering that the conclusion of the initial contract is the responsibility of the company's inspectors; a list of factors affecting the selection of suppliers based on the set priorities has been provided to each of the inspectors to identify the suppliers based on it and proceed to the final negotiations. After the ranking, it was found that the sugar beet quality criterion has a very important priority among the factors. Therefore, it is suggested that sugar production companies use the quality determination device (Betalyzer) to determine the quality of beet sugar.